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Sun K, Zhang C, Mao Z, Wang C, Zhu H, Sun H, Wang K, Cheng W. Clinical characteristics of neonatal and infant osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: a multicenter retrospective study. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:430-437. [PMID: 38642591 PMCID: PMC11331240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis in neonates and infants are often nonspecific and early-stage bone infections in infants may often go unnoticed. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of newborns and infants with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis to improve understanding of the disorder and to assist clinicians with diagnosis. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on neonates (0-28 days old, n = 94) and infants (1-12 months old, n = 415) with osteoarticular infections. Data consisting of clinical characteristics, complications, laboratory outcomes, and the pathogenic microorganisms causing osteomyelitis were tabulated. The statistics were further broken down into two regions and the significant differences between neonates and infants were evaluated and compared to the literature. RESULTS Compared to infants, neonates had significantly lower incidences of fever (p < 0.0001), higher incidences of localized swelling (p = 0.0021), higher rate of infection at the humerus (p = 0.0016), higher percentage of Escherichia coli (p < 0.0001) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (p = 0.0039) infections, lower percentage of Staphylococcus aureus infections (p < 0.0001) and were more likely to develop septic arthritis (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Distinct differences were found between neonatal and infants with osteoarticular infections. Future studies should focus on improving diagnosis and subsequent treatment regimens for younger age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Sun
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunxu Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ziwen Mao
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Hebei Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Hebei Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Hebei Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Krzysztofiak A, Roversi M, Musolino A, Cirillo M, Toniolo RM, Mazza O, Gargiullo L, Lancella L, Rossi P, Villani A. Clinical report and predictors of sequelae of 319 cases of pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14846. [PMID: 36050441 PMCID: PMC9437046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric osteomyelitis is an insidious disease that can lead to permanent sequelae, the management of which still relies on lengthy intravenous antibiotic therapy. The purpose of this study is to report and describe the clinical course and outcome of pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis in our experience. We reported the clinical, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics of all cases of osteomyelitis in children younger than 18 years of age who were hospitalized between January 2010 and December 2021 at the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital in Rome, Italy, we compared patients with and without complications at follow-up, to identify any predictive factor for sequelae. The study sample included 319 cases of pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis. The median age was 7.77 years. Males (60.8%) were more affected than females. The most affected bones were the femur, tibia, and spine. Etiology was identified in 40.1% of cases, with S.aureus as the most common causative agent. Sequelae were reported in 43 cases (13.5%). The main predictors of sequelae were sepsis on admission and hypergammaglobulinemia. Our results show that a severe presentation with sepsis and hypergammaglobulinemia on admission may be associated with a higher frequency of late sequelae. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of this subgroup of patients may lead to a reduction in complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Krzysztofiak
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Roversi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Musolino
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cirillo
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Maria Toniolo
- Traumatology Unit, Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Mazza
- Spine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery and Transplantations, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Gargiullo
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Lancella
- Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Krzysztofiak A, Chiappini E, Venturini E, Gargiullo L, Roversi M, Montagnani C, Bozzola E, Chiurchiu S, Vecchio D, Castagnola E, Tomà P, Rossolini GM, Toniolo RM, Esposito S, Cirillo M, Cardinale F, Novelli A, Beltrami G, Tagliabue C, Boero S, Deriu D, Bianchini S, Grandin A, Bosis S, Ciarcià M, Ciofi D, Tersigni C, Bortone B, Trippella G, Nicolini G, Lo Vecchio A, Giannattasio A, Musso P, Serrano E, Marchisio P, Donà D, Garazzino S, Pierantoni L, Mazzone T, Bernaschi P, Ferrari A, Gattinara GC, Galli L, Villani A. Italian consensus on the therapeutic management of uncomplicated acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:179. [PMID: 34454557 PMCID: PMC8403408 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHOM) is an insidious infection of the bone that more frequently affects young males. The etiology, mainly bacterial, is often related to the patient's age, but it is frequently missed, owing to the low sensitivity of microbiological cultures. Thus, the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers and imaging usually guide the diagnosis and follow-up of the infection. The antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated AHOM, on the other hand, heavily relies upon the clinician experience, given the current lack of national guidelines for the management of this infection. METHODS A systematic review of the studies on the empirical treatment of uncomplicated AHOM in children published in English or Italian between January 1, 2009, and March 31, 2020, indexed on Pubmed or Embase search engines, was carried out. All guidelines and studies reporting on non-bacterial or complicated or post-traumatic osteomyelitis affecting newborns or children older than 18 years or with comorbidities were excluded from the review. All other works were included in this study. RESULTS Out of 4576 articles, 53 were included in the study. Data on different topics was gathered and outlined: bone penetration of antibiotics; choice of intravenous antibiotic therapy according to the isolated or suspected pathogen; choice of oral antibiotic therapy; length of treatment and switch to oral therapy; surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic management of osteomyelitis is still object of controversy. This study reports the first Italian consensus on the management of uncomplicated AHOM in children of pediatric osteomyelitis, based on expert opinions and a vast literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Krzysztofiak
- Paediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Chiappini
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venturini
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Livia Gargiullo
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Roversi
- Paediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Montagnani
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzola
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Chiurchiu
- Paediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Tomà
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Maria Toniolo
- Surgery Department, Traumatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Cirillo
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency, Pediatric Allergy and Pulmunology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria "Consorziale-Policlinico", Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Novelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Beltrami
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Tagliabue
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Boero
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, IRCCS Istituto 'Giannina Gaslini', Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Deriu
- Paediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Bianchini
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grandin
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Bosis
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ciarcià
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Ciofi
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Bortone
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Trippella
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paola Musso
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Serrano
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Donà
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Garazzino
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Pierantoni
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bernaschi
- Microbiology Unit, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Galli
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Emergency, Acceptance and General Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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