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Ahmadi-Amoli H, Rahimi M, Abedi-Kichi R, Ebrahimian N, Hosseiniasl SM, Hajebi R, Rahimpour E. Early closure compared to late closure of temporary ileostomy in rectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:234. [PMID: 37316696 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A temporary loop ileostomy is one of the most common methods for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in rectal cancer patients who underwent low anterior resection. However, the optimal timing of loop ileostomy reversal remains unknown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the debilitating complications caused by early closure of ileostomy in comparison with late closure in rectal cancer patients. DESIGN A randomized, controlled, unblinded, and monocentric trial. METHODS A total of 104 rectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to the case group of early closure of ileostomy (n = 50) and the control group of late closure of ileostomy (n = 54). This trial was undertaken in a single colorectal institution, a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Randomization and allocation to the trial group were conducted by using variable block randomization based on quadruple numbers. The primary endpoint of this trial was determined by the complications of early ileostomy closure versus those of late closure in rectal cancer patients who had undergone low anterior resection. In early closure, loop ileostomy is reversed 2-3 weeks after the first two courses of adjuvant chemotherapy, while in late closure, the ileostomy is reversed 2-3 weeks after the last course of adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Follow-up of 1 year demonstrated a reduction in the risk of complications and an improved quality of life in patients with rectal cancer following low anterior resection and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant) in the case group but did not reach a significant difference (p = 0.555). In addition, there was no significant difference in perioperative outcomes, such as blood loss, operative time, readmission, and reoperation; also, no statistically significant differences were reported between the groups in patients' quality of life or LARS score. CONCLUSION In summary, it seems that early closure of ileostomy is not better than late closure in improving patients' quality of life with rectal cancer following low anterior resection and chemotherapy (neoadjuvant and adjuvant); no statistical difference was observed for reduction of risk of ostomy complications. Thus, neither of these methods (early closure versus late closure) is superior to the other, and controversy still exists. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION IRCT20201113049373N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Ahmadi-Amoli
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Rajaee Cardiovascular Medical and Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Abedi-Kichi
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Ebrahimian
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Hajebi
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rahimpour
- Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Sina Hospital, Hassan Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Street, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Magnetic Amine-Functionalized UiO-66 for Oxaliplatin Delivery to Colon Cancer Cells: In Vitro Studies. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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Li W, Liu C, Huang Z, Shi L, Zhong C, Zhou W, Meng P, Li Z, Wang S, Luo F, Yan J, Wu T. AKR1B10 negatively regulates autophagy through reducing GAPDH upon glucose starvation in colon cancer. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237788. [PMID: 33758077 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is considered to be an important switch for facilitating normal to malignant cell transformation during colorectal cancer development. Consistent with other reports, we found that the membrane receptor Neuropilin1 (NRP1) is greatly upregulated in colon cancer cells that underwent autophagy upon glucose deprivation. However, the mechanism underlying NRP1 regulation of autophagy is unknown. We found that knockdown of NRP1 inhibits autophagy and largely upregulates the expression of aldo-keto reductase family 1 B10 (AKR1B10). Moreover, we demonstrated that AKR1B10 interacts with and inhibits the nuclear importation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and then subsequently represses autophagy. Interestingly, we also found that an NADPH-dependent reduction reaction could be induced when AKR1B10 interacts with GAPDH, and the reductase activity of AKR1B10 is important for its repression of autophagy. Together, our findings unravel a novel mechanism of NRP1 in regulating autophagy through AKR1B10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zilan Huang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cellular Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Peipei Meng
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jianghua Yan
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.,Xiamen University Research Center of Retroperitoneal Tumor Committee of Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China.,Joint Laboratory of Xiamen University School of Medicine and Shanghai Jiangxia Blood Technology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
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4
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Liu Y, Guo F, Zhu X, Guo W, Fu T, Wang W. Death Domain-Associated Protein Promotes Colon Cancer Metastasis through Direct Interaction with ZEB1. J Cancer 2020; 11:750-758. [PMID: 31942198 PMCID: PMC6959037 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Death domain-associated protein (DAXX) is a tumor suppressor and its loss has been found in a variety of cancer types. Dysregulation of DAXX is strongly correlated with cancer metastasis. However, the role and functions of DAXX in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis are not fully understood. Methods: We validated the mRNA and protein expression of DAXX in CRC specimens and CRC cell lines using real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The overexpression plasmids of ZEB1 and E-cadherin and the siRNAs for DAXX and ZEB1 knockdown were constructed to study the impact of these factors on cells. Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were performed to examine the cell motility and cell migration and invasion abilities, respectively. Luciferase assay was performed to assess the E-cadherin promoter activity. Immunoprecipitation assay was performed to investigate the interaction between proteins. The rescue experiment was carried out to verify whether the effect of DAXX on E-cadherin expression is depended on ZEB1. Results: DAXX expression was lower in liver metastases than in primary colon cancer tissues. Our results demonstrated that DAXX directly interacted with ZEB1 and suppressed its inhibitory effect on promoter activity of E-cadherin through a ZEB1-dependent manner, and thus suppresses the cell motility, migration, and invasion of CRC cell lines. Conclusion: In sum, these findings supported that the loss of DAXX is associated with cancer cell metastases in CRC. ZEB1-mediated transcriptional suppression of E-cadherin is a possible mechanism. DAXX/ZEB-1 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing cancer metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fengqin Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and obstetrics II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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5
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Zhuo J, Wang X. Combination of targeting CD24 and inhibiting autophagy suppresses the proliferation and enhances the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:539-548. [PMID: 31180548 PMCID: PMC6579989 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD24 can regulate angiogenesis, drug sensitivity and the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether CD24 regulates autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells remains to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the functional role of the altered expression of CD24 in the autophagy and apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 human CRC cells. The results revealed lower expression levels of CD24 in HCT116 cells but higher levels in HT29 cells. Inducing the overexpression or the knockdown of CD24 did not affect the viability or spontaneous apoptosis of HCT116 and HT29 cells, respectively. Induction of the overexpression of CD24 significantly decreased the relative expression levels of Beclin‑1, autophagy‑related (Atg)3 and Atg5, and the numbers of microtubule‑associated protein‑1 light chain‑3 (LC3)‑positive puncta, but increased the expression of p62 in HCT116 cells. By contrast, CD24 silencing increased the expression of Beclin‑1, Atg3 and Atg5, and the numbers of LC3‑positive puncta, but decreased the expression of p62 in HT29 cells. Treatment with 3‑methyladenine, or the knockdown of Atg5 by specific small interfering RNA to attenuate autophagy significantly enhanced the viability of CD24‑overexpressing HCT116 cells, but reduced the viability of CD24‑silenced HT29 cells, relative to their controls. As a result, the attenuation of autophagy significantly decreased the frequency of apoptotic CD24‑overexpressing HCT116 cells, but increased the percentages of apoptotic CD24‑silenced HT29 cells. The overexpression of CD24 promoted the activation of nuclear factor (NF)‑κBp65, whereas CD24 silencing attenuated its activation in CRC cells. Inhibition of the activation of NF‑κB enhanced the CD24 overexpression‑induced decrease in autophagy, but attenuated the CD24 silencing‑induced increase in autophagy in CRC cells. Therefore, CD24 inhibited the autophagy of CRC cells, and the combination of targeting CD24 and inhibiting autophagy promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells. Conceivably, these findings may aid in the design of novel therapies for the intervention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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6
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Wang Z, Yin G, Jia R. Impacts of self-care education on adverse events and mental health related quality of life in breast cancer patients under chemotherapy. Complement Ther Med 2019; 43:165-169. [PMID: 30935525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a consequence of its high incidence, breast cancer has become a severe health risk in women. Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for breast cancer, but causes a decline in life quality of patients. Self-care is a non-medical intervention and has been reported to improve the life quality of colorectal cancer patients. We aim to explore whether self-care is also effective in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS 85 breast cancer patients under chemotherapy participated in this research, among whom 44 patients received the self-care education. The physical and mental conditions of patients before and after chemotherapy were evaluated by Anxiety Inventory, Rotterdam Symptom checklists and QLQ-C30. RESULTS The result showed that the occurrence rates of symptoms were significantly reduced after self-care measures. Anxiety Inventory and Rotterdam Symptom checklists indicated that self-care measures could improve both the physical and mental conditions of patients. The Global Quality of Life (QoL) from QLQ-C30 questionnaire further confirmed the effectiveness of self-care measures in breast cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, self-care measures are effective in improving the physical and mental conditions of breast cancer patients under chemotherapy. Self-care measures play an important role in improving patients' life quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Wang
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou City, 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guimei Yin
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou City, 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Rufu Jia
- Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou City, 061001, Hebei Province, China.
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7
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Wang X, Yu Y, Meng W, Jiang D, Deng X, Wu B, Zhuang H, Wang C, Shen Y, Yang L, Zhu H, Cheng K, Zhao Y, Li Z, Qiu M, Gou H, Bi F, Xu F, Zhong R, Bai S, Wang Z, Zhou Z. Total neoadjuvant treatment (CAPOX plus radiotherapy) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer with high risk factors: A phase 2 trial. Radiother Oncol 2018; 129:300-305. [PMID: 30381141 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) in patients with rectal cancer with high risk factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS We did this phase 2 trial in patients who were diagnosed with stage II-III rectal cancer with at least one of the high risk factors. Three cycles of induction CAPOX were followed by pelvic radiotherapy of 50.4 Gy/28 fractions and two cycles of concurrent CAPOX. Three cycles of consolidation CAPOX were delivered after radiotherapy. Primary endpoints were pathological complete response (pCR) and R0 resection. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled and 47 patients were evaluable. A total of 34 patients (72.3%) completed 6 to 8 cycles of chemotherapy and 46 patients (98%) completed the planned radiotherapy. 17 patients (36%) achieved a pCR or clinical complete response (cCR). Three cCR patients (6.4%) refused the operation and selected a watch-and-wait approach. The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were leucopenia (10.6%) and radiation dermatitis (6.4%). The major surgical complications included pelvic abscesses/infection in 2 patients (4.3%), anastomotic leakage and hemorrhage in1 patient (2.2%), respectively, which were all addressed with conservative management. CONCLUSIONS TNT is effective and safe in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer with high risk factors. Long-term efficacies of TNT need to be further evaluated. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR-OIN-17012284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongyang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjian Meng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhuang
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yali Shen
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Memg Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongfeng Gou
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rrenmin Zhong
- Radiation Physics Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Bai
- Radiation Physics Center, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Lu XS, Qiao YB, Li Y, Yang B, Chen MB, Xing CG. Preclinical study of cinobufagin as a promising anti-colorectal cancer agent. Oncotarget 2018; 8:988-998. [PMID: 27894091 PMCID: PMC5352212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we assessed the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) cell activity of cinobufagin (CBG). We found that CBG exerted potent cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity against CRC lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) and primary human CRC cells. Meanwhile, it activated apoptosis, and disrupted cell-cycle progression in the cells. At the signaling level, CBG treatment in CRC cells provoked endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), the latter was evidenced by caspase-12 activation, CHOP expression, as well as PERK and IRE1 phosphorylations. Contrarily, the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal, the caspase-12 inhibitor and CHOP shRNA remarkably attenuated CBG-induced CRC cell death and apoptosis. Further, CBG in-activated mammalian target or rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which appeared responsible for proliferation inhibition in CRC cells. Introduction of a constitutively-active S6K1 (“ca-S6K1”) restored proliferation of CBG-treated CRC cells. Finally, CBG intraperitoneal injection suppressed HCT-116 xenograft tumor growth in the nude mice. CHOP upregulation and mTORC1 in-activation were also noticed in CBG-treated HCT-116 tumors. The results of this preclinical study suggest that CBG could be tested as promising anti-CRC agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Sheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin-Biao Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Chun-Gen Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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9
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Lu PH, Chen MB, Ji C, Li WT, Wei MX, Wu MH. Aqueous Oldenlandia diffusa extracts inhibits colorectal cancer cells via activating AMP-activated protein kinase signalings. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45889-45900. [PMID: 27322552 PMCID: PMC5216768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we evaluated the anti-cancer activity of aqueous Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) extracts (ODE) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We showed that ODE exerted potent anti-proliferative, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activities against a panel of established CRC lines (HCT-116, DLD-1, HT-29 and Lovo) and primary (patient-derived) human CRC cells. ODE activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which led to subsequent mTORC1 inhibition and Bcl-2/HIF-1α downregulation in CRC cells. In ODE-treated CRC cells, AMPKα1 formed a complex with p53. This might be important for p53 activation and subsequent cancer cell apoptosis. Inhibition of AMPK signaling, though dominant negative (dn) mutation or shRNA/siRNA knockdown of AMPKα1 attenuated ODE-exerted CRC cytotoxicity. In vivo, i.p. administration of ODE inhibited HCT-116 xenograft tumor growth in SCID mice. In addition, AMPK activation, mTORC1 inhibition and p53 activation were observed in ODE-treated HCT-116 xenograft tumors. These results suggest that ODE inhibits CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, possibly via activation of AMPK-dependent signalings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hua Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mu-Xin Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mian-Hua Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Mao M, Liu Y, Gao X. Feedback autophagy activation as a key resistance factor of Ku-0060648 in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1244-1249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Zhou C, Gu J, Zhang G, Dong D, Yang Q, Chen MB, Xu D. AMPK-autophagy inhibition sensitizes icaritin-induced anti-colorectal cancer cell activity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14736-14747. [PMID: 28103582 PMCID: PMC5362439 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research studied the potential effect of autophagy on icaritin-induced anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) cell activity. Treatment of icaritin in both primary and established (HT-29) CRC cells induced feedback activation of autophagy, evidenced by p62 degradation, Beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-5 (ATG-5) upregulation, as well as light chain 3B (LC3B)-GFP puncta formation. Pharmacological inhibiting of autophagy dramatically potentiated icaritin-induced CRC cell death and apoptosis. Meanwhile, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Beclin-1 or ATG-5 also sensitized icaritin-induced CRC cell death and apoptosis. Icaritin activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in CRC cells, functioning as the upstream signaling for autophagy activation. shRNA/siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPKα1inhibited icaritin-induced autophagy activation, but exacerbated CRC cell death. On the other hand, the AMPK activator compound 13 (C13) or the autophagy activator MHY1485 attenuated icaritin-induced cytotoxicity. In nude mice, icaritin (oral administration)-induced HT-29 tumor growth inhibition was potentiated when combined with AMPKα1 shRNA knockdown in tumors. We conclude that feedback activation of AMPK-autophagy pathway could be a primary resistance factor of icaritin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Wujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Gu
- The Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Wujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Da Dong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Wujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Qunying Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Wujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Dongfeng Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Wujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wujiang, Suzhou, China
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Ma Z, Gong G, Deng Z, Xu K, Wang G, Wei Y, Zou X. Silencing protein kinase C ζ by microRNA-25-5p activates AMPK signaling and inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65329-65338. [PMID: 29029434 PMCID: PMC5630334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel strategies against human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is needed. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could possibly inhibit CRC cells. Protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) is an AMPK negative regulator. Here we found that PKCζ expression was significantly elevated in human colon cancer tissues and CRC cells. PKCζ upregulation was correlated with AMPK in-activation and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) over-activation. Reversely, PKCζ shRNA knockdown activated AMPK signaling and inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation. Significantly, downregulation of microRNA-25-5p (miR-25-5p), a PKCζ-targeting miRNA, could be the cause of PKCζ upregulation. Exogenous expression of miR-25-5p silenced PKCζ to activate AMPK signaling, which inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation. In vivo studies showed that HT-29 xenograft growth in mice was inhibited after expressing PKCζ shRNA or miR-25-5p. Collectively, PKCζ could be a novel oncogenic protein of human CRC. PKCζ silence, by targeted-shRNA or miR-25-5p expression, activates AMPK and inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanwen Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Ludmir EB, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: An emerging option. Cancer 2017; 123:1497-1506. [PMID: 28295220 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has benefited from improved surgical techniques and from the implementation of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which have markedly decreased the rates of local recurrence. However, distant metastatic disease remains the most significant cause of death for these patients. Although adjuvant chemotherapy (ChT) after neoadjuvant CRT and definitive surgery is commonly recommended, the value of adjuvant systemic therapy remains less clear. Trials evaluating adjuvant ChT for rectal cancer have been handicapped by poor compliance rates and inconsistent survival results. Shifting systemic therapy delivery to the neoadjuvant setting has the promise to improve compliance rates, reduce toxicity, and decrease distant relapse rates. Recently, multiple prospective trials have reported on the use of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with LARC, incorporating both ChT and CRT in the neoadjuvant setting. Here, the authors review the promising results from those trials. Because the studies have largely focused on pathologic outcomes (primarily pathologic complete response rates), ongoing phase 2 and 3 trials are now underway assessing the long-term disease-related outcomes with TNT. In addition to improving survival, TNT has the potential to increase the pool of patients with LARC who are eligible for organ preservation, which is also being evaluated. Cancer 2017;123:1497-1506. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Manisha Palta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian G Czito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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14
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Zhang S, Deng Z, Yao C, Huang P, Zhang Y, Cao S, Li X. AT7867 Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via AKT-Dependent and AKT-Independent Mechanisms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169585. [PMID: 28081222 PMCID: PMC5231330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT is often hyper-activated in human colorectal cancers (CRC). This current study evaluated the potential anti-CRC activity by AT7867, a novel AKT and p70S6K1 (S6K1) dual inhibitor. We showed that AT7867 inhibited survival and proliferation of established (HT-29, HCT116 and DLD-1 lines) and primary human CRC cells. Meanwhile, it provoked caspase-dependent apoptosis in the CRC cells. Molecularly, AT7867 blocked AKT-S6K1 activation in CRC cells. Restoring AKT-S6K1 activation, via expression of a constitutively-active AKT1 ("ca-AKT1"), only partially attenuated AT7867-induced HT-29 cell death. Further studies demonstrated that AT7867 inhibited sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) activity to promote pro-apoptotic ceramide production in HT-29 cells. Such effects by AT7867 were independent of AKT inhibition. AT7867-indued ceramide production and subsequent HT-29 cell apoptosis were attenuated by co-treatment of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), but were potentiated with the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor PDMP. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of AT7867 inhibited HT-29 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. AKT activation was also inhibited in AT7867-treated HT-29 tumors. Together, the preclinical results suggest that AT7867 inhibits CRC cells via AKT-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Orthopedic Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shibing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (SC)
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (SC)
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15
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Jin ZZ, Wang W, Fang DL, Jin YJ. mTOR inhibition sensitizes ONC201-induced anti-colorectal cancer cell activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1515-20. [PMID: 27565731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We here tested the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity by a first-in-class small molecule TRAIL inducer ONC201. The potential effect of mTOR on ONC201's actions was also examined. ONC201 induced moderate cytotoxicity against CRC cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116 and DLD-1) and primary human CRC cells. Significantly, AZD-8055, a mTOR kinase inhibitor, sensitized ONC201-induced cytotoxicity in CRC cells. Meanwhile, ONC201-induced TRAIL/death receptor-5 (DR-5) expression, caspase-8 activation and CRC cell apoptosis were also potentiated with AZD-8055 co-treatment. Reversely, TRAIL sequestering antibody RIK-2 or the caspase-8 specific inhibitor z-IETD-fmk attenuated AZD-8055 plus ONC201-induced CRC cell death. Further, mTOR kinase-dead mutation (Asp-2338-Ala) or shRNA knockdown significantly sensitized ONC201's activity in CRC cells, leading to profound cell death and apoptosis. On the other hand, expression of a constitutively-active S6K1 (T389E) attenuated ONC201-induced CRC cell apoptosis. For the mechanism study, we showed that ONC201 blocked Akt, but only slightly inhibited mTOR in CRC cells. Co-treatment with AZD-8055 also concurrently blocked mTOR activation. These results suggest that mTOR could be a primary resistance factor of ONC201 in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Zhu Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di-Long Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Huo H, Zhou Z, Qin J, Liu W, Wang B, Gu Y. Erastin Disrupts Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (mPTP) and Induces Apoptotic Death of Colorectal Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154605. [PMID: 27171435 PMCID: PMC4865238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We here evaluated the potential anti-colorectal cancer activity by erastin, a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)-binding compound. Our in vitro studies showed that erastin exerted potent cytotoxic effects against multiple human colorectal cancer cell lines, possibly via inducing oxidative stress and caspase-9 dependent cell apoptosis. Further, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was observed in erastin-treated cancer cells, which was evidenced by VDAC-1 and cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D) association, mitochondrial depolarization, and cytochrome C release. Caspase inhibitors, the ROS scavenger MnTBAP, and mPTP blockers (sanglifehrin A, cyclosporin A and bongkrekic acid), as well as shRNA-mediated knockdown of VDAC-1, all significantly attenuated erastin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. On the other hand, over-expression of VDAC-1 augmented erastin-induced ROS production, mPTP opening, and colorectal cancer cell apoptosis. In vivo studies showed that intraperitoneal injection of erastin at well-tolerated doses dramatically inhibited HT-29 xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Together, these results demonstrate that erastin is cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic to colorectal cancer cells. Erastin may be further investigated as a novel anti-colorectal cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Huo
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Wang L, Zhu YR, Wang S, Zhao S. Autophagy inhibition sensitizes WYE-354-induced anti-colon cancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11743-11752. [PMID: 27020593 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 are frequently dysregulated in human colon cancers. In the present study, we evaluated the potential anti-colon cancer cell activity by a novel mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor WYE-354. We showed that WYE-354 was anti-survival and anti-proliferative when adding to primary (patient-derived) and established (HCT-116, HT-29, Caco-2, LoVo, and DLD-1 lines) colon cancer cells. In addition, WYE-354 treatment activated caspase-dependent apoptosis in the colon cancer cells. Mechanistically, WYE-354 blocked mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation. Meanwhile, it also induced autophagy activation in the colon cancer cells. Autophagy inhibitors (bafilomycin A1 and 3-methyladenine), or shRNA-mediated knockdown of autophagy elements (Beclin-1 and ATG-5), remarkably sensitized WYE-354-mediated anti-colon cancer cell activity in vitro. Further studies showed that WYE-354 administration inhibited HT-29 xenograft growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Importantly, its activity in vivo was further potentiated with co-administration of the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Phosphorylations of Akt (Ser-473) and S6 were also decreased in WYE-354-treated HT-29 xenografts. Together, these pre-clinical results demonstrate the potent anti-colon cancer cell activity by WYE-354, and its activity may be further augmented with autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, No 406 Jiefang South Road, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yun-Rong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, 214400, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, No 406 Jiefang South Road, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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18
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Pre-clinical characterization of 4SC-202, a novel class I HDAC inhibitor, against colorectal cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10257-67. [PMID: 26831668 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) overactivity in colorectal cancer (CRC) promotes cancer progression. In the current study, we showed that 4SC-202, a novel class I HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), potently inhibited survival and proliferation of primary human colon cancer cells and established CRC lines (HT-29, HCT-116, HT-15, and DLD-1). Yet, the same 4SC-202 treatment was non-cytotoxic to colon epithelial cells where HDAC-1/-2 expressions were extremely low. 4SC-202 provoked apoptosis activation in CRC cells, while caspase inhibitors (z-VAD-CHO and z-DVED-CHO) significantly alleviated 4SC-202-exerted cytotoxicity in CRC cells. Meanwhile, 4SC-202 induced dramatic G2-M arrest in CRC cells. Further studies showed that AKT activation might be an important resistance factor of 4SC-202. 4SC-202-induced cytotoxicity was dramatically potentiated with serum starvation, AKT inhibition (by perifosine or MK-2206), or AKT1-shRNA knockdown in CRC cells. On the other hand, exogenous expression of constitutively active AKT1 (CA-AKT1) decreased the sensitivity by 4SC-202 in HT-29 cells. Notably, 4SC-202, at a low concentration, enhanced oxaliplatin-induced in vitro anti-CRC activity. In vivo, we showed that oral gavage of 4SC-202 inhibited HT-29 xenograft growth in nude mice, and when combined with oxaliplatin, its activity was further strengthened. Together, these pre-clinical results indicate that 4SC-202 may be further investigated as a valuable anti-CRC agent/chemo-adjuvant.
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19
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Xun C, Chen MB, Qi L, Tie-Ning Z, Peng X, Ning L, Zhi-Xiao C, Li-Wei W. Targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) by ABC294640 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:94. [PMID: 26337959 PMCID: PMC4559903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in China and around the world. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Research groups are thus searching for novel and more efficient anti-CRC agents. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that ABC294640, a novel SphK2 inhibitor, induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in transformed and primary CRC cells. The SphK activity was remarkably inhibited by ABC294640, accompanied by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) depletion and ceramide incensement in CRC cells. Exogenously-added S1P inhibited ABC294640-induced HT-29 cell lethality. While C6 ceramide and SphK1 inhibitor SKI-II facilitated ABC294640-induced cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. ABC294640 inhibited AKT-S6K1, but activated JNK signaling in transformed and primary CRC cells. JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and JNKi-II) alleviated ABC294640-induced CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, a low concentration of ABC294640 sensitized the activity of 5-FU and cisplatin in vitro. In vivo, ABC294640 oral administration dramatically inhibited HT-29 xenografts growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Targeting of SphK2 by ABC294640 potently inhibits CRC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, ABC294640 could be developed as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Xun
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Li Qi
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Zhang Tie-Ning
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Xue Peng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Chen Zhi-Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China.
| | - Wang Li-Wei
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District, 200080, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Abstract
For many years, the multidisciplinary approach of neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision and adjuvant fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy has remained the accepted standard management for locally advanced rectal cancers. Over this time period, many new systemic treatment options have become available, including: additional chemotherapeutic agents (oxaliplatin) and targeted therapies (vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors), which can be added to neoadjuvant and adjuvant regimens or given in combination with radiotherapy as radio-sensitizing agents. Here we review the current literature, examining emerging data related to the impact of multiple modifications to the standard approach, including the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the addition of new agents to standard chemoradiation, and postoperative fluoropyrimidine-based treatment, the optimal timing of surgery, and nonoperative approaches to the management of locally advanced rectal cancers.
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