1
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He Y, Zhu M, Lai X, Zhang H, Jiang W. The roles of PD-L1 in the various stages of tumor metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10189-4. [PMID: 38733457 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between tumor programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T-cell programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has long been acknowledged as a mechanism for evading immune surveillance. Recent studies, however, have unveiled a more nuanced role of tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 in reprograming tumoral phenotypes. Preclinical models emphasize the synchronized effects of both intracellular and extracellular PD-L1 in promoting metastasis, with intricate interactions with the immune system. This review aims to summarize recent findings to elucidate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and the pro-metastatic roles of PD-L1 in the entire process of tumor metastasis. For example, PD-L1 regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, facilitates the survival of circulating tumor cells, and induces the formation of immunosuppressive environments at pre-metastatic niches and metastatic sites. And the complexed and dynamic regulation process of PD-L1 for tumor metastasis is related to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression and functions from tumor primary sites to various metastatic sites. This review extends the current understandings for the roles of PD-L1 in mediating tumor metastasis and provides new insights into therapeutic decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjun He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuan Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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2
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Jha A, Alam M, Kashyap T, Nath N, Kumari A, Pramanik KK, Nagini S, Mishra R. Crosstalk between PD-L1 and Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 signaling promotes oral cancer progression, invasion and therapy resistance. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110894. [PMID: 37678027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)is an antitumor immunity molecule and a great target to cure oral cancer; nonetheless, the limited success can be attributed to many complex pathways and tumor-related interferences. METHODS In the present study, 150 human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue samples, including 17 adjacent normals, 56 primary tumors, 47 invasive tumors, and 30 therapy-resistant (RT) samples, were included. The parental/cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC4/9) cells were utilized for overexpression (Jak1-3 wild type and catalytically inactive), knockdown (PD-L1 siRNA), targeting MAPK/PI3K/Jak-Stat pathways (SMIs) and checking microsomes. The expression of PD-L1, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways, survival/apoptosis, therapy resistance, and invasiveness-related molecules/their activity were determined by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, Gelatin Zymography, and MTT assay. RESULTS Advanced OSCC tumors (invasive and drug-resistance), CisR-SCC4/9 cells, and secretory exosomes (CisR-SCC4/9) were found with increased PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 mRNA/protein showed a positive correlation with different TFs (AP1 > Stat3 > c-myc > NFκB) in tumor samples. The PD-L1 expression was more influenced by Jak-Stat/ MAPK-AP1 pathways over PI3K. The ectopic expression of Jak1-3 suggests Jak2 inducted PD-L1 level over Jak1/Jak3. Finally, PD-L1 directly supports survival (Bcl-xL, Bax, cleaved caspase-3), invasion (MMP2/9), and drug-resistance (ALDH-1A1/-3A1) program in OSCC through its link with several molecules. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 was regulated mainly by the Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 pathway, and besides the routine immunological functions, it supports OSCC survival, invasion, and therapy resistance. PD-L1 can be used as an indicator of severity and can be targeted along with Jak2-Stat3/ MAPK-AP1 for a better outcome OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anjali Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kamdeo K Pramanik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Kanke, Ranchi 835 222, Jharkhand, India.
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3
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Dong Y, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu S. Targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway: Cancer immunotherapy and drug repurposing. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115513. [PMID: 37741251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune effector cells in the microenvironment tend to be depleted or remodeled, unable to perform normal functions, and even promote the malignant characterization of tumors, resulting in the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironments. The strategy of reversing immunosuppressive microenvironment has been widely used to enhance the tumor immunotherapy effect. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was found to be a crucial regulator of immunosuppressive microenvironment formation and activation as well as a factor, stimulating tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasiveness and metastasis. Therefore, regulating the immune microenvironment by targeting the STAT3 oncogenic pathway might be a new cancer therapy strategy. This review discusses the pleiotropic effects of STAT3 on immune cell populations that are critical for tumorigenesis, and introduces the novel strategies targeting STAT3 oncogenic pathway for cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we summarize the conventional drugs used in new STAT3-targeting anti-tumor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Dong
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 1 Xiyuan Playground, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songjiang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No.26, Heping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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4
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Ladjevac N, Milovanovic M, Jevtovic A, Arsenijevic D, Stojanovic B, Dimitrijevic Stojanovic M, Stojanovic B, Arsenijevic N, Arsenijevic A, Milovanovic J. The Role of IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9874. [PMID: 37373022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the inflammatory mechanisms underlying formation and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is crucial for discovering new targeted therapeutics. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 has proven roles in tumor formation, growth, and metastasis. The presence of IL-17 is demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo models, and in OSCC patients, is mostly accompanied by enhanced proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. Here we review the known facts regarding the role of IL-17 in OSCC pathogenesis, namely the IL-17 mediated production of proinflammatory mediators that mobilize and activate myeloid cells with suppressive and proangiogenic activities and proliferative signals that directly induce proliferation of cancer cells and stem cells. The possibility of a potential IL-17 blockade in OSCC therapy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Ladjevac
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital Uzice, 31000 Uzice, Serbia
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andra Jevtovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Dimitrijevic Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojan Stojanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Histology end Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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5
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Arnesen S, Polaski J, Blanchard Z, Osborne K, Welm A, O’Connell R, Gertz J. Estrogen receptor alpha mutations regulate gene expression and cell growth in breast cancer through microRNAs. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad027. [PMID: 37275275 PMCID: PMC10233889 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ER) mutations occur in up to 30% of metastatic ER-positive breast cancers. Recent data has shown that ER mutations impact the expression of thousands of genes not typically regulated by wildtype ER. While the majority of these altered genes can be explained by constant activity of mutant ER or genomic changes such as altered ER binding and chromatin accessibility, as much as 33% remain unexplained, indicating the potential for post-transcriptional effects. Here, we explored the role of microRNAs in mutant ER-driven gene regulation and identified several microRNAs that are dysregulated in ER mutant cells. These differentially regulated microRNAs target a significant portion of mutant-specific genes involved in key cellular processes. When the activity of microRNAs is altered using mimics or inhibitors, significant changes are observed in gene expression and cellular proliferation related to mutant ER. An in-depth evaluation of miR-301b led us to discover an important role for PRKD3 in the proliferation of ER mutant cells. Our findings show that microRNAs contribute to mutant ER gene regulation and cellular effects in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Arnesen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob T Polaski
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zannel Blanchard
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kyle S Osborne
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryan M O’Connell
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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6
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Cui B, Liu Y, Chen J, Chen H, Feng Y, Zhang P. Small molecule inhibitor CRT0066101 inhibits cytokine storm syndrome in a mouse model of lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110240. [PMID: 37182445 PMCID: PMC10181585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs induced by pathogenic microorganisms, immune damage, physical and chemical factors, and other factors, and the latest outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia is also an acute lung injury (ALI) induced by viral infection. However, there are currently no effective treatments for inflammatory cytokine storms in patients with ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Protein kinase D (PKD) is a highly active kinase that has been shown to be associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, small-molecule compounds that inhibit PKD may be potential drugs for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the small-molecule inhibitor CRT0066101 to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production through in vitro cell experiments and a mouse pneumonia model. We found that CRT0066101 significantly reduced the protein and mRNA levels of LPS-induced cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). CRT0066101 inhibited MyD88 and TLR4 expression and reduced NF-κB, ERK, and JNK phosphorylation. CRT0066101 also reduced NLRP3 activation, inhibited the assembly of the inflammasome complex, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and lung tissue damage. Taken together, our data indicate that CRT0066101 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation through the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, suggesting that CRT0066101 may have therapeutic value in acute lung injury and other MyD88-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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7
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Qiao X, Zhu L, Song R, Shang C, Guo Y. A novel oncogene trigger transposable element derived-1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via evoking immune inhibition. Mol Carcinog 2023. [PMID: 37144838 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) globally. Its incidence rate is rapidly increasing, and its 5-year survival rate remains at 50%, despite advances in medical science. Trigger transposable element-derived 1 (TIGD1) has been found to be upregulated in various cancer types. However, its biological function in OSCC requires further investigation. We searched the Cancer Genome Atlas database using CIBERSORT and TIMER 2.0 to predict the significance of TIGD1 and evaluate its effect on immune cell infiltration. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological functions of TIGD1. Gain/loss of function techniques were used to explore the biological behavior of TIGD1 in Cal27 and HSC4 cells. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect dendritic cell markers in an OSCC and dendritic cell co-culture model. Our results show that TIGD1 is upregulated significantly in OSCC and is closely associated with tumor progression and prognosis. TIGD1 functions as an oncogene by increasing cells proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cell invasion and migration. TIGD1 is also involved in tumor immune cell infiltration. Its overexpression can inhibit dendritic cell maturation, leading to immune suppression and tumor progression. High TIGD1 expression, which promotes OSCC progression, might be related to decreased dendritic cell maturation and activation. These findings suggest that TIGD1-specific small interfering RNA synthesized in vitro could be a new target for OSCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongbo Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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8
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Shi F, Huang X, Hong Z, Lu N, Huang X, Liu L, Liang T, Bai X. Improvement strategy for immune checkpoint blockade: A focus on the combination with immunogenic cell death inducers. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216167. [PMID: 37031916 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have yielded promising outcomes in various malignant tumors by blocking specific immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4. However, only a few patients respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapy because of the poor immunogenicity of tumor cells and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic agents, including oxaliplatin and doxorubicin, not only mediate direct cytotoxicity in tumor cells but also induce immunogenic cancer cell death to stimulate a powerful anti-cancer immune response in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in cancer combination therapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors plus immunogenic cell death inducers. Despite some clinical failures and challenges, immunogenic cell death inducers have displayed great potential when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for anti-cancer treatment in both preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukang Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhengtao Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingyue Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Zheng J, Lin C, Lee H, Chang W, Li L, Su C, Lee K, Chiu H, Lin Y. AIM2 upregulation promotes metastatic progression and PD-L1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:306-320. [PMID: 36104978 PMCID: PMC9807530 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis leading to the dysfunction of invaded organs is the main cause of the reduced survival rates in lung cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism for lung cancer metastasis remains unclear. Recently, the increased activity of inflammasome appeared to correlate with the metastatic progression and immunosuppressive ability of various cancer types. Our results showed that the mRNA levels of absence in melanoma 2 (AIM2), one of the inflammasome members, are extensively upregulated in primary tumors compared with normal tissues derived from the TCGA lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) database. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that a higher mRNA level of AIM2 refers to a poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Particularly, AIM2 upregulation is closely correlated with smoking history and the absence of EGFR/KRAS/ALK mutations in LUAD. We further showed that the endogenous mRNA levels of AIM2 are causally associated with the metastatic potentials of the tested LUAD cell lines. AIM2 knockdown suppressed but overexpression promoted the migration ability and lung colony-forming ability of tested LUAD cells. In addition, we found that AIM2 upregulation is closely associated with an increased level of immune checkpoint gene set, as well as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) transcript, in TCGA LUAD samples. AIM2 knockdown predominantly repressed but overexpression enhanced PD-L1 expression via altering the activity of PD-L1 transcriptional regulators NF-κB/STAT1 in LUAD cells. Our results not only provide a possible mechanism underlying the AIM2-promoted metastatic progression and immune evasion of LUAD but also offer a new strategy for combating metastatic/immunosuppressive LUAD via targeting AIM2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Quan Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Che‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsun‐Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Dizziness and Balance Disorder Center, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Ming Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Li‐Jie Li
- Ph.D. Program of School of Dentistry, College of Oral MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yi Su
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kang‐Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui‐Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan,TMU Research Center of Urology and KidneyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yuan‐Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Cheng Y, Chen J, Shi Y, Fang X, Tang Z. MAPK Signaling Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194625. [PMID: 36230547 PMCID: PMC9563402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 95% of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases. It is highly malignant and aggressive, with a poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of <50%. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have been performed on the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in oral cancer. The MAPK signaling pathway is activated in over 50% of human oral cancer cases. Herein, we review research progress on the MAPK signaling pathway and its potential therapeutic mechanisms and discuss its molecular targeting to explore its potential as a therapeutic strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaodan Fang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (Z.T.)
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Xu L, Li J, Tursun M, Hai Y, Tursun H, Mamtimin B, Hasim A. Receptor for activated C kinase 1 promotes cervical cancer lymph node metastasis via the glycolysis‑dependent AKT/mTOR signaling. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:83. [PMID: 35616137 PMCID: PMC9162043 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), an aggressive form of squamous cell carcinoma, is characterized by early-stage lymph node metastasis and an extremely poor prognosis. The authors have previously demonstrated that patients with CC have aberrant glycolysis. The upregulation of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is associated with CC lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, its role in mediating aerobic glycolysis in CC LNM remains unclear. In the present study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed a significant association between RACK1 expression and the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Additionally, RACK1 knockdown inhibited aerobic glycolysis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro and suppressed CC LNM in vivo. Furthermore, protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was identified as a critical RACK1-regulated pathway that increased lymphangiogenesis in CC. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis revealed that RACK1 activated AKT/mTOR signaling by interacting with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). POU class 2 homeobox 2 (POU2F2) bound to the RACK1 promoter and regulated its transcription, thereby functionally contributing to glycolysis and lymphangiogenesis in CC. Of note, the admin-istration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which attenuates glycolysis, inhibited RACK1-induced lymphangiogenesis in CC. The correlations between RACK1, IGF1R, POU2F2 and hexokinase 2 were further confirmed in CC tissues. Thus, RACK1 plays a crucial role in CC tumor LNM by regulating glycolysis via IGF1R/AKT/mTOR signaling. Thus, the targeting of the POU2F2/RACK1/IGF1R/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may provide a novel treatment strategy for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Mikrban Tursun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Hatila Tursun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Batur Mamtimin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Ayshamgul Hasim
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University and Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
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12
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Cooke M, Kazanietz MG. Overarching roles of diacylglycerol signaling in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo0264. [PMID: 35412850 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is generated in response to extracellular stimuli and channels intracellular signals that affect mammalian cell proliferation, survival, and motility. DAG exerts a myriad of biological functions through protein kinase C (PKC) and other effectors, such as protein kinase D (PKD) isozymes and small GTPase-regulating proteins (such as RasGRPs). Imbalances in the fine-tuned homeostasis between DAG generation by phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes and termination by DAG kinases (DGKs), as well as dysregulation in the activity or abundance of DAG effectors, have been widely associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. DAG is also a key orchestrator of T cell function and thus plays a major role in tumor immunosurveillance. In addition, DAG pathways shape the tumor ecosystem by arbitrating the complex, dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the immune landscape, hence representing powerful modifiers of immune checkpoint and adoptive T cell-directed immunotherapy. Exploiting the wide spectrum of DAG signals from an integrated perspective could underscore meaningful advances in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lv D, Chen J, Kang Y, Luo M, Chen H, Cui B, Wang L, Wang J, Zhou X, Feng Y, Huang L, Zhang P. Protein Kinase D3 Promotes the Reconstruction of OSCC Immune Escape Niche Via Regulating MHC-I and Immune Inhibit Molecules Expression. J Immunother 2021; 44:339-347. [PMID: 34545012 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) has been involved in various aspects of tumorigenesis and progression in many kinds of cancer types. However, whether PKD3 regulates immune escape in tumor microenvironment is rarely reported. Here, we explored the function and mechanism of PKD3 in reconstructing the immune escape niche of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Both the Western blotting analysis in OSCC cells and the gene expression correlation analysis from The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that the expression of Fas and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was positively correlated with PKD3, while major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) was negatively correlated with PKD3. Knockdown of PKD3 significantly decreased the expression of Fas and PD-L1 and increased the expression of MHC-I. Furthermore, when PKD3 was overexpressed in oral precancerous cells, Fas, PD-L1, and MHC-I showed an opposite trend to that observed when PKD3 was knocked down. In addition, PKD3 knockdown decreased the secretion of transforming growth factor β, CC-chemokine ligand 21, interleukin-10 by OSCC cells. Finally, the tumor cell antigen, which was extracted from PKD3 knockdown OSCC cells, significantly induced the growth and activation of T lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that PKD3 promotes the immune escape of OSCC cells by regulating the expression of Fas, PD-L1, MHC-I, transforming growth factor β, CC-chemokine ligand 21, interleukin-10, and plays a key role in reconstructing the tumor immune escape niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
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Inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 impede the proliferation of receptor positive and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2923-2933. [PMID: 34185141 PMCID: PMC8397671 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and missing systemic therapeutic approaches beside chemotherapy. Targeting the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 showed promising results in breast cancer and especially in TNBC. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is an important driver of carcinogenesis. Here, the effect of combined PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment is investigated of cell growth and intracellular impact of breast cancer cell lines. METHODS The IC50 values of each inhibitor and the effect of combined treatment were determined in three TNBC cell lines of different subtypes and one non-TNBC cell line. Phospho-specific antibodies were used in western blot analyses to investigate an effect on ERK1/2 activation. Expressions of immune modulatory and cell cycle-associated genes were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS Both inhibitors PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 impeded the proliferation of TNBC to a higher extent than of non-TNBC. By combined treatment, cell lines were inhibited either synergistically or additively. ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation were reduced and expressions of c-Fos and FosL were diminished after ERK1/2 inhibitor as single and combined treatment. Between genes involved in immune modulation, IL-8 was upregulated in TNBC cells after combined treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 inhibitors showed favorable effects for a new therapy strategy, with better results in TNBC cell lines than in non-TNBC cells. The effects have to be validated in models that can reflect the interaction between immune and tumor cells like the situation in the tumor micro-environment.
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