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Wang Y, Zhong L, Lau KY, Han X, Yang Y, Hu J, Firstov S, Chen Z, Ma Z, Tong L, Chiang KS, Tan D, Qiu J. Precise mode control of laser-written waveguides for broadband, low-dispersion 3D integrated optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38834560 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) glass chips are promising waveguide platforms for building hybrid 3D photonic circuits due to their 3D topological capabilities, large transparent windows, and low coupling dispersion. At present, the key challenge in scaling down a benchtop optical system to a glass chip is the lack of precise methods for controlling the mode field and optical coupling of 3D waveguide circuits. Here, we propose an overlap-controlled multi-scan (OCMS) method based on laser-direct lithography that allows customizing the refractive index profile of 3D waveguides with high spatial precision in a variety of glasses. On the basis of this method, we achieve variable mode-field distribution, robust and broadband coupling, and thereby demonstrate dispersionless LP21-mode conversion of supercontinuum pulses with the largest deviation of <0.1 dB in coupling ratios on 210 nm broadband. This approach provides a route to achieve ultra-broadband and low-dispersion coupling in 3D photonic circuits, with overwhelming advantages over conventional planar waveguide-optic platforms for on-chip transmission and manipulation of ultrashort laser pulses and broadband supercontinuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Zhong
- Institute of Light+X Science and Technology, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China.
| | - Kuen Yao Lau
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuhu Han
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Hu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sergei Firstov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center, 38 Vavilov str., Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Zhi Chen
- Zhejiang Lab, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650093, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Zhejiang Lab, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Limin Tong
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kin Seng Chiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dezhi Tan
- Zhejiang Lab, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Light+X Science and Technology, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, China.
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2
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Colliard L, Lapointe J, Grégoire N, Morency S, Vallée R, Bellec M, Bernier M. Femtosecond laser writing of robust waveguides in optical fibers with enhanced photosensitivity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19735-19745. [PMID: 38859101 DOI: 10.1364/oe.521714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We report the femtosecond laser writing of meter-long optical waveguides inscribed through the coating of specifically designed optical fibers. In order to improve the material photosensitivity and to ensure non-guiding optical fibers for subsequent laser processing of the waveguiding core, a depressed refractive index core design is implemented by co-doping a large portion of the optical fiber with germanium oxide and fluorine. The enhanced photosensitivity provided by further deuterium loading these fibers allows laser-writing of large refractive index contrast waveguides over wide cross sections. To mitigate the formation of photoinduced color centers causing high propagation losses in the photo-written waveguides, thermal annealing up to 400°C is performed on polyimide-coated laser-written fibers. Although the refractive index contrast decreases, the propagation losses are drastically reduced down to 0.08 dB/cm at 900nm allowing a robust single-mode guiding from visible to near infrared. Our results pave the way towards the development of a new generation of optical fibers and photonic components with arbitrarily complex designs.
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3
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Chen D, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Han X, Lau KY, Wu Z, Zou C, Zhang Y, Xu B, Liu X, Ma Z, Dong G, Barillaro G, Zhong L, Qiu J. 3D Laser Writing of Low-Loss Cross-Section-Variable Type-I Optical Waveguide Passive/Active Integrated Devices in Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404493. [PMID: 38718355 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Optical waveguides fabricated in single crystals offer crucial passive/active optical components for photonic integrated circuits. Single crystals possess inherent advantages over their amorphous counterpart, such as lower optical losses in visible-to-mid-infrared band, larger peak emission cross-section, higher doping concentration. However, the writing of Type-I positive refractive index modified waveguides in single crystals using femtosecond laser technology presents significant challenges. Herein, this work introduces a novel femtosecond laser direct writing technique that combines slit-shaping with an immersion oil objective to fabricate low-loss Type-I waveguides in single crystals. This approach allows for precise control of waveguide shape, size, mode-field, and refractive index distribution, with a spatial resolution as high as 700 nm and a high positive refractive index variation on the order of 10-2, introducing new degrees of freedom to design and fabricate passive/active optical waveguide devices. As a proof-of-concept, this work successfully produces a 7 mm-long circular-shaped gain waveguide (≈10 µm in diameter) in an Er3+-doped YAG single crystal, exhibiting a propagation loss as low as 0.23 dB cm-1, a net gain of ≈3 dB and a polarization-insensitive character. The newly-developed technique is theoretically applicable to arbitrary single crystals, holding promising potential for various applications in integrated optics, optical communication, and photonic quantum circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kuen Yao Lau
- Key Lab of Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies of Jiangsu Province & Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhemin Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Centre of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chen Zou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Centre of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Guoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Lijing Zhong
- Institute of Light+X Science and Technology, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Light+X Science and Technology, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
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4
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Yu S, Zhong ZP, Fang Y, Patel RB, Li QP, Liu W, Li Z, Xu L, Sagona-Stophel S, Mer E, Thomas SE, Meng Y, Li ZP, Yang YZ, Wang ZA, Guo NJ, Zhang WH, Tranmer GK, Dong Y, Wang YT, Tang JS, Li CF, Walmsley IA, Guo GC. A universal programmable Gaussian boson sampler for drug discovery. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:839-848. [PMID: 38177757 PMCID: PMC10768638 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has the potential to solve complex graph problems, such as clique finding, which is relevant to drug discovery tasks. However, realizing the full benefits of quantum enhancements requires large-scale quantum hardware with universal programmability. Here we have developed a time-bin-encoded GBS photonic quantum processor that is universal, programmable and software-scalable. Our processor features freely adjustable squeezing parameters and can implement arbitrary unitary operations with a programmable interferometer. Leveraging our processor, we successfully executed clique finding on a 32-node graph, achieving approximately twice the success probability compared to classical sampling. As proof of concept, we implemented a versatile quantum drug discovery platform using this GBS processor, enabling molecular docking and RNA-folding prediction tasks. Our work achieves GBS circuitry with its universal and programmable architecture, advancing GBS toward use in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Raj B Patel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Qing-Peng Li
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Sagona-Stophel
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ewan Mer
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Thomas
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Ze Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhao-An Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Nai-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Geoffrey K Tranmer
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian-Shun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Ian A Walmsley
- Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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5
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Wang LC, Chen Y, Tian ZN, Wang YD, Ren XF, Chen QD. Observation of delocalization transition in topological waveguide arrays with long-range interactions. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3283-3286. [PMID: 37319082 DOI: 10.1364/ol.493113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological edge states are a generic feature of topological insulators, and the long-range interactions, which break certain properties of topological edge states, are always non-negligible in real physical systems. In this Letter, we investigate the influence of next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions on the topological properties of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model by extracting the survival probabilities at the boundary of the photonic lattices. By introducing a series of integrated photonic waveguide arrays with different strengths of long-range interactions, we experimentally observe delocalization transition of light in SSH lattices with nontrivial phase, which is in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. The results indicate that the NNN interactions can significantly affect the edge states, and that the localization of these states can be absent in topologically nontrivial phase. Our work provides an alternative way to investigate the interplay between long-range interactions and localized states, which may stimulate further interest in topological properties in relevant structures.
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Wang YD, Zhang ZY, Chen Y, Sun YK, Li YC, Tian ZN, Ren XF, Chen QD, Guo GC. Arbitrarily rotated optical axis waveguide induced by a trimming line. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3063-3066. [PMID: 37262281 DOI: 10.1364/ol.493410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Rotated optical axis waveguides can facilitate on-chip arbitrary wave-plate operations, which are crucial tools for developing integrated universal quantum computing algorithms. In this paper, we propose a unique technique based on femtosecond laser direct writing technology to fabricate arbitrarily rotated optical axis waveguides. First, a circular isotropic main waveguide with a non-optical axis was fabricated using a beam shaping method. Thereafter, a trimming line was used to create an artificial stress field near the main waveguide to induce a rotated optical axis. Using this technique, we fabricated high-performance half- and quarter-wave plates. Subsequently, high-fidelity (97.1%) Pauli-X gate operation was demonstrated via quantum process tomography, which constitutes the basis for the full manipulation of on-chip polarization-encoded qubits. In the future, this work is expected to lead to new prospects for polarization-encoded information in photonic integrated circuits.
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7
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Qi JY, Zhao ZY, Liu ZJ, Wang BX, Liu XQ. Integration of cross-scale milli/microlenses by ion beam etching and femtosecond laser modification. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2752-2755. [PMID: 37186757 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Integrated cross-scale milli/microlenses offer irreplaceable functions in modern integrated optics with the advantage of reducing the size of the optical system to millimeters or microns. However, the technologies for fabricating millimeter-scale lenses and microlenses are always incompatible, which makes the successful fabrication of cross-scale milli/microlenses with a controlled morphology challenging. Here, ion beam etching is proposed as a means to fabricate smooth millimeter-scale lenses on various hard materials. In addition, by combining femtosecond laser modification and ion beam etching, an integrated cross-scale concave milli/microlens (27,000 microlenses on a lens with a diameter of 2.5 mm) is demonstrated on fused silica, and can be used as the template for a compound eye. The results provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, route for the flexible fabrication of cross-scale optical components for modern integrated optical systems.
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Yu J, Xu J, Zhang A, Song Y, Qi J, Dong Q, Chen J, Liu Z, Chen W, Cheng Y. Manufacture of Three-Dimensional Optofluidic Spot-Size Converters in Fused Silica Using Hybrid Laser Microfabrication. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9449. [PMID: 36502151 PMCID: PMC9737694 DOI: 10.3390/s22239449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We propose a hybrid laser microfabrication approach for the manufacture of three-dimensional (3D) optofluidic spot-size converters in fused silica glass by a combination of femtosecond (fs) laser microfabrication and carbon dioxide laser irradiation. Spatially shaped fs laser-assisted chemical etching was first performed to form 3D hollow microchannels in glass, which were composed of embedded straight channels, tapered channels, and vertical channels connected to the glass surface. Then, carbon dioxide laser-induced thermal reflow was carried out for the internal polishing of the whole microchannels and sealing parts of the vertical channels. Finally, 3D optofluidic spot-size converters (SSC) were formed by filling a liquid-core waveguide solution into laser-polished microchannels. With a fabricated SSC structure, the mode spot size of the optofluidic waveguide was expanded from ~8 μm to ~23 μm with a conversion efficiency of ~84.1%. Further measurement of the waveguide-to-waveguide coupling devices in the glass showed that the total insertion loss of two symmetric SSC structures through two ~50 μm-diameter coupling ports was ~6.73 dB at 1310 nm, which was only about half that of non-SSC structures with diameters of ~9 μm at the same coupling distance. The proposed approach holds great potential for developing novel 3D fluid-based photonic devices for mode conversion, optical manipulation, and lab-on-a-chip sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Yu
- School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Aodong Zhang
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunpeng Song
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jia Qi
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiaonan Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Liu
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Chen
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ya Cheng
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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9
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Wang Q, Li C, Fang B, Jing X. Multi-Function Reflective Vector Light Fields Generated by All-Dielectric Encoding Metasurface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8260. [PMID: 36431744 PMCID: PMC9692770 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional optics usually studies the uniform polarization state of light. Compared with uniform vector beams, non-uniform vector beams have more polarization information. Most of the research on generating cylindrical vector beams using metasurfaces focuses on generating transmitted beams using the geometric phase. However, the geometric phase requires the incident light to be circularly polarized, which limits the design freedom. Here, an all-dielectric reflective metasurface is designed to generate different output light according to the different polarization states of the incident light. By combining the two encoding arrangements of the dynamic phase and the geometric phase, the output light is a radial vector beam when the linearly polarized light is incident along the x-direction. Under the incidence of linearly polarized light along the y-direction, the generated output light is an azimuthal vector beam. Under the incidence of left-handed circularly polarized light, the generated output light is a vortex beam with a topological charge of -1. Under the incidence of right-handed circularly polarized light, the generated output light is a vortex beam with a topological charge of +1. The proposed reflective metasurface has potential applications in generating vector beams with high integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenxia Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xufeng Jing
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Tan D, Sun X, Li Z, Qiu J. Effectively writing low propagation and bend loss waveguides in the silica glass by using a femtosecond laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4766-4769. [PMID: 36107085 DOI: 10.1364/ol.470670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report writing low-loss waveguides (WGs) by using a femtosecond laser in silica glass. A record low propagation loss of 0.07 dB/cm is achieved, and the lowest bend loss reaches 0.001 dB/mm with the bend radius of 30 mm. The optimal effective writing speed reaches 125 µm/s, which is two orders higher than the previous reported value. Fan-out devices with well controllable low loss for three-dimensional photonic integration are also fabricated. This work provides an effective strategy to create WG devices for 3D high-density photonic integration.
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