1
|
Wang P, Xu X, Li M, Lou XY, Xu S, Wu B, Gao G, Yin P, Liu N. Gene-based association tests in family samples using GWAS summary statistics. Genet Epidemiol 2024; 48:103-113. [PMID: 38317324 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to rapid growth in detecting genetic variants associated with various phenotypes. Owing to a great number of publicly accessible GWAS summary statistics, and the difficulty in obtaining individual-level genotype data, many existing gene-based association tests have been adapted to require only GWAS summary statistics rather than individual-level data. However, these association tests are restricted to unrelated individuals and thus do not apply to family samples directly. Moreover, due to its flexibility and effectiveness, the linear mixed model has been increasingly utilized in GWAS to handle correlated data, such as family samples. However, it remains unknown how to perform gene-based association tests in family samples using the GWAS summary statistics estimated from the linear mixed model. In this study, we show that, when family size is negligible compared to the total sample size, the diagonal block structure of the kinship matrix makes it possible to approximate the correlation matrix of marginal Z scores by linkage disequilibrium matrix. Based on this result, current methods utilizing summary statistics for unrelated individuals can be directly applied to family data without any modifications. Our simulation results demonstrate that this proposed strategy controls the type 1 error rate well in various situations. Finally, we exemplify the usefulness of the proposed approach with a dental caries GWAS data set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Lou
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Baolin Wu
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Guimin Gao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shang MY, Zhang CY, Wu Y, Wang L, Wang C, Li M. Genetic associations between bipolar disorder and brain structural phenotypes. Cereb Cortex 2023:7024717. [PMID: 36734292 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and their first-degree relatives exhibit alterations in brain volume and cortical structure, whereas the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, based on the published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the extent of polygenic overlap between BD and 15 brain structural phenotypes was investigated using linkage disequilibrium score regression and MiXeR tool, and the shared genomic loci were discovered by conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses. MiXeR estimated the overall measure of polygenic overlap between BD and brain structural phenotypes as 4-53% on a 0-100% scale (as quantified by the Dice coefficient). Subsequent conjFDR analyses identified 54 independent loci (71 risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms) jointly associated with BD and brain structural phenotypes with a conjFDR < 0.05, among which 33 were novel that had not been reported in the previous BD GWAS. Follow-up eQTL analyses in respective brain regions both confirmed well-known risk genes (e.g. CACNA1C, NEK4, GNL3, MAPK3) and discovered novel risk genes (e.g. LIMK2 and CAMK2N2). This study indicates a substantial shared genetic basis between BD and brain structural phenotypes, and provides novel insights into the developmental origin of BD and related biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Shang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 17 Long-Xin Lu, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 920 Jianshe Road, Wuhan, 430012, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 17 Long-Xin Lu, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 17 Long-Xin Lu, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Escamilla M, Merhi C. Genetic substrates of bipolar disorder risk in Latino families. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:154-67. [PMID: 35948660 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been conducted in the Latin American population, to date, in several countries, including Mexico, the United States, Costa Rica, Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, Brazil. These studies focused primarily on linkage-based designs utilizing families with multiplex cases of BP. Significant BP loci were identified on Chromosomes 18, 5 and 8, and fine mapping suggested several genes of interest underlying these linkage peaks. More recently, studies in these same pedigrees yielded significant linkage loci for BP endophenotypes, including measures of activity, sleep cycles, and personality traits. Building from findings in other populations, candidate gene association analyses in Latinos from Mexican and Central American ancestry confirmed the role of several genes (including CACNA1C and ANK3) in conferring BP risk. Although GWAS, methylation, and deep sequencing studies have only begun in these populations, there is evidence that CNVs and rare SNPs both play a role in BP risk of these populations. Large segments of the Latino populations in the Americas remain largely unstudied regarding BP genetics, but evidence to date has shown that this type of research can be successfully conducted in these populations and that the genetic underpinnings of BP in these cohorts share at least some characteristics with risk genes identified in European and other populations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang T, Lam RW, Huang J, Su Y, Liu J, Yang X, Yang L, Zhu N, Zhao G, Mao R, Zhou R, Xia W, Liu H, Wang Z, Chen J, Fang Y. Exploring the Effects of Temperament on Gray Matter Volume of Frontal Cortex in Patients with Mood Disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:183-193. [PMID: 33519204 PMCID: PMC7837575 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s287351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have relatively specific temperament and structural abnormalities of brain regions related to emotion and cognition. However, the effects of temperament factors on the structure of frontal and temporal cortex is still unclear. The aims of this study were to explore the differences and relationships between temperament characteristics and the gray matter volume of frontal and temporal cortex in patients with BD or MDD. METHODS T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, demographic and clinical information were obtained from 279 depressed patients (90 patients with BD, 189 patients with MDD) and 162 healthy controls (HC). Temperament was assessed with the Chinese short version of Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego - Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). The Desikan-Killiany atlas was used for yielding gray matter volume by FreeSurfer 6.0 software suite. A total of 22 frontal and temporal regions were chosen as regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS Compared with patients with MDD, patients with BD had higher TEMPS-A total scores and scores on cyclothymic, irritable and hyperthymic subscales. The gray matter volume in bilateral rostral middle frontal gyrus (RMFG), left temporal pole and right superior frontal gyrus were reduced in patients with BD. Patients with MDD only had lower gray matter volume in bilateral temporal pole. In the pooled patients, there were negative associations between hyperthymia and gray matter volume in right RMFG. CONCLUSION Patients with BD and MDD had different temperament characteristics. The prominent temperament subscales in patients with BD were cyclothymia, irritable and hyperthymia. Patients with greater hyperthymia had lower gray matter volume in right frontal gyrus. Temperament may reflect an endophenotype in patients with mood disorders, especially in BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jia Huang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousong Su
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaorui Yang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhu
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Mao
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rubai Zhou
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Xia
- Department of Medical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|