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Khazaee S, Peschel U. Enhanced second harmonic generation by an atomically thin MoS 2 sheet attached to a resonant metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5088-5094. [PMID: 38439244 DOI: 10.1364/oe.506357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have shown large second-order nonlinear responses due to their broken crystal inversion symmetry. However, their nonlinear interaction with light is restricted to an atomically thin layer. Placing a sheet of transition metal dichalcogenides on a resonant metasurface enhances the field interacting with the nonlinear material thus compensating for this shortcoming. But, it remains a challenge to tune resonances such, that they coincide with fundamental and second harmonic frequencies simultaneously. Here we demonstrate two independent methods to achieve that goal and numerically illustrate our findings for a MoS2 layer combined with silicon nitride photonic crystals. We numerically demonstrate 20-fold and 170-fold enhancement of second-harmonic generation compared with a design based on a single resonant structure. Although we focus on that specific configuration our approach can likewise be applied to other dielectrics combined with highly nonlinear 2D materials.
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2
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Ramezani G, Stiharu I, van de Ven TGM, Nerguizian V. Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose-Physical Properties. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:82. [PMID: 38258201 PMCID: PMC10819598 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in integrating two-dimensional (2D) materials with cellulose to enhance biosensing technology. The incorporation of 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, along with nanocellulose, improves the sensitivity, stability, and flexibility of biosensors. Practical applications of these advanced biosensors are explored in fields like medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This innovative approach is driving research opportunities and expanding the possibilities for diverse applications in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| | - Vahe Nerguizian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
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3
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Meng Y, Zhong H, Xu Z, He T, Kim JS, Han S, Kim S, Park S, Shen Y, Gong M, Xiao Q, Bae SH. Functionalizing nanophotonic structures with 2D van der Waals materials. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1345-1365. [PMID: 37608742 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with nanostructures has triggered a wide spectrum of optical and optoelectronic applications. Photonic structures of conventional materials typically lack efficient reconfigurability or multifunctionality. Atomically thin 2D materials can thus generate new functionality and reconfigurability for a well-established library of photonic structures such as integrated waveguides, optical fibers, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces, to name a few. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and van der Waals materials can be drastically enhanced as well by leveraging micro-cavities or resonators with high optical confinement. The unique van der Waals surfaces of the 2D materials enable handiness in transfer and mixing with various prefabricated photonic templates with high degrees of freedom, functionalizing as the optical gain, modulation, sensing, or plasmonic media for diverse applications. Here, we review recent advances in synergizing 2D materials to nanophotonic structures for prototyping novel functionality or performance enhancements. Challenges in scalable 2D materials preparations and transfer, as well as emerging opportunities in integrating van der Waals building blocks beyond 2D materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hongkun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiantian He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sunok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Seoungwoong Park
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yijie Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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4
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Zhu CY, Zhang Z, Qin JK, Wang Z, Wang C, Miao P, Liu Y, Huang PY, Zhang Y, Xu K, Zhen L, Chai Y, Xu CY. Two-dimensional semiconducting SnP 2Se 6 with giant second-harmonic-generation for monolithic on-chip electronic-photonic integration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2521. [PMID: 37130849 PMCID: PMC10154306 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties hold great promise to address the growing demand of multifunction integration in electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPICs). However, electronic-photonic co-design with 2D NLO semiconductors for on-chip telecommunication is limited by their essential shortcomings in terms of unsatisfactory optoelectronic properties, odd-even layer-dependent NLO activity and low NLO susceptibility in telecom band. Here we report the synthesis of 2D SnP2Se6, a van der Waals NLO semiconductor exhibiting strong odd-even layer-independent second harmonic generation (SHG) activity at 1550 nm and pronounced photosensitivity under visible light. The combination of 2D SnP2Se6 with a SiN photonic platform enables the chip-level multifunction integration for EPICs. The hybrid device not only features efficient on-chip SHG process for optical modulation, but also allows the telecom-band photodetection relying on the upconversion of wavelength from 1560 to 780 nm. Our finding offers alternative opportunities for the collaborative design of EPICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Zhu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zimeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing-Kai Qin
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Miao
- HORIBA Scientific, Shanghai, 205335, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liang Zhen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
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5
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Ma Y, Jiang B, Guo Y, Zhang P, Cheng T, Gan X, Zhao J. Suspended-core fiber with embedded GaSe nanosheets for second harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32438-32446. [PMID: 36242305 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an all-fiber scheme for the second harmonic generation (SHG) by embedding gallium selenide (GaSe) nanosheets into a suspended-core fiber (SCF). Based on modes analysis and theoretical calculations, the phase-matching modes from multiple optional modes in the SHG process and the optimal SCF length are determined by calculating the effective refractive index and balancing the SHG growth and transmission loss. Due to the long-distance interaction between pumped fundamental mode and GaSe nanosheets around the suspended core, an SHG signal is observed under a milliwatt-level pump light, and exhibits a quadratic growth with the increased pump power. The SHG process is also realized in a broad wavelength range by varying the pump in the range of 1420∼1700 nm. The SCF with the large air cladding and suspended core as an excellent platform can therefore be employed to integrate low-dimensional nonlinear materials, which holds great promise for the applications of all-fiber structures in new light source generating, signal processing and fiber sensing.
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Yan Z, Wang J, Wang C, Yu R, Shi L, Xiao L. Optical microfibers integrated with evanescent field triggered self-growing polymer nanofilms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:18044-18053. [PMID: 36221612 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid optical fibers have been widely investigated in different architectures to build integrated fiber photonic devices and achieve various applications. Here we proposed and fabricated hybrid microfiber waveguides with self-growing polymer nanofilms on the surfaces of microfibers triggered by evanescent field of light for the first time. We have demonstrated the polymer nanofilm of ∼50 nm can be grown on the microfiber with length up to 15 mm. In addition, the roughness of nanofilm can be optimized by controlling the triggering laser power and exposure duration, and the total transmission loss of the fabricated hybrid microfiber is less than 2 dB within a wide wavelength range. The hybrid polymer nanofilm microfiber waveguides have been characterized and their relative humidity (RH) responses have also been tested, indicating a potential for RH sensing. Our fabrication method may also be extended to construct the hybrid microfibers with different functional photopolymer materials.
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7
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Du B, Li Y, Jiang M, Zhang H, Wu L, Wen W, Liu Z, Fang Z, Yu T. Polarization-Dependent Purcell Enhancement on a Two-Dimensional h-BN/WS 2 Light Emitter with a Dielectric Plasmonic Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1649-1655. [PMID: 35107290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrating two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) into dielectric plasmonic nanostructures enables the miniaturization of on-chip nanophotonic devices. Here we report on a high-quality light emitter based on the newly designed 2D h-BN/WS2 heterostructure integrated with an array of TiO2 nanostripes. Different from a traditional strongly coupled system such as the TMDCs/metallic plasmonic nanostructure, we first employ dielectric nanocavities and achieve a Purcell enhancement on the nanoscale at room temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the light emission strength can be effectively controlled by tuning the polarization configuration. Such a polarization dependence meanwhile could be proof of the resonant energy transfer theory of dipole-dipole coupling between TMDCs and a dielectric nanostructure. This work gains experimental and simulated insights into modified spontaneous emission with dielectric nanoplasmonic platforms, presenting a promising route toward practical applications of 2D semiconducting photonic emitters on a silica-based chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Du
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Li
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lishu Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wen Wen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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8
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Liu N, Yang X, Zhu Z, Chen F, Zhou Y, Xu J, Liu K. Silicon nitride waveguides with directly grown WS 2 for efficient second-harmonic generation. NANOSCALE 2021; 14:49-54. [PMID: 34851343 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Different functions can be directly realized by silicon (Si) in integrated electronic circuits. Although Si and silicon nitride (Si3N4) photonics have shown great potential in integrated optoelectronic devices, different functions, such as light generation, transparency for guided light, and light detection, cannot be simultaneously achieved only by Si or Si3N4. Second-order nonlinearity is another optical property they do not possess due to their centrosymmetric properties. Several kinds of 2D materials emerged recently and were transferred to specified photonic devices aimed at improving their nonlinear performance. However, the transferring methods are time-consuming, unable to achieve large-scale production, and will inevitably cause materials damage and introduce impurities at the interface. Herein, we demonstrate the direct growth of large-area homogeneous monolayer WS2via a physical vapor deposition method onto Si3N4 waveguides. The WS2 growth can be controlled mainly along the Si3N4 waveguides and the waveguides show an obvious enhancement of second-harmonic generation with the elongated WS2 coverage. The direct growth of WS2 endows Si3N4 integrated photonics with new nonlinear optical properties. As an alternative method of transferring 2D materials, the method we present here is compatible with large-scale integrated photonic fabrication, which lays the foundation for on-chip integrated optical fabrication and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yangbo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jipeng Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China.
| | - Ken Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, P. R. China.
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Yue YY, Zhao LY, Han DA, Wang L, Wang HY, Gao BR, Sun HB. Trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in MoS 2 nanosheets prepared by liquid phase exfoliation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22430-22436. [PMID: 34585679 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Since excitonic quasiparticles, including excitons, trions and charges, have a great influence on the photoelectric characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), systematic explorations of the trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in 2D TMDs are important for their future optoelectronic applications. Here, broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic experiments are performed first to investigate the peak shifting and broadening kinetics in MoS2 nanosheets in solution prepared by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE-MoS2, ∼9 layers, 9L), which reveal that the binding energies for the A-, B-, and C-exciton states are ∼77 meV, ∼76 meV, and -70 meV (the energy difference between free charges and excitons; the negative sign for C-excitons means a spontaneous dissociation nature in band-nesting regions), respectively. Then, the trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in LPE-MoS2 nanosheets have been studied in detail, demonstrating that they are comparable to those in chemical vapor deposition grown MoS2 films (1L-, 3L- and 7L-MoS2). These experimental results suggest that LPE-TMD nanosheets also have the potential for use in charge-related optoelectronic devices based on 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. .,School of Management Science and Information Engineering, Jilin University of Finance and Economics, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Le-Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Dan-Ao Han
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hai-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Bing-Rong Gao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhu Y, Wang B, Li Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Torres JF, Lipiński W, Fu L, Lu Y. A High-Efficiency Wavelength-Tunable Monolayer LED with Hybrid Continuous-Pulsed Injection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101375. [PMID: 34096112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency and wavelength-tunable light-emitting diode (LED) devices will play an important role in future advanced optoelectronic systems. Traditional semiconductor LED devices typically have a fixed emission wavelength that is determined by the energy of the emission states. Here, a novel high-efficiency and wavelength-tunable monolayer WS2 LED device, which operates in the hybrid mode of continuous-pulsed injection, is developed. This hybrid injection enables highly enhanced emission efficiency (>20 times) and effective size of emission area (>5 times) at room temperature. The emission wavelength of the WS2 monolayer LED device can be tuned over more than 40 nm by driving AC voltages, from exciton emission to trion emission, and further to defect emission. The quantum efficiency of defect electroluminescence (EL) emission is measured to be more than 24.5 times larger than that from free exciton and trion EL emission. The separate carrier injection in the LED also demonstrates advantages in allowing defect species to be visualized and distinguished in real space. Those defects are assigned to be negatively charged defects. The results open a new route to develop high-performance and wavelength-tunable LED devices for future advanced optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bowen Wang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yilin Tang
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Juan F Torres
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wojciech Lipiński
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lan Fu
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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11
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Chen JH, Xiong YF, Xu F, Lu YQ. Silica optical fiber integrated with two-dimensional materials: towards opto-electro-mechanical technology. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:78. [PMID: 33854031 PMCID: PMC8046821 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the integration of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials in optical fibers have stimulated significant advances in all-fiber photonics and optoelectronics. The conventional passive silica fiber devices with 2D materials are empowered for enhancing light-matter interactions and are applied for manipulating light beams in respect of their polarization, phase, intensity and frequency, and even realizing the active photo-electric conversion and electro-optic modulation, which paves a new route to the integrated multifunctional all-fiber optoelectronic system. This article reviews the fast-progress field of hybrid 2D-materials-optical-fiber for the opto-electro-mechanical devices. The challenges and opportunities in this field for future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Chen
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yi-Feng Xiong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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12
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Hao Z, Jiang B, Hou Y, Li C, Yi R, Ji Y, Li J, Li A, Gan X, Zhao J. Continuous-wave pumped frequency upconversions in an InSe-integrated microfiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:733-736. [PMID: 33577501 DOI: 10.1364/ol.413451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the achievement of continuous-wave (CW)-pumped second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG) in a layered indium selenide (InSe)-integrated microfiber. As a result of the strong interaction between the InSe nanosheets and the evanescent field, the second-order nonlinear processes are greatly enhanced in the InSe-integrated microfiber pumped by a few milliwatt CW lasers. The experimental results reveal that the intensities of SHG and SFG are quadratic and linear dependencies with the incident pump power, respectively, which is consistent with theoretical predictions. Additionally, the SHG intensity is strongly polarization-dependent on the nonaxisymmetrical distribution of the InSe nanosheets around the microfiber, providing the possibility of the SHG-polarized manipulation. The proposed device has the potential to be integrable into all-fiber systems for nonlinear applications.
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13
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Zuo Y, Yu W, Liu C, Cheng X, Qiao R, Liang J, Zhou X, Wang J, Wu M, Zhao Y, Gao P, Wu S, Sun Z, Liu K, Bai X, Liu Z. Optical fibres with embedded two-dimensional materials for ultrahigh nonlinearity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:987-991. [PMID: 32958935 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical fibres have been employed for a vast number of applications, including optical frequency conversion, ultrafast laser and optical communication1-4. In current manufacturing technologies, nonlinearity is realized by the injection of nonlinear materials into fibres5-7 or the fabrication of microstructured fibres8-10. Both strategies, however, suffer from either low optical nonlinearity or poor design flexibility. Here, we report the direct growth of MoS2, a highly nonlinear two-dimensional material11, onto the internal walls of a SiO2 optical fibre. This growth is realized via a two-step chemical vapour deposition method, where a solid precursor is pre-deposited to guarantee a homogeneous feedstock before achieving uniform two-dimensional material growth along the entire fibre walls. By using the as-fabricated 25-cm-long fibre, both second- and third-harmonic generation could be enhanced by ~300 times compared with monolayer MoS2/silica. Propagation losses remain at ~0.1 dB cm-1 for a wide frequency range. In addition, we demonstrate an all-fibre mode-locked laser (~6 mW output, ~500 fs pulse width and ~41 MHz repetition rate) by integrating the two-dimensional-material-embedded optical fibre as a saturable absorber. Initial tests show that our fabrication strategy is amenable to other transition metal dichalcogenides, making these embedded fibres versatile for several all-fibre nonlinear optics and optoelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixi Qiao
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
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14
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Peng Z, Chen X, Fan Y, Srolovitz DJ, Lei D. Strain engineering of 2D semiconductors and graphene: from strain fields to band-structure tuning and photonic applications. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:190. [PMID: 33298826 PMCID: PMC7680797 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and graphene compose a new family of crystalline materials with atomic thicknesses and exotic mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. Due to their inherent exceptional mechanical flexibility and strength, these 2D materials provide an ideal platform for strain engineering, enabling versatile modulation and significant enhancement of their optical properties. For instance, recent theoretical and experimental investigations have demonstrated flexible control over their electronic states via application of external strains, such as uniaxial strain and biaxial strain. Meanwhile, many nondestructive optical measurement methods, typically including absorption, reflectance, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopies, can be readily exploited to quantitatively determine strain-engineered optical properties. This review begins with an introduction to the macroscopic theory of crystal elasticity and microscopic effective low-energy Hamiltonians coupled with strain fields, and then summarizes recent advances in strain-induced optical responses of 2D TMDCs and graphene, followed by the strain engineering techniques. It concludes with exciting applications associated with strained 2D materials, discussions on existing open questions, and an outlook on this intriguing emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yulong Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - David J Srolovitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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15
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Guo Q, Ou Z, Tang J, Zhang J, Lu F, Wu K, Zhang D, Zhang S, Xu H. Efficient Frequency Mixing of Guided Surface Waves by Atomically Thin Nonlinear Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7956-7963. [PMID: 33172279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides possess considerable second-order nonlinear coefficients but a limited efficiency of frequency conversion due to the short interaction length with light under the typical direct illumination. Here, we demonstrate an efficient frequency mixing of the guided surface waves on a monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) by simultaneously lifting the temporal and spatial overlap of the guided wave and the nonlinear crystal. Three orders-of-magnitude enhancement of the conversion efficiency was achieved in the counter-propagating excitation configuration. Also, the frequency-mixing signals are highly collimated, with the emission direction and polarization controlled, respectively, by the pump frequencies and the rotation angle of WS2 relative to the propagation direction of the guided waves. These results indicate that the rules of nonlinear frequency conversion are applicable even when the crystal is scaled down to the ultimate single-layer limit. This study provides a versatile platform to enhance the nonlinear optical response of 2D materials and favor the scalable generation of a coherent light source and entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengya Lu
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | | | - Douguo Zhang
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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Wang J, Li H, Ma Y, Zhao M, Liu W, Wang B, Wu S, Liu X, Shi L, Jiang T, Zi J. Routing valley exciton emission of a WS 2 monolayer via delocalized Bloch modes of in-plane inversion-symmetry-broken photonic crystal slabs. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:148. [PMID: 32884677 PMCID: PMC7442784 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The valleys of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer a new degree of freedom for information processing. To take advantage of this valley degree of freedom, on the one hand, it is feasible to control valleys by utilizing different external stimuli, such as optical and electric fields. On the other hand, nanostructures are also used to separate the valleys by near-field coupling. However, for both of the above methods, either the required low-temperature environment or low degree of coherence properties limit their further applications. Here, we demonstrate that all-dielectric photonic crystal (PhC) slabs without in-plane inversion symmetry (C2 symmetry) can separate and route valley exciton emission of a WS2 monolayer at room temperature. Coupling with circularly polarized photonic Bloch modes of such PhC slabs, valley photons emitted by a WS2 monolayer are routed directionally and are efficiently separated in the far field. In addition, far-field emissions are directionally enhanced and have long-distance spatial coherence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, China
| | - Yating Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, China
| | - Maoxiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, 410073 Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonics Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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17
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Cao S, Dong H, He J, Forsberg E, Jin Y, He S. Normal-Incidence-Excited Strong Coupling between Excitons and Symmetry-Protected Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum in Silicon Nitride-WS 2 Heterostructures at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4631-4638. [PMID: 32463697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature strong coupling between quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BIC) of a silicon nitride metasurface and excitons in a WS2 monolayer is investigated in detail by both numerical simulations and theoretical calculations. The strong coupling between the q-BIC mode and excitons leads to a remarkable spectral splitting and typical anticrossing behavior of the Rabi splitting, which can be realized in the absorption spectra by varying the grating thickness and asymmetry parameter of the silicon-nitride metasurface, respectively. In addition, both the line width of the q-BIC mode and local electric field enhancement are found to affect the strong coupling, which needs to be considered in detail in q-BIC metasurface designs. This work provides a possible way to enhance light-matter interactions in transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers and pave the way for future quantum and nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Cao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongguang Dong
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jinlong He
- College of Modern Science and Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Erik Forsberg
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sailing He
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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18
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Jiang B, Hao Z, Ji Y, Hou Y, Yi R, Mao D, Gan X, Zhao J. High-efficiency second-order nonlinear processes in an optical microfibre assisted by few-layer GaSe. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:63. [PMID: 32337027 PMCID: PMC7165163 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The centrosymmetric nature of silica fibre precludes the realisation of second-order nonlinear processes in optical fibre systems. Recently, the integration of 2D materials with optical fibres has opened up a great opportunity to develop all-fibre active devices. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in an optical microfibre assisted with few-layer gallium selenide (GaSe) nanoflakes. Attributed to the strong evanescent field of the microfibre and ultrahigh second-order nonlinearity of the GaSe nanoflakes, second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) are effectively achieved with only sub-milliwatt continuous-wave (CW) lasers in the wavelength range of 1500-1620 nm, covering the C and L telecom bands. The SHG intensity from the microfibre is enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude with the assistance of the GaSe nanoflakes on fibre nonlinear processes. Moreover, in the SFG process, the intensity transfer between different frequencies can be effectively manipulated by changing the wavelengths and powers of two pump lasers. The realised strong second-order nonlinearity in the GaSe-integrated microfibre might expand the applications of all-fibre devices in all-optical signal processing and new light source generation at awkward wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Zhen Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Yafei Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Yueguo Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Ruixuan Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Dong Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Xuetao Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
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19
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Hou X, Yao N, You L, Li H, Fang W, Zhang W, Wang Z, Tong L, Xie X. Measuring the refractive index of optical adhesives at cryogenic temperatures. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1841-1845. [PMID: 32225699 DOI: 10.1364/ao.386265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of photonic quantum information technologies requires research on the properties of optical adhesives at cryogenic temperatures. In the process of developing microfiber (MF)-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), we invented a cryogenic-temperature refractive index (RI) measurement method based on a kind of MF device. The device was put into the cryostat to observe the variance of MF transmittance with temperature. Then an RI-temperature relationship was established through the correspondence between the confinement conditions of MFs of various diameters in an optical adhesive-${{\rm MgF}_2}$MgF2 environment and transmittance-temperature curves. Using this method, we analyzed the thermal-optical properties of a commercial fluorinated acrylic optical adhesive and obtained the RI values of the adhesive at various temperatures. The results were successfully applied in the development of broadband and high-efficiency MF-coupled SNSPDs.
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20
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21
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Zakaria R, Zainuddin NAM, Leong TC, Rosli R, Rusdi MF, Harun SW, Sadegh Amiri I. Investigation of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in MoS 2- and WS 2-Protected Titanium Side-Polished Optical Fiber as a Humidity Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10070465. [PMID: 31336745 PMCID: PMC6680689 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the effects of a side-polished fiber (SPF) coated with titanium (Ti) films in different thicknesses, namely 5 nm, 13 nm, and 36 nm, protected by a thin layer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), which provide ultra-sensitive sensor-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) covering from the visible to mid-infrared region. The SPF deposited with Ti exhibits strong evanescent field interaction with the MoS2 and WS2, and good optical absorption, hence resulting in high-sensitivity performance. Incremental increases in the thickness of the Ti layer contribute to the enhancement of the intensity of transmission with redshift and broad spectra. The findings show that the optimum thickness of Ti with 36 nm combined with MoS2 causes weak redshifts of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode, while the same thickness of Ti with WS2 causes large blueshifts. The redshifts are possibly due to a reduced plasmon-coupling effect with the excitonic region of MoS2. The observed blueshifts of the LSPR peak position are possibly due to surface modification between WS2 and Ti. Changing the relative humidity from 58% to 88% only elicited a response in Ti/MoS2. Thus, MoS2 shows more sensitivity on 36-nm thickness of Ti compared with WS2. Therefore, the proposed fiber-optic sensor with integration of 2D materials is capable of measuring humidity in any environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozalina Zakaria
- Photonic Research Centre, Faculty Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tan Chee Leong
- Photonic Research Centre, Faculty Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnadiya Rosli
- Photonic Research Centre, Faculty Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Rusdi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sulaiman Wadi Harun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Iraj Sadegh Amiri
- Computational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
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22
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Li D, Wei C, Song J, Huang X, Wang F, Liu K, Xiong W, Hong X, Cui B, Feng A, Jiang L, Lu Y. Anisotropic Enhancement of Second-Harmonic Generation in Monolayer and Bilayer MoS 2 by Integrating with TiO 2 Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4195-4204. [PMID: 31136188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to design and enhance the nonlinear optical responses in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is both of fundamental interest and highly desirable for developing TMDC-based nonlinear optical applications, such as nonlinear convertors and optical modulators. Here, we report for the first time a strong anisotropic enhancement of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by integrating with one-dimensional (1D) titanium dioxide nanowires (NWs). The SHG signal from the MoS2/NW hybrid structures is over 2 orders of magnitude stronger than that in the bare monolayer MoS2. Polarized SHG measurements revealed a giant anisotropy in SHG response of the MoS2/NW hybrid. The pattern of the anisotropic SHG depends highly on the stacking angle between the nanowire direction and the MoS2 crystal orientation, which is attributed to the 1D NW-induced directional strain fields in the layered MoS2. A similar effect has also been observed in bilayer MoS2/NW hybrid structure, further proving the proposed scenario. This work provides an effective approach to selectively and directionally designing the nonlinear optical response of layered TMDCs, paving the way for developing high-performance, anisotropic nonlinear photonic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Chengyiran Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Nebraska--Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0511 , United States
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Jingfeng Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Nebraska--Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0511 , United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0299 , United States
| | - Bai Cui
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Aixin Feng
- College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering , Wenzhou University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yongfeng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Nebraska--Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0511 , United States
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