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Abdel Salam MS, Mahmoud E, Abdel-Kareem SM, Khidr EG. Serum spexin in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Semergen 2025; 51:102510. [PMID: 40347854 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2025] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic defects significantly contribute to diabetes development, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. First-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients face an increased risk of developing diabetes. Spexin, a novel neuropeptide, is emerging as a key player in metabolic diseases due to its role in energy homeostasis. This study aims to evaluate, for the first time, serum spexin levels in normoglycemic FDRs of T2D patients, compared to T2D and healthy controls. It also investigates the relationship between spexin levels, insulin resistance, and metabolic parameters. METHODS Ninety participants were included: 30 with T2D, 35 normoglycemic FDRs of T2D patients, and 25 healthy controls. Serum spexin levels were measured using ELISA, along with and glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, and insulin resistance markers. RESULTS Spexin levels were significantly lower in FDRs compared to controls and even lower in T2D patients, indicating a progressive decline from healthy individuals to those with T2D. Spexin levels negatively correlated with BMI, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, but positively correlated with HDL-C. CONCLUSION Lower spexin levels in FDRs of T2D patients may be associated with a higher risk of developing T2D. Spexin levels showed statistically significant negative correlations with key metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors, including BMI (r=-0.302), triglycerides (r=-0.464), total cholesterol (r=-0.524), fasting insulin (r=-0.703), and HOMA-IR (r=-0.565), suggesting that reduced spexin may reflect or contribute to worsening metabolic health and insulin resistance. Monitoring spexin could be useful for identifying individuals at higher risk for T2D and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdel Salam
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E Mahmoud
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Abdel-Kareem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E G Khidr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Peng H, Wang M, Guo H, Hou T, Li Y, Zhang H, Tan Y, Qin X, Wu Y, Chen D, Li J, Hu Y, Wu T. Parental Transmission of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Offspring: A Prospective Family-Based Cohort Study in Northern China. Nutrients 2025; 17:1361. [PMID: 40284224 PMCID: PMC12030247 DOI: 10.3390/nu17081361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2025] [Revised: 04/08/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: While parental type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a known risk factor for offspring T2D, the differential impact of maternal versus paternal transmission remains debated. Methods: This prospective family-based cohort study enrolled 4508 diabetes-free adults from Northern China with a median 7.32-year follow-up. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we examined parent-of-origin effects on T2D incidence, adjusting for lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic covariates. Results: Parental T2D conferred elevated offspring risk (adjusted HR = 1.82, 95% CI:1.44-2.30), and was predominantly driven by maternal transmission. Maternal T2D was robustly associated with offspring risk (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.47-2.43), whereas paternal T2D showed no significant effect (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.88-1.84). Offspring with only maternal T2D history exhibited the highest risk (HR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.87-3.50; p = 4.70 × 10-9), persisting after full adjustment, while no significant association was observed for paternal diabetes. Lifestyle modified this association: healthy diet (diet score > 2 vs. ≤2: HR = 1.34 vs. 2.76; pinteraction = 9.10 × 10-4) and regular exercise (regular vs. unregular: HR = 1.13 vs. 2.10; pinteraction = 4.20 × 10-2) attenuated maternal transmission. Conclusions: Maternal T2D confers greater intergenerational risk than paternal T2D, with modifiable lifestyle factors mitigating this association. These findings highlight the importance of integrating maternal diabetes history into clinical risk stratification tools and prioritizing lifestyle interventions in the offspring of affected mothers to mitigate inherited risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huangda Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianjiao Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinxi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueying Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
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Liao PJ, Ting MK, Kuo CF, Ding YH, Lin CM, Hsu KH. Kinship analysis of type 2 diabetes mellitus familial aggregation in Taiwan. Biomed J 2023; 46:100549. [PMID: 35863666 PMCID: PMC10345230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family disease history plays a vital role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, the familial aggregation of T2DM among different kinship relatives warrants further investigation. METHODS This nationwide kinship relationship study collected 2000-2016 data of two to five generations of the Taiwanese population from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Approximately 4 million family trees were constructed from the records of 20, 890, 264 Taiwanese residents during the study period. T2DM was diagnosed on the basis of ICD-9-CM codes 250.x0 or 250.x2, with three consecutive related prescriptions. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Compared with their counterparts, individuals who had first-degree relatives with T2DM were more likely to develop T2DM during the follow-up period (hazard ratio [HR], 2.37-27.75), followed by individuals who had second-degree relatives with T2DM (HR, 1.29-1.88). T2DM relative risk was higher in those with an affected mother than in those with affected father. The HR for T2DM was 20.32 (95%CI = 15.64-26.42) among male individuals with an affected twin brother, whereas among female individuals with an affected twin sister, it was 60.07 (95%CI = 40.83-88.36). The HRs presented a dose-response relationship with the number of affected family members. CONCLUSION The study suggests a significant familial aggregation of T2DM occurrence; these findings could aid in identifying the high-risk group for T2DM and designing early intervention strategies and treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liao
- International Program of Health Informatics and Management, and Master Degree Program in Health and Long-term Care Industry, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuo Ting
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hao Ding
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ciao-Ming Lin
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Low EV, Lee M, Bauer C, Fisher-Hoch SP, McCormick JB, Abughosh S, Essien EJ, Rodriguez J, Chen H. Association of Puberty Stage and Weight Status with Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents Living on the Texas-Mexico Border. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:440-450. [PMID: 35819796 PMCID: PMC9595617 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the interaction effect between puberty stage and weight status on individual and clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) among Mexican American children and adolescents. A total of 333 children and adolescents (aged 8-18 years) enrolled in the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC) from 2014 to 2020 were included in the study. Methods: CCHC is a longitudinal, randomly recruited cohort based on the United States Census tracts/blocks of Mexican Americans living on the Texas-Mexico border. Individual CMRFs, including high blood pressure, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin resistance (IR) were assessed. Clustering of CMRFs is defined as the presence of three or more individual CMRFs. Puberty stages were assessed using the Tanner criteria. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the association of puberty, weight status, and the interaction of the two main exposures with individual and clustering of CMRFs. Results: We observed that weight status had a dominant effect on all CMRF measures. The effect was especially prominent on central obesity and clustering of CMRFs. There were 95.4% of children with central obesity and 98.4% of those with clustering of CMRF were either overweight or obese. Entering puberty was associated with an increased risk of having IR [Tanner stage 2 vs. 1: odds ratio (OR) = 3.25, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.28-8.27; Tanner stage 3 vs. 1: OR = 3.50, 95% CI 1.45-8.46] and hypertriglyceridemia (Tanner stage 2 vs. 1: OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.11-6.45). However, the effects were not observed among those reaching the end of puberty (Tanner stage 4 and 5). Conclusions: A significant interaction effect between weight status and puberty was not detected on any individual CMRF and in the clustering of CMRFs. Other factors positively associated with individual CMRFs, especially IR, were being female and having a family history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Vien Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
- Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Miryoung Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Texas, USA
| | - Susan P. Fisher-Hoch
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph B. McCormick
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Abughosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ekere J. Essien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
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Li Y, Gao D, Yang Z, Ma Y, Chen M, Ma J, Dong Y, Dong B. Parental Adherence to Ideal Cardiovascular Health Status Was Associated With a Substantially Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Their Offspring Aged 6-18 Years. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715171. [PMID: 34616763 PMCID: PMC8488122 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parental health status had a potential influence on offspring health. This study aimed to investigate the separate associations between paternal and maternal cardiovascular health statuses and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring. Methods: Data were from a cross-sectional study conducted in seven provinces or cities of China in 2013. A total of 29,317 children aged 6-18 years old and their parents, making up 9,585 father-offspring pairs and 19,732 mother-offspring pairs, were included in the final analysis. Information on parental cardiovascular health status factors (dietary behaviors, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus) was obtained from the structured self-administrated questionnaires. Based on the health status factors, we then generated an ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) score. The overweight and obesity of children were defined using age- and sex-specific cutoffs based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. A multilevel log-binomial regression model was used to assess the association between parental cardiovascular health status and prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the offspring. Results: The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity was 22.0% in the father-offspring subset and 23.8% in the mother-offspring subset, respectively. Fathers with ideal BMI, non-smoking, and absence of hypertension and diabetes, and mothers with ideal BMI, ideal physical activity, and absence of hypertension and diabetes were found to be associated with lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. The prevalence of offspring overweight and obesity was significantly decreased with the parental iCVH scores increased. Each additional increase in paternal and maternal iCVH factor was associated with a 30% and 27% lower prevalence of overweight and obesity in the offspring. Compared with children whose parental iCVH scores ≤ 3, offspring whose fathers or mothers met all six iCVH factors had 67% [prevalence ratio (PR): 0.33, 95%CI: 0.25-0.42] and 58% (PR: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.29-0.62) lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively. Conclusions: Parental adherence to iCVH status was associated with a lower prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity in offspring. Our findings support the intervention strategy that parents should involve in the obesity intervention program for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Aslam M, Mishra BK, Goyal S, Siddiqui AA, Madhu SV. Family history of diabetes determines the association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglycerides in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:227-234. [PMID: 33334713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with family history of diabetes carry nearly double the risk of diabetes than those without. However, the mechanism for this increased risk of diabetes in them is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To study fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) who had family history of diabetes and to ascertain their association with insulin resistance. METHODS Fasting triglyceride levels and HOMA-IR were compared in 671 NGT individuals with and without a family history of diabetes. A standardized fat challenge test was also done in one tenth of individuals of each group and postprandial triglyceride responses were compared between them. Association of HOMA-IR with fasting and postprandial triglyceride levels was ascertained through pearson's coefficient of correlation. RESULTS Individuals with family history of diabetes had significantly higher HOMA-IR (P < 0.001) and significantly higher postprandial triglyceride AUC (P = 0.04) after standardized fat meal despite having similar fasting triglyceride levels (P = 0.51) as those without family history of diabetes. Fasting as well as postprandial triglyceride levels significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.35, P < 0.001 and r = 0.39, P = 0.04) only in those with a positive family history of diabetes but not in those without. Triglyceride levels mediated the associations of BMI (Δ β = -0.053) and waist circumference (Δ β = -0.075) with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Triglyceride levels, both in the fasting and the postprandial state are associated with insulin resistance in NGT individuals with a family history of diabetes but not in those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Azaz Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
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Kong X, Yang Z, Zhang B, Chen X, Yu L, Zhu H, Xing X, Yang W. Maternal and paternal histories differentially influence risks for diabetes, insulin secretion and insulin resistance in a Chinese population. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:434-445. [PMID: 32681523 PMCID: PMC7926248 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction To investigate the differential effects of maternal versus paternal history of diabetes on the risks for diabetes and prediabetes, as well as on insulin secretion and resistance in Chinese individuals. Materials and Methods From the 2007 to 2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders Study, 39,244 participants were included and divided into four categories: negative parental history, paternal history only (PH), maternal history only (MH), and both paternal and maternal history. Results The age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence rates of diabetes in the negative parental history, PH, MH, and both paternal and maternal history groups were 8.59, 12.56, 15.86 and 29.81%, respectively. The prevalence rates of impaired glucose metabolism were 24.13, 25.41, 31.13 and 50.80%, with the prevalence in the MH group being significantly higher than that in the PH group. Compared with that in the FH0 group, the risks of diabetes in the PH, MH, and both paternal and maternal history groups were 2.01‐, 2.67‐ and 6.37‐fold greater, and the risks of impaired glucose metabolism were 1.28‐, 1.65‐ and 3.45‐fold greater. In addition, MH had a significantly greater impact on impaired glucose metabolism than PH (PMHvsPH = 0.0292). Regression analyses suggested MH was associated with homeostatic model assessment for β‐cell function (β[SE] = −0.0910[0.0334], P = 0.0065), insulinogenic index (−0.1866[0.0550], P = 0.0007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (0.0662[0.0227], P = 0.0036) and Matsuda Index [−0.0716(0.0203), P = 0.0004]. PH was specifically associated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (0.1343[0.0267], P < 0.0001) and Matsuda Index (−0.1566[0.0243], P < 0.0001), but the effects were stronger than those of MH (PMHvsPH = 0.0431, 0.0054). Conclusions MH and PH differentially influence the risks for diabetes, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in the Chinese population, suggesting they participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Maternal obesity: focus on offspring cardiometabolic outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:27-34. [PMID: 32714510 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several human and animal studies have demonstrated that cardiometabolic parameters in infancy, childhood, adolescence and even adulthood are negatively influenced by many factors besides energy imbalance. Interestingly, maternal weight excess both before and during pregnancy seems to be a negative determinant of metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in the offspring. This review includes both human and animal studies and finally highlights the link between maternal obesity and cardiometabolic disorders in offspring.
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Yan S, Hou W, Wu H, Jiang W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li H, Yang S, Sun C, Han T, Li Y. Prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine and the risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood across consecutive generations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1229-1236. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Xu Y, Shen Y, Ma X, Gu C, Wang Y, Bao Y. First-degree family history of diabetes and its relationship with serum osteocalcin levels independent of liver fat content in a non-diabetic Chinese cohort. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1628. [PMID: 31795988 PMCID: PMC6892230 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-degree relatives of patients with diabetes (FDR) tend to have impaired insulin activity, which lead to the alternation of circulating cytokine levels. Liver is a main target tissue of insulin action; therefore, liver fat content (LFC) has a close relationship with insulin resistance. This study aimed to find the alteration in serum osteocalcin levels in FDR and the relationship of serum osteocalcin levels with FDR and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS In total, 1206 subjects including 413 men and 793 women from the communities, aged 59.7 (range, 54.8-64.3) years, were enrolled. An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was performed to measure the levels of serum osteocalcin. LFC was measured using quantitative ultrasonography. RESULTS A significant decrease was found in serum osteocalcin levels in subjects with NAFLD (P < 0.001) as well as in FDR (19.8 ± 5.7 ng/mL versus 20.7 ± 6.8 ng/mL, P = 0.028). Furthermore, among the subjects with NAFLD, those with FDR had lower levels of osteocalcin than those without FDR (P = 0.011). The presence of FDR remained a predictor for decreased serum osteocalcin levels after adjusting for body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids, and LFC (standardized β = - 0.057, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS FDR had lower serum osteocalcin levels than non-FDR. The inverse association between FDR and serum osteocalcin levels was independent of metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | | | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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The burden and correlates of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in a semi-urban population of Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15382. [PMID: 31653888 PMCID: PMC6814741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the burden and correlates of three cardiometabolic risk factors, (hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity), and their possible clustering patterns in a semi-urban population of Nepal. Data were obtained from a community-based management of non-communicable disease in Nepal (COBIN) Wave II study, which included 2,310 adults aged 25-64 years in a semi-urban area of Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal, using the World Health Organization-STEPS questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression models were used to study the correlates of the individual risk factors and their clustering. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity was 34.5%, 11.7%, and 52.9%, respectively. In total, 68.2% of the participants had at least one risk factor and many participants had two risks in combination: 6.8% for 'hypertension and diabetes', 7.4% for 'diabetes and overweight/obesity' and 21.4% for 'hypertension and overweight/obesity'. In total, 4.7% had all three risk factors. Janajati ethnicity (1.4-2.1 times), male gender (1.5 times) and family history of diabetes (1.4-3.4 times) were associated with presence of individual risk factors. Similarly, Janajati ethnicity (aOR: 4.31, 95% CI: 2.53-7.32), current smoking (aOR: 4.81, 95% CI: 2.27-10.21), and family history of diabetes (aOR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.67-7.91) were associated with presence of all three risk factors. Our study found a high prevalence of all single and combined cardiometabolic risk factors in Nepal. It underlines the need to manage risk factors in aggregate and plan prevention activities targeting multiple risk factors.
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Tam CHT, Ma RCW, Yuen LY, Ozaki R, Li AM, Hou Y, Chan MHM, Ho CS, Yang X, Chan JCN, Tam WH. The impact of maternal gestational weight gain on cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2539-2548. [PMID: 30225524 PMCID: PMC6223878 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Accumulating evidence suggests an impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on pregnancy outcomes; however, data on cardiometabolic risk factors later in life have not been comprehensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between GWG and cardiometabolic risk in offspring aged 7 years. METHODS We included a total of 905 mother-child pairs who enrolled in the follow-up visit of the multicentre Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study, at the Hong Kong Centre. Women were classified as having gained weight below, within or exceeding the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. A standardised GWG according to pre-pregnancy BMI categories was calculated to explore for any quadratic relationship. RESULTS Independent of pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational hyperglycaemia and other confounders, women who gained more weight than the IOM recommendations had offspring with a larger body size and increased odds of adiposity, hypertension and insulin resistance (range of p values of all the traits: 4.6 × 10-9 < p < 0.0390) than women who were within the recommended range of weight gain during pregnancy. Meanwhile, women who gained less weight than outlined in the recommendations had offspring with increased risks of hypertension and insulin resistance, compared with those who gained weight within the recommended range (7.9 × 10-3 < p < 0.0477). Quadratic relationships for diastolic blood pressure, AUC for insulin, pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity index were confirmed in the analysis of standardised GWG (1.4 × 10-3 < pquadratic < 0.0282). Further adjustment for current BMI noticeably attenuated the observed associations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Both excessive and inadequate GWG have independent and significant impacts on childhood adiposity, hypertension and insulin resistance. Our findings support the notion that adverse intrauterine exposures are associated with persistent cardiometabolic risk in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia H T Tam
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
| | - Lai Yuk Yuen
- 1/F, Special Block (Block E), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Risa Ozaki
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Hou
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Michael H M Chan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Chung Shun Ho
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Xilin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juliana C N Chan
- 9/F, Lui Che Woo Clinical Science Building, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- 1/F, Special Block (Block E), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong.
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13
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Keleher MR, Zaidi R, Patel K, Ahmed A, Bettler C, Pavlatos C, Shah S, Cheverud JM. The effect of dietary fat on behavior in mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018; 17:297-307. [PMID: 30918865 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction in humans and rodents, and its effects can be passed on to the next generation. However, the extent of these effects is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a prenatal maternal high-fat diet and an individual high-fat diet in inbred mice. Methods We varied maternal diet and offspring diet to test the hypothesis that a high-fat diet would increase anxiety, reduce activity levels, and impair nest-building. First, we fed a high-fat (HF) or low-fat (LF) diet to genetically identical female Small (SM/J) mice and mated them with LF males. We cross-fostered all offspring to LF-fed SM/J nurses and weaned them onto an HF or LF diet. We weighed the mice weekly and we tested anxiety with the Open Field Test, activity levels with instantaneous scan sampling, and nest building using the Deacon Scale. Results Diet significantly affected weight, with HF females weighing 28.2 g (± 1.4 g SE) and LF females weighing 15.1 g (± 1.6 g SE) at 17 weeks old. The offspring's own diet had major behavioral effects. HF mice produced more fecal boli and urinations in the Open Field Test, built lower-quality nests, and had lower activity in adulthood than LF mice. The only trait that a prenatal maternal diet significantly affected was whether the offspring built their nests inside or outside of a hut. Conclusions Offspring diet, but not prenatal maternal diet, affected a wide range of behaviors in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Rose Keleher
- 1Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Rabab Zaidi
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Kayna Patel
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Amer Ahmed
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Carlee Bettler
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Cassondra Pavlatos
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - Shyam Shah
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
| | - James M Cheverud
- 2Department of Biology, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660 USA
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Hu X, Xiong Q, Xu Y, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Ma X, Bao Y. Contribution of maternal diabetes to visceral fat accumulation in offspring. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:426-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Lee YH, Shin MH, Nam HS, Park KS, Choi SW, Ryu SY, Kweon SS. Effect of Family History of Diabetes on Hemoglobin A1c Levels among Individuals with and without Diabetes: The Dong-gu Study. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:92-100. [PMID: 29214782 PMCID: PMC5725370 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated associations between family history of diabetes (FHD) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, among people with and without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 7031 people without diabetes and 1918 people with diabetes who participated in the Dong-gu Study were included. Data on FHD in first-degree relatives (father, mother, and siblings) were obtained. Elevated HbA1c levels in people without diabetes and high HbA1c levels in people with diabetes were defined as the highest quintiles of HbA1c ≥5.9% and ≥7.9%, respectively. RESULTS In people without diabetes, the odds of elevated HbA1c levels [odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.59] were significantly greater in people with any FHD than in those without. Specifically, the odds of elevated HbA1c levels in people without diabetes with an FHD involving siblings were greater than in those without an FHD involving siblings. Additionally, in people with diabetes, the odds of high HbA1c levels (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72) were greater in people with any FHD than in those without such history. Moreover, people with diabetes with maternal FHD had increased odds of high HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION FHD was associated not only with high HbA1c levels in people with diabetes, but also with elevated HbA1c levels in people without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Min Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - So Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea.
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Hu C, Jia W. Diabetes in China: Epidemiology and Genetic Risk Factors and Their Clinical Utility in Personalized Medication. Diabetes 2018; 67:3-11. [PMID: 29263166 DOI: 10.2337/dbi17-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has rapidly increased over recent decades, and T2D has become a leading public health challenge in China. Compared with European descents, Chinese patients with T2D are diagnosed at a relatively young age and low BMI. A better understanding of the factors contributing to the diabetes epidemic is crucial for determining future prevention and intervention programs. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors contribute substantially to the development of T2D. To date, more than 100 susceptibility loci for T2D have been identified. Individually, most T2D genetic variants have a small effect size (10-20% increased risk for T2D per risk allele); however, a genetic risk score that combines multiple T2D loci could be used to predict the risk of T2D and to identify individuals who are at a high risk. Furthermore, individualized antidiabetes treatment should be a top priority to prevent complications and mortality. In this article, we review the epidemiological trends and recent progress in the understanding of T2D genetic etiology and further discuss personalized medicine involved in the treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Metabolic Disease, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Developmental origins of type 2 diabetes: a perspective from China. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:870-880. [PMID: 28378847 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a marked increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Asia, including China, over the last few decades. While the increased prevalence of diabetes has often been attributed to the nutritional transition associated with recent economic development, emerging data suggest that early-life exposures also play a major role in shaping developmental trajectories, and contributes to alter an individual's susceptibility to diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Early-life exposures such as in utero exposure to undernutrition has been consistently linked with later risk of diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, in utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia, maternal obesity and excess gestational weight gain are all linked with increased childhood obesity and later risk of diabetes. Emerging data have also highlighted the potential link between early-feeding practices, the role of one-carbon metabolism in metabolic programming and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with later risk of diabetes. These different developmental exposures may all be highly relevant to the current epidemic of diabetes in China. For example, the prevalence of gestational diabetes has increased markedly over the last two decades, and may contribute to the diabetes epidemic by driving macrosomia, childhood obesity and later risk of diabetes. In order to address the current burden of diabetes, a lifecourse perspective, incorporating multisectoral efforts from public health policy down to the individuals, will be needed. Several major initiatives have been launched in China as part of its national plans for NCD prevention and treatment, and the experience from these efforts would be invaluable.
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Li J, Liu S, Li S, Feng R, Na L, Chu X, Wu X, Niu Y, Sun Z, Han T, Deng H, Meng X, Xu H, Zhang Z, Qu Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Sun C. Prenatal exposure to famine and the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in adulthood across consecutive generations: a population-based cohort study of families in Suihua, China. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:221-227. [PMID: 27927634 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increased recognition that prenatal or perinatal nutrition has an effect on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, although studies that have directly examined whether the effect could be transmitted to the next generation remain sparse. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine in affecting future T2D risk in adulthood in 2 consecutive generations. DESIGN A total of 1034 families, including 2068 parents [parental generation (F1)] and 1183 offspring [offspring generation (F2)], were recruited from the Suihua rural area that was affected by the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961. Participants born between 1 October 1959 and 30 September 1961 were defined as famine exposed, and those born between 1 October 1962 and 30 September 1964 were defined as nonexposed. The F2 were classified as having 1) no parent exposed to famine, 2) only a mother exposed to famine, 3) only a father exposed to famine, or 4) both parents exposed to famine. Classical risk factors for T2D as well as fasting-glucose- and oral-glucose-tolerance tests were measured in both the F1 and F2. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to famine was associated with elevated risks of hyperglycemia (multivariable-adjusted OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.48) and T2D (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.54) in adulthood in F1. Furthermore, compared with the offspring of nonexposed parents, the F2 with exposed parents- especially both exposed parents-had increased hyperglycemia risk (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.66) in adulthood. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to famine remarkably increases hyperglycemia risk in 2 consecutive generations of Chinese adults independent of known T2D risk factors, which supports the notion that prenatal nutrition plays an important role in the development of T2D across consecutive generations of Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-ECH-13003644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and.,Departments of Epidemiology and.,Medicine, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology and.,Medicine, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Songtao Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Rennan Feng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Lixin Na
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xia Chu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Yucun Niu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Zongxiang Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xing Meng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Huan Xu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Qiannuo Qu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Lu H, Shen Y, Chen R, Fang P, Du X, Bao Y, Wang C, Jia W. Prevalence and risk of diabetes based on family history in the Shanghai High-Risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) study. Diabet Med 2016; 33:1705-1711. [PMID: 26511673 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the prevalence and risk of diabetes based on family history in high-risk subjects and also to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in these subjects. METHODS Data were analysed from 9756 participants in the Shanghai High-Risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) Project. Family history of diabetes was classified according to parental and sibling diabetes status. The prevalence and odds ratios were calculated for each grouping after adjusting for other risk factors. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test-derived indices that were validated by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic clamps. RESULTS A total of 30.4% of the subjects had a family history of diabetes in a first-degree relative. The proportions of subjects with a father, mother or sibling with diabetes were 7.5, 11.9 and 5.5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of diabetes in subjects with sibling history, maternal history or paternal history of diabetes were 39.3, 38.3 and 36.4%, respectively. Sibling history was a strong risk factor for diabetes (odds ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.27-1.84; P < 0.05). Insulin secretion was significantly lower in those with a maternal or sibling history of diabetes; however, insulin sensitivity was not significantly different among subjects with a family history of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Sibling history of diabetes was more strongly associated with diabetes risk than parental history among high-risk subjects. Subjects with a sibling or maternal history of diabetes had significantly lower insulin secretion. Sibling history is an important and independent risk factor for diabetes even among multi-risk populations. Those with a sibling history of diabetes warrant intensive care and follow-up screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - H Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - H Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Shen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - R Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - P Fang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - X Du
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Bao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - W Jia
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes, Shanghai, China
- The Metabolic Diseases Biobank, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Centre of Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai, China
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Wang C, Yatsuya H, Tamakoshi K, Toyoshima H, Wada K, Li Y, Hilawe EH, Uemura M, Chiang C, Zhang Y, Otsuka R, Ota A, Hirakawa Y, Aoyama A. Association between parental history of diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus differs according to the sex of the parent and offspring's body weight: A finding from a Japanese worksite-based cohort study. Prev Med 2015; 81:49-53. [PMID: 26257371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in the association of parental history of diabetes with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the offspring according to the sex of the parent and the offspring's body weight. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 4446 middle-aged non-diabetic Japanese men and women were followed in Aichi Prefecture, central Japan, from 2002 to 2011. Subjects were categorized by their self-reported parental history of diabetes ("no parental history," "father only," "mother only," and "both"). The association of parental history of diabetes and incidence in the offspring was examined according to overweight status adjusted for age, sex, birth weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, total energy intake, body mass index, and number of metabolic syndrome components. RESULTS During follow-up (median 8.9 years), 277 subjects developed T2DM. Parental history of diabetes was positively associated with T2DM incidence. However, stratified analysis by overweight status revealed that only maternal history was associated with increased T2DM incidence in non-overweight subjects (hazard ratio=2.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.41-3.91). While in overweight subjects, paternal history was significantly associated with higher T2DM incidence (hazard ratio=1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-3.28). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that parental history of diabetes mellitus is associated with the incidence of T2DM in offspring differently according to the sex of the affected parent and the offspring's body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Wang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Koji Tamakoshi
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University School of Health Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideaki Toyoshima
- Education and Clinical Research Training Center, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuanying Li
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Esayas Haregot Hilawe
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayu Uemura
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chifa Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Section of Longitudinal Study of Aging, National Institute for Longevity Sciences (NILS-LSA), National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirakawa
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuko Aoyama
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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