Genetic association of MMP14 promoter variants and their functional significance in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer: Current status and future directions

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but aggressive cancer that often presents subtle early symptoms, leading to late-stage diagnosis. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in early detection and treatment of GBC. These improvements are driven by a better understanding of the risk factors for this malignancy and the use of new diagnostic technologies. This review systematically examines the risk factors associated with GBC, and advancements in diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies, with an aim to enhance the early diagnosis and effective management of GBC to provide a valuable reference for clinical practice.

Functional relevance of MMP2 promoter variants in gallbladder cancer: A case-control study in an Eastern Indian Population

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a prevalent and deadly form of bile duct cancer, associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the genetic factors contributing to the high incidence of GBC in certain geographical regions, particularly in the Northern and Eastern parts of India. The present case-control study focused on MMP2, a gene involved in tumor progression and metastasis, as a potential candidate in GBC pathogenesis. We scanned MMP2 promoter for twelve SNPs using Sanger's sequencing and carried out a case-control study in 300 cases and 300 control samples. We found five rare variants (rs1961998763, rs1961996235, rs1391392808, rs1488656253, and rs17859816) and one nonpolymorphic SNP (rs17859817). Our results revealed a significant association between GBC and MMP2 promoter SNPs, rs243865 (Allelic-Padjusted = 0.0353) and g.55477735G > A (Allelic-Padjusted = 9.22E-05). Moreover, the haplotype "C-C-A-C-C" exhibited a significant association with GBC (P = 4.23E-05). Genotype-phenotype correlation for variant rs243865, in the GBC patient tissue samples, established that 'T' risk allele carriers had higher expression levels of MMP2. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells revealed the probable regulatory role of rs243865 variant allele 'T' in MMP2 expression. Our study uncovers the association of MMP2 promoter SNPs with GBC and their role in regulating its expression.

Target nursing care on anxiety and depression in patients with gallbladder cancer during perioperative period

BACKGROUND

This study retrospectively investigated the effects of target nursing care (TNC) on anxiety and depression in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) during the perioperative period.

METHODS

This retrospective study analyzed the data of 80 patients with GBC during perioperative period. These records were divided into an intervention group (n = 40) or a control group (n = 40). All 80 patient records in both groups were administered routine nursing care (RNC). The patients in the intervention group also underwent TNC. The primary outcomes were depression (measured using the Hamilton Depression Scale, HAMD) and anxiety (assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAMA). The secondary outcomes were quality of life (assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) and adverse events. We collected and analyzed the outcome data before and after treatment.

RESULTS

After treatment, patients in the intervention group showed more promising effects on depression (HAMD, P < .01) and anxiety (HAMA, P < .01) than those in the control group did. However, there were no significant differences in the quality of life before and after treatment. No TNC- or RNC-associated adverse events were reported in patient records.

CONCLUSION

This study found that TNC was more effective than RNC in relieving depression and anxiety. Future studies should be conducted to validate the present findings.