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Li X, Deng Z, Lu W. Mechanistic study of the effect of flexible fixation and load-bearing stress environment on fracture healing and shaping. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38978345 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomechanical environment created by suture-button fixation Latarjet is conducive to the healing and shaping of the transplanted coracoid, but its mechanism remains unclear. The latest research has found that the absence of stem cell chemokine (CXCL12) impeded bone regeneration in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-deficient animals. However, whether the biomechanical environment affects SHH and CXCL12 function has not been studied. METHODS Rat fracture models were constructed to simulate stress environments under non-load-bearing and load-bearing conditions. The fracture healing and shaping, as well as the expression levels of SHH and CXCL12, were assessed through gross viewing, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histochemical staining. RESULTS Under flexible fixation, the relative bone volume (BV/TV) of rats exposed to the load-bearing stress environment was significantly higher than that of rats under a non-load-bearing stress environment (p ≤ 0.05). Adverse bone shaping was not observed in rats subjected to flexible fixation. The levels of SHH and CXCL12 in load-bearing rats exhibited significant elevation (p ≤ 0.05). Under a load-bearing stress environment, no significant difference was observed in the BV/TV between the flexible fixation group and the rigid fixation group (p ≥ 0.05), but there was excessive hyperplasia of the fracture callus in the rigid fixation group. The levels of SHH and CXCL12 in rats subjected to rigid fixation were significantly elevated (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Flexible fixation and load-bearing stress environment may contribute to bone healing and shaping by influencing the levels of SHH and CXCL12, suggested that this mechanism may be relevant to the healing and shaping of the transplanted coracoid after suture-button fixation Latarjet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfu Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Dufrancais O, Verdys P, Métais A, Juzans M, Sanchez T, Bergert M, Plozza M, Halper J, Panebianco CJ, Mascarau R, Gence R, Arnaud G, Neji MB, Maridonneau-Parini I, Cabec VL, Boerckel JD, Pavlos NJ, Diz-Muñoz A, Lagarrigue F, Blin-Wakkach C, Carréno S, Poincloux R, Burkhardt JK, Raynaud-Messina B, Vérollet C. Moesin activation controls bone resorption and tunneling nanotube-dependent osteoclast fusion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593799. [PMID: 38798563 PMCID: PMC11118517 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells unique in their ability to resorb bone. Osteoclastogenesis involves several steps of actin-driven rearrangements that participate not only in the cell-cell fusion process, but also in the formation of the sealing zone, the adhesive structure determining the resorption area. Despite the importance of these actin cytoskeleton-based processes, their precise mechanisms of regulation are still poorly characterized. Here, we found that moesin, a member of the Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (ERM) protein family, is activated during osteoclast maturation and plays an instrumental role for both osteoclast fusion and function. In mouse and human osteoclast precursors, moesin is negatively regulated to potentiate their ability to fuse and degrade bone. Accordingly, we demonstrated that moesin depletion decreases membrane-to-cortex attachment and enhances formation of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), F-actin-containing intercellular bridges that we revealed to trigger osteoclast fusion. In addition, via a β3-integrin/RhoA/SLK pathway and independently of its role in fusion, moesin regulates the number and organization of sealing zones in mature osteoclast, and thus participates in the control of bone resorption. Supporting these findings, we found that moesin-deficient mice are osteopenic with a reduced density of trabecular bones and increased osteoclast abundance and activity. These findings provide a better understanding of the regulation of osteoclast biology, and open new opportunities to specifically target osteoclast activity in bone disease therapy.
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Halász H, Tárnai V, Matkó J, Nyitrai M, Szabó-Meleg E. Cooperation of Various Cytoskeletal Components Orchestrates Intercellular Spread of Mitochondria between B-Lymphoma Cells through Tunnelling Nanotubes. Cells 2024; 13:607. [PMID: 38607046 PMCID: PMC11011538 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane nanotubes (NTs) are dynamic communication channels connecting spatially separated cells even over long distances and promoting the transport of different cellular cargos. NTs are also involved in the intercellular spread of different pathogens and the deterioration of some neurological disorders. Transport processes via NTs may be controlled by cytoskeletal elements. NTs are frequently observed membrane projections in numerous mammalian cell lines, including various immune cells, but their functional significance in the 'antibody factory' B cells is poorly elucidated. Here, we report that as active channels, NTs of B-lymphoma cells can mediate bidirectional mitochondrial transport, promoted by the cooperation of two different cytoskeletal motor proteins, kinesin along microtubules and myosin VI along actin, and bidirectional transport processes are also supported by the heterogeneous arrangement of the main cytoskeletal filament systems of the NTs. We revealed that despite NTs and axons being different cell extensions, the mitochondrial transport they mediate may exhibit significant similarities. Furthermore, we found that microtubules may improve the stability and lifespan of B-lymphoma-cell NTs, while F-actin strengthens NTs by providing a structural framework for them. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the major cells of humoral immune response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Halász
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Tárnai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - János Matkó
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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4
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Medina LY, Serda RE. Intercellular Communication Through Microtubular Highways. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:155-171. [PMID: 39242379 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are open-ended, membrane-encased extensions that connect neighboring cells. They have diameters up to 1 μm but are able to expand to convey large cargos. Lengths vary depending on the distance of the cells but have been reported to be capable of extending beyond 300 μm. They have actin cytoskeletons that are essential for their formation, and may or may not have microtubule networks. It is thought that thin TNTs lack microtubules, while thicker TNTs have microtubular highways that use motor proteins to convey materials, including proteins, mitochondria, and nanoparticles between cells. Specifically, the presence of dynein and myosin support trafficking of cargo in both directions. The purpose of these connections is to enable cells to work as a unit or to extend cell life by diluting cytotoxic agents or acquiring biological material needed to survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorél Y Medina
- Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rita E Serda
- Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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5
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Rey-Barroso J, Dufrançais O, Vérollet C. Tunneling Nanotubes in Myeloid Cells: Perspectives for Health and Infectious Diseases. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:419-434. [PMID: 39242388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are cellular connections, which represent a novel route for cell-to-cell communication. Strong evidence points to a role for TNTs in the intercellular transfer of signals, molecules, organelles, and pathogens, involving them in many cellular functions. In myeloid cells (e.g., monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts), intercellular communication via TNT contributes to their differentiation and immune functions, by favoring material and pathogen transfer, as well as cell fusion. This chapter addresses the complexity of the definition and characterization of TNTs in myeloid cells, the different processes involved in their formation, their existence in vivo, and finally their function(s) in health and infectious diseases, with the example of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rey-Barroso
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ophélie Dufrançais
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France.
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Xu X, Shobuike T, Shiraki M, Kamohara A, Hirata H, Murayama M, Mawatari D, Ueno M, Morimoto T, Kukita T, Mawatari M, Kukita A. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) or osteoclast zinc finger protein (OCZF) overexpression promotes osteoclast survival by increasing Bcl-xl mRNA: A novel regulatory mechanism mediated by the RNA binding protein SAM68. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1000-1010. [PMID: 36775415 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RANKL induces NFATc1, a key transcriptional factor to induce osteoclast-specific genes such as cathepsin K, whereas transcriptional control of osteoclast survival is not fully understood. Leukemia/lymphoma-related factor (LRF) in mouse and osteoclast zinc finger protein (OCZF) in rat are zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein (zBTB) family of transcriptional regulators, and are critical regulators of hematopoiesis. We have previously shown that differentiation and survival were enhanced in osteoclasts from OCZF-Transgenic (Tg) mice. In the present study, we show a possible mechanism of osteoclast survival regulated by LRF/OCZF and the role of OCZF overexpression in pathological bone loss. In the in vitro cultures, LRF was highly colocalized with NFATc1 in cells of early stage in osteoclastogenesis, but only LRF expression persisted after differentiation into mature osteoclasts. LRF expression was further enhanced in resorbing osteoclasts formed on dentin slices. Osteoclast survival inhibitor such as alendronate, a bisphosphonate reduced LRF expression. Micro CT evaluation revealed that femurs of OCZF-Tg mice showed significantly lower bone volume compared to that of WT mice. Furthermore, OCZF overexpression markedly promoted bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteolytic mouse model. The expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl mRNA, which is formed by alternative splicing, was enhanced in the cultures in which osteoclasts are formed from OCZF-Tg mice. In contrast, the expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-xs mRNA was lost in the culture derived from OCZF-Tg mice. We found that the expression levels of RNA binding splicing regulator, Src substrate associated in mitosis of 68 kDa (Sam68) protein were markedly decreased in OCZF-Tg mice-derived osteoclasts. In addition, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Sam68 expression increased the expression of Bcl-xl mRNA, suggesting that SAM68 regulates the expression of Bcl-xl. These results indicate that OCZF overexpression reduces protein levels of Sam68, thereby promotes osteoclast survival, and suggest that LRF/OCZF is a promising target for regulating pathological bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Xu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Takeo Shobuike
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Asana Kamohara
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Murayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mawatari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masaya Ueno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Morimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mawatari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- Research Center of Arthroplasty, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
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Luchetti F, Carloni S, Nasoni MG, Reiter RJ, Balduini W. Tunneling nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: New insights into the role of melatonin in neuronal recovery. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12800. [PMID: 35419879 PMCID: PMC9540876 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cell-to-cell communication is essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and the maintenance of cellular functions after injury. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a new important method of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are primarily established between stressed and unstressed cells and can transport a variety of cellular components. Mitochondria are important trafficked entities through TNTs. Transcellular mitochondria transfer permits the incorporation of healthy mitochondria into the endogenous network of recipient cells, changing the bioenergetic profile and other functional properties of the recipient and may allow the recipient cells to recuperate from apoptotic processes and return to a normal operating state. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can form TNTs and transfer mitochondria and other constituents to target cells. This occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to changes in cellular energy metabolism and functions. This review summarizes the newly described capacity of melatonin to improve mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and promote TNT formation. This new evidence suggests that melatonin's protective effects could be attributed to its ability to prevent mitochondrial damage in injured cells, reduce senescence, and promote anastasis, a natural cell recovery phenomenon that rescues cells from the brink of death. The modulation of these new routes of intercellular communication by melatonin could play a key role in increasing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyLong School of Medicine, UT HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
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