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Meloche M, Pilon MO, Provost S, Leclair G, Oussaïd E, St-Jean I, Jutras M, Gaulin MJ, Lemieux Perreault LP, Valois D, Mongrain I, Busseuil D, Rouleau JL, Tardif JC, Dubé MP, de Denus S. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Oxypurinol Concentrations in Patients Treated with Allopurinol. J Pers Med 2024; 14:649. [PMID: 38929870 PMCID: PMC11204675 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cohort studies have identified several genetic determinants that could predict the clinical response to allopurinol. However, they have not been commonly used for genome-wide investigations to identify genetic determinants on allopurinol metabolism and concentrations. We conducted a genome-wide association study of a prior cross-sectional investigation of patients from the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank undergoing allopurinol therapy. Four endpoints were investigated, namely plasma concentrations of oxypurinol, the active metabolite of allopurinol, allopurinol, and allopurinol-riboside, as well as allopurinol daily dosing. A total of 439 participants (mean age 69.4 years; 86.4% male) taking allopurinol (mean daily dose 194.5 mg) and who had quantifiable oxypurinol concentrations were included in the genome-wide analyses. Participants presented with multiple comorbidities and received concomitant cardiovascular medications. No association achieved the predefined genome-wide threshold values for any of the endpoints (all p > 5 × 10-8). Our results are consistent with prior findings regarding the difficulty in identifying genetic determinants of drug concentrations or pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and its metabolites, as well as allopurinol daily dosing. Given the size of this genome-wide study, collaborative investigations involving larger and diverse cohorts may be required to further identify pharmacogenomic determinants of allopurinol and measure their clinical relevance to personalize allopurinol therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Meloche
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Marc-Olivier Pilon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Sylvie Provost
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Essaïd Oussaïd
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Isabelle St-Jean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Martin Jutras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Gaulin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Lemieux Perreault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Diane Valois
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Ian Mongrain
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - David Busseuil
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jean-Lucien Rouleau
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon de Denus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada (D.B.)
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
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Wei W, Ma S, Fu B, Song R, Guo H. Human-specific insights into candidate genes and boosted discoveries of novel loci illuminate roles of neuroglia in reading disorders. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e12899. [PMID: 38752599 PMCID: PMC11097622 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Reading disorders (RD) are human-specific neuropsychological conditions associated with decoding printed words and/or reading comprehension. So far only a handful of candidate genes segregated in families and 42 loci from genome-wide association study (GWAS) have been identified that jointly provided little clues of pathophysiology. Leveraging human-specific genomic information, we critically assessed the RD candidates for the first time and found substantial human-specific features within. The GWAS candidates (i.e., population signals) were distinct from the familial counterparts and were more likely pleiotropic in neuropsychiatric traits and to harbor human-specific regulatory elements (HSREs). Candidate genes associated with human cortical morphology indeed showed human-specific expression in adult brain cortices, particularly in neuroglia likely regulated by HSREs. Expression levels of candidate genes across human brain developmental stages showed a clear pattern of uplifted expression in early brain development crucial to RD development. Following the new insights and loci pleiotropic in cognitive traits, we identified four novel genes from the GWAS sub-significant associations (i.e., FOXO3, MAPT, KMT2E and HTT) and the Semaphorin gene family with functional priors (i.e., SEMA3A, SEMA3E and SEMA5B). These novel genes were related to neuronal plasticity and disorders, mostly conserved the pattern of uplifted expression in early brain development and had evident expression in cortical neuroglial cells. Our findings jointly illuminated the association of RD with neuroglia regulation-an emerging hotspot in studying neurodevelopmental disorders, and highlighted the need of improving RD phenotyping to avoid jeopardizing future genetic studies of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Hua Wei
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary CareThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Shaowei Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Children's Cognition and Digital Education and School of Foreign LanguagesLangfang Normal UniversityLangfangChina
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Data ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hui Guo
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary CareThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Wei WH, Guo H. Leveraging primate-specific genomic information for genetic studies of complex diseases. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1161167. [PMID: 37056664 PMCID: PMC10086602 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1161167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic changes specific to higher primates are regarded as primate-specific genomic information (PSI). Using PSI to inform genetic studies is highly desirable but hampered by three factors: heterogeneity among PSI studies, lack of integrated profiles of the identified PSI elements and dearth of relevant functional information. We report a database of 19,767 PSI elements collated from nine types of brain-related studies, which form 19,473 non-overlapping PSI regions that distribute unevenly but jointly cover only 0.81% of the genome. About 2.5% of the PSI regions colocalized with variants identified in genome-wide association studies, with disease loci more likely colocalized than quantitative trait loci (p = 1.6 × 10−5), particularly in regions without obvious regulatory roles. We further showed an LRP4 exemplar region with PSI elements orchestrated with common and rare disease variants and other functional elements. Our results render PSI elements as a valuable source to inform genetic studies of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Wei
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Wen-Hua Wei,
| | - Hui Guo
- Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Global status and trends in gout research from 2012 to 2021: a bibliometric and visual analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1371-1388. [PMID: 36662336 PMCID: PMC9852810 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis with an increasing prevalence and incidence across the globe. We aimed to provide a comprehensive and systematic knowledge map of gout research to determine its current status and trends over the past decade. METHODS Publications on gout research were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. Bibliometric R, VOSviewer, and Citespace were employed to analyze the eligible literature. RESULTS A total of 5535 publications concerning gout research between 2012 and 2021 were included. Most publications and citations both numerically came from China. The strongest international cooperation belonged to the USA. The University of Auckland was the most productive institution with a leading place in research collaboration. The prime funding agency was the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Most papers were published in Clinical Rheumatology. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases achieved the highest number of citations, H-index and IF, which showed the most excellent comprehensive strength. The individual author with the most paper authorship was Dalbeth Nicola with 241 publications and 46 H-index. Keywords and co-citation analysis discovered that pathological mechanism remains the future hotspot in gout research. It may involve gout connection with gut microbiota, NLRP3 inflammasome, xanthine oxidase, and urate-transporter ABCG2. In addition, besides metabolic diseases, the relationship between gout and heart failure may need more attention. CONCLUSION This study clarified the current status and research frontier in gout over the past decade, which would provide valuable research references for later researchers. Key Points •We disclosed the current status and frontier directions of gout over the past 10 years worldwide. •We identified future hotspots of gout research, including gout connection with gut microbiota, NLRP3 inflammasome, xanthine oxidase, and urate-transporter ABCG2. •We discovered that the relationship between gout and heart status would be the research frontier.
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Park JW, Noh JH, Kim JM, Lee HY, Kim KA, Park JY. Gene Dose-Dependent and Additive Effects of ABCG2 rs2231142 and SLC2A9 rs3733591 Genetic Polymorphisms on Serum Uric Acid Levels. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121192. [PMID: 36557230 PMCID: PMC9781553 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and solute carrier family 2 member 9 (SLC2A9) affect individual blood uric acid levels using pyrosequencing. ABCG2 (rs2231142, rs72552713, rs2231137), SLC2A9 (rs3734553, rs3733591, rs16890979), and individual uric acid levels were prospectively analyzed in 250 healthy young Korean male participants. Prominent differences in uric acid levels of the alleles were observed in the SLC2A9 rs3733591 polymorphism: wild-type (AA) vs. heterozygote (AG), 0.7 mg/dL (p < 0.0001); AA vs. mutant type (GG), 1.32 mg/dL (p < 0.0001); and AG vs. GG, 0.62 mg/dL (p < 0.01). In ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the statistically significant differences in uric acid levels were only found in rs2231142 between CC vs. AA (1.06 mg/dL; p < 0.001), and CC vs. CA (0.59 mg/dL; p < 0.01). Serum uric acid levels based on the ABCG2 and SLC2A9 diplotype groups were also compared. The uric acid levels were the lowest in the CC/AA diplotype and highest in the AA/AG diplotype. In addition, the SNP SLC2A9 rs3733591 tended to increase the uric acid levels when the ABCG2 rs2231142 haplotypes were fixed. In conclusion, both the ABCG2 rs2231142 and SLC2A9 rs3733591 polymorphisms may additively elevate blood uric acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Ji-Hyeon Noh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-920-6288
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Abstract
Circulation of urate levels is determined by the balance between urate production and excretion, homeostasis regulated by the function of urate transporters in key epithelial tissues and cell types. Our understanding of these physiological processes and identification of the genes encoding the urate transporters has advanced significantly, leading to a greater ability to predict risk for urate-associated diseases and identify new therapeutics that directly target urate transport. Here, we review the identified urate transporters and their organization and function in the renal tubule, the intestinal enterocytes, and other important cell types to provide a fuller understanding of the complicated process of urate homeostasis and its role in human diseases. Furthermore, we review the genetic tools that provide an unbiased catalyst for transporter identification as well as discuss the role of transporters in determining the observed significant gender differences in urate-associated disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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