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Belloy ME, Le Guen Y, Stewart I, Williams K, Herz J, Sherva R, Zhang R, Merritt V, Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Gaziano JM, Logue M, Napolioni V, Greicius MD. Role of the X Chromosome in Alzheimer Disease Genetics. JAMA Neurol 2024:2823160. [PMID: 39250132 PMCID: PMC11385320 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Importance The X chromosome has remained enigmatic in Alzheimer disease (AD), yet it makes up 5% of the genome and carries a high proportion of genes expressed in the brain, making it particularly appealing as a potential source of unexplored genetic variation in AD. Objectives To perform the first large-scale X chromosome-wide association study (XWAS) of AD. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a meta-analysis of genetic association studies in case-control, family-based, population-based, and longitudinal AD-related cohorts from the US Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project, the UK Biobank, the Finnish health registry, and the US Million Veterans Program. Risk of AD was evaluated through case-control logistic regression analyses. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and March 2024. Genetic data available from high-density single-nucleotide variant microarrays and whole-genome sequencing and summary statistics for multitissue expression and protein quantitative trait loci available from published studies were included, enabling follow-up genetic colocalization analyses. A total of 1 629 863 eligible participants were selected from referred and volunteer samples, 477 596 of whom were excluded for analysis exclusion criteria. The number of participants who declined to participate in original studies was not available. Main Outcome and Measures Risk of AD, reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Associations were considered at X chromosome-wide (P < 1 × 10-5) and genome-wide (P < 5 × 10-8) significance. Primary analyses are nonstratified, while secondary analyses evaluate sex-stratified effects. Results Analyses included 1 152 284 participants of non-Hispanic White, European ancestry (664 403 [57.7%] female and 487 881 [42.3%] male), including 138 558 individuals with AD. Six independent genetic loci passed X chromosome-wide significance, with 4 showing support for links between the genetic signal for AD and expression of nearby genes in brain and nonbrain tissues. One of these 4 loci passed conservative genome-wide significance, with its lead variant centered on an intron of SLC9A7 (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04) and colocalization analyses prioritizing both the SLC9A7 and nearby CHST7 genes. Of these 6 loci, 4 displayed evidence for escape from X chromosome inactivation with regard to AD risk. Conclusion and Relevance This large-scale XWAS of AD identified the novel SLC9A7 locus. SLC9A7 regulates pH homeostasis in Golgi secretory compartments and is anticipated to have downstream effects on amyloid β accumulation. Overall, this study advances our knowledge of AD genetics and may provide novel biological drug targets. The results further provide initial insights into elucidating the role of the X chromosome in sex-based differences in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ilaria Stewart
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kennedy Williams
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joachim Herz
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas
| | - Richard Sherva
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria Merritt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Logue
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Li M, Hao X, Hu Z, Tian J, Shi J, Ma D, Guo M, Li S, Zuo C, Liang Y, Tang M, Mao C, Xu Y, Shi C. Microvascular and cellular dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease: an integrative analysis perspective. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20944. [PMID: 39251797 PMCID: PMC11385648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, personality changes, and various neurological symptoms. The role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury, extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities, and oligodendrocytes (ODCs) dysfunction in AD has gained increasing attention, yet the detailed pathogenesis remains elusive. This study integrates single-cell sequencing of AD patients' cerebrovascular system with a genome-wide association analysis. It aims to elucidate the associations and potential mechanisms behind pericytes injury, ECM disorder, and ODCs dysfunction in AD pathogenesis. Finally, we identified that abnormalities in the pericyte PI3K-AKT-FOXO signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenic process of AD. This comprehensive approach sheds new light on the complex etiology of AD and opens avenues for advanced research into its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dongrui Ma
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Mengnan Guo
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shuangjie Li
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Zuo
- Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | | | - Mibo Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jian-she East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jian-she East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jian-she East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 1 Jian-she East Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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Islam MR, Rabbi MA, Hossain T, Sultana S, Uddin S. Mechanistic Approach to Immunity and Immunotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39173186 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, affecting millions of people worldwide. Traditional treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, offer limited symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying disease mechanisms. These limitations have driven the development of more potent and effective therapies. Recent advances in immunotherapy present promising avenues for AD treatment. Immunotherapy strategies, including both active and passive approaches, harness the immune system to target and mitigate AD-related pathology. Active immunotherapy stimulates the patient's immune response to produce antibodies against AD-specific antigens, while passive immunotherapy involves administering preformed antibodies or immune cells that specifically target amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau proteins. Monoclonal antibodies, such as aducanumab and lecanemab, have shown potential in reducing Aβ plaques and slowing cognitive decline in clinical trials, despite challenges related to adverse immune responses and the need for precise targeting. This comprehensive review explores the role of the immune system in AD, evaluates the current successes and limitations of immunotherapeutic approaches, and discusses future directions for enhancing the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rubiath Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Afser Rabbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Bio Systems and Machines, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia
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Hirakawa H, Terao T. The genetic association between bipolar disorder and dementia: a qualitative review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1414776. [PMID: 39228919 PMCID: PMC11368786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1414776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a chronic disorder characterized by fluctuations in mood state and energy and recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania and depression. Bipolar disorder may be regarded as a neuro-progressive disorder in which repeated mood episodes may lead to cognitive decline and dementia development. In the current review, we employed genome-wide association studies to comprehensively investigate the genetic variants associated with bipolar disorder and dementia. Thirty-nine published manuscripts were identified: 20 on bipolar disorder and 19 on dementia. The results showed that the genes CACNA1C, GABBR2, SCN2A, CTSH, MSRA, and SH3PXD2A were overlapping between patients with bipolar disorder and dementia. In conclusion, the genes CACNA1C, GABBR2, SCN2A, CTSH, MSRA, and SH3PXD2A may be associated with the neuro-progression of bipolar disorder to dementia. Further genetic studies are needed to comprehensively clarify the role of genes in cognitive decline and the development of dementia in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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Vialle RA, de Paiva Lopes K, Li Y, Ng B, Schneider JA, Buchman AS, Wang Y, Farfel JM, Barnes LL, Wingo AP, Wingo TS, Seyfried NT, De Jager PL, Gaiteri C, Tasaki S, Bennett DA. Structural variants linked to Alzheimer's Disease and other common age-related clinical and neuropathologic traits. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.12.24311887. [PMID: 39185527 PMCID: PMC11343262 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.12.24311887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Advances have led to a greater understanding of the genetics of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, the gap between the predicted and observed genetic heritability estimates when using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small indel data remains. Large genomic rearrangements, known as structural variants (SVs), have the potential to account for this missing genetic heritability. By leveraging data from two ongoing cohort studies of aging and dementia, the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP), we performed genome-wide association analysis testing around 20,000 common SVs from 1,088 participants with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. A range of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (AD/ADRD) clinical and pathologic traits were examined. Given the limited sample size, no genome-wide significant association was found, but we mapped SVs across 81 AD risk loci and discovered 22 SVs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with GWAS lead variants and directly associated with AD/ADRD phenotypes (nominal P < 0.05). The strongest association was a deletion of an Alu element in the 3'UTR of the TMEM106B gene. This SV was in high LD with the respective AD GWAS locus and was associated with multiple AD/ADRD phenotypes, including tangle density, TDP-43, and cognitive resilience. The deletion of this element was also linked to lower TMEM106B protein abundance. We also found a 22 kb deletion associated with depression in ROSMAP and bearing similar association patterns as AD GWAS SNPs at the IQCK locus. In addition, genome-wide scans allowed the identification of 7 SVs, with no LD with SNPs and nominally associated with AD/ADRD traits. This result suggests potentially new ADRD risk loci not discoverable using SNP data. Among these findings, we highlight a 5.6 kb duplication of coding regions of the gene C1orf186 at chromosome 1 associated with indices of cognitive impairment, decline, and resilience. While further replication in independent datasets is needed to validate these findings, our results support the potential roles of common structural variations in the pathogenesis of AD/ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Vialle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bernard Ng
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose M Farfel
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, McClellan Park, CA, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ray NR, Kunkle BW, Hamilton‐Nelson K, Kurup JT, Rajabli F, Qiao M, Vardarajan BN, Cosacak MI, Kizil C, Jean‐Francois M, Cuccaro M, Reyes‐Dumeyer D, Cantwell L, Kuzma A, Vance JM, Gao S, Hendrie HC, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi A, Akinyemi RO, Lee W, Martin ER, Wang L, Beecham GW, Bush WS, Xu W, Jin F, Wang L, Farrer LA, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Schellenberg GD, Mayeux R, Pericak‐Vance MA, Reitz C. Extended genome-wide association study employing the African genome resources panel identifies novel susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease in individuals of African ancestry. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5247-5261. [PMID: 38958117 PMCID: PMC11350055 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite a two-fold risk, individuals of African ancestry have been underrepresented in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genomics efforts. METHODS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 2,903 AD cases and 6,265 controls of African ancestry. Within-dataset results were meta-analyzed, followed by functional genomics analyses. RESULTS A novel AD-risk locus was identified in MPDZ on chromosome (chr) 9p23 (rs141610415, MAF = 0.002, p = 3.68×10-9). Two additional novel common and nine rare loci were identified with suggestive associations (P < 9×10-7). Comparison of association and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns between datasets with higher and lower degrees of African ancestry showed differential association patterns at chr12q23.2 (ASCL1), suggesting that this association is modulated by regional origin of local African ancestry. DISCUSSION These analyses identified novel AD-associated loci in individuals of African ancestry and suggest that degree of African ancestry modulates some associations. Increased sample sets covering as much African genetic diversity as possible will be critical to identify additional loci and deconvolute local genetic ancestry effects. HIGHLIGHTS Genetic ancestry significantly impacts risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although individuals of African ancestry are twice as likely to develop AD, they are vastly underrepresented in AD genomics studies. The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium has previously identified 16 common and rare genetic loci associated with AD in African American individuals. The current analyses significantly expand this effort by increasing the sample size and extending ancestral diversity by including populations from continental Africa. Single variant meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide significant AD-risk locus in individuals of African ancestry at the MPDZ gene, and 11 additional novel loci with suggestive genome-wide significance at p < 9×10-7. Comparison of African American datasets with samples of higher degree of African ancestry demonstrated differing patterns of association and linkage disequilibrium at one of these loci, suggesting that degree and/or geographic origin of African ancestry modulates the effect at this locus. These findings illustrate the importance of increasing number and ancestral diversity of African ancestry samples in AD genomics studies to fully disentangle the genetic architecture underlying AD, and yield more effective ancestry-informed genetic screening tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Grants
- P30 AG013854 NIA NIH HHS
- International Parkinson Fonds
- P50 MH060451 NIMH NIH HHS
- P30 AG066444 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG28786-01A1 North Carolina A&T University
- U01AG46161 NIA NIH HHS
- AG05128 Duke University
- Medical Research Council
- U01AG057659 NIH HHS
- R01 AG022374 NIA NIH HHS
- U19 AG074865 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG023501 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 AG046152 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG010124 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 HG006375 NHGRI NIH HHS
- Biogen
- U01 AG058654 NIA NIH HHS
- NIMH MH60451 NINDS NIH HHS
- U54 AG052427 NIA NIH HHS
- UO1 HG004610 Group Health Research Institute
- RC2 AG036528 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG028377 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG048927 NIH HHS
- UO1 HG006375 Group Health Research Institute
- R01 AG22018 Rush University
- U01AG46152 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG008671 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG10133 Indiana University
- P50 AG005142 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 AG10483 Boston University
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- R01 AG035137 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG009029 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005131 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005128 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG010133 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 AG021886 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG031581 NIA NIH HHS
- 5R01AG012101 New York University
- R01 AG009956 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG016574 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005146 NIA NIH HHS
- U01AG058654 NIH HHS
- AG025688 Emory University
- P30AG10161 NIA NIH HHS
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
- U01 AG061356 NIA NIH HHS
- RC2 AG036650 NIA NIH HHS
- Servier
- Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.
- U01 AG032984 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 HG008657 NHGRI NIH HHS
- Brain Net Europe
- R01 AG019085 NIA NIH HHS
- Lumosity
- R01 AG013616 NIA NIH HHS
- U01 AG024904 NIA NIH HHS
- Translational Genomics Research Institute
- P50 AG008702 NIA NIH HHS
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
- R01 AG030146 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG041797 NIA FBS (Columbia University)
- U01 AG072579 NIA NIH HHS
- Piramal Imaging
- DeNDRoN
- UL1 RR029893 NCRR NIH HHS
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
- 1R01AG035137 New York University
- R01 AG15819 Rush University
- R01AG30146 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG15819 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 NS039764 NINDS NIH HHS
- P01 AG003991 NIA NIH HHS
- Office of Research and Development
- Genentech, Inc.
- U01 AG016976 NIA NIH HHS
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Administration
- P30 AG008051 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005681 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG013846 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 AG056270 NIA NIH HHS
- RC2 AG036502 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG026276 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG017917 NIA NIH HHS
- Araclon Biotech
- U01 AG057659 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 MH080295 NIMH NIH HHS
- Hersenstichting Nederland Breinbrekend Werk
- R01 AG026390 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG028786 NIA NIH HHS
- KL2 RR024151 NCRR NIH HHS
- Internationale Stiching Alzheimer Onderzoek
- P30AG066462 NIH HHS
- U24 AG026390 NIA FBS (Columbia University)
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
- P50 AG005136 NIA NIH HHS
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.
- CereSpir, Inc.
- P30 AG012300 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG03991 University of Washington
- RF1AG059018 NIH HHS
- Canadian Institute of Health Research
- RF1 AG059018 NIA NIH HHS
- BioClinica, Inc.
- U01 AG062943 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG012101 NIA NIH HHS
- GE Healthcare
- P50 AG016573 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 AG21886 National Cell Repository for Alzheimer's Disease (NCRAD)
- P50 AG016570 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005134 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG066462 NIA NIH HHS
- Stichting MS Research
- P30 AG008017 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG33193 Boston University
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- R01 AG042437 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 AG041689 NIA NIH HHS
- P01 AG019724 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG36042 NIA NIH HHS
- RC2AG036547 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG036042 NIA NIH HHS
- P30 AG010161 NIA NIH HHS
- AG019757 University of Miami
- Kronos Science
- P30 AG08051 New York University
- IIRG-05-14147 Alzheimer's Association
- AG010491 University of Miami
- R01 AG033193 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG025688 NIA NIH HHS
- IIRG-08-89720 Alzheimer's Association
- AbbVie
- R37 AG015473 NIA NIH HHS
- U24 AG026395 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG032990 NIA NIH HHS
- North Bristol NHS Trust Research and Innovation Department
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- Transition Therapeutics
- R01 AG072547 NIA NIH HHS
- AG027944 University of Miami
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- A2111048 BrightFocus Foundation
- U01 AG052410 NIA NIH HHS
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.
- R01 CA129769 NCI NIH HHS
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- U01 AG010483 NIA NIH HHS
- UO1 AG006781 Group Health Research Institute
- Merck & Co., Inc.
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- R01 AG17917 Rush University
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- NIBIB NIH HHS
- P01 AG010491 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG005144 NIA NIH HHS
- U01AG062943 NIH HHS
- R01 AG064614 NIA NIH HHS
- Glaxo Smith Kline
- U01AG072579 NIH HHS
- Biomedical Laboratory Research Program
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- RF1 AG057473 NIA NIH HHS
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- P50 AG005138 NIA NIH HHS
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- R01 AG019757 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG020688 NIA NIH HHS
- AG07562 University of Pittsburgh
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- Alzheimer's Research Trust
- Pfizer Inc.
- Illinois Department of Public Health
- Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- NHS trusts
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- Eli Lilly and Company
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- U24-AG041689 University of Pennsylvania
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- Wellcome Trust
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- IXICO Ltd.
- P50 AG016582 NIA NIH HHS
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- NeuroRx Research
- R01AG17917 NIA NIH HHS
- U01AG61356 NIA NIH HHS
- R01AG36836 NIA NIH HHS
- 5R01AG022374 New York University
- EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
- R01 AG041718 NIA NIH HHS
- 1RC2AG036502 New York University
- Newcastle University
- AG041718 University of Pittsburgh
- P30 AG028383 NIA NIH HHS
- AG05144 University of Kentucky
- AG030653 University of Pittsburgh
- R01AG48015 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG026916 NIA NIH HHS
- P50 AG033514 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 NS059873 NINDS NIH HHS
- # NS39764 NINDS NIH HHS
- ADGC National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging (NIH-NIA)
- Neurotrack Technologies
- Fujirebio
- Lundbeck
- MP-V BrightFocus Foundation
- BRACE
- R01 AG015819 NIA NIH HHS
- R01 AG036836 NIA NIH HHS
- Eisai Inc.
- 5R01AG013616 New York University
- W81XWH-12-2-0012 Department of Defense
- R01AG064614 NIH HHS
- AG02365 University of Pittsburgh
- NIH
- University of Pennsylvania
- NACC
- Boston University
- Columbia University
- Duke University
- Emory University
- Indiana University
- Johns Hopkins University
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Mayo Clinic
- New York University
- Northwestern University
- Oregon Health & Science University
- Rush University
- NIA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- University of Arizona
- University of California, Davis
- University of California, Irvine
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of California, San Diego
- University of California, San Francisco
- University of Kentucky
- University of Michigan
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Southern California
- University of Miami
- University of Washington
- Vanderbilt University
- NINDS
- Alzheimer's Association
- Office of Research and Development
- BrightFocus Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Medical Research Council
- Newcastle University
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- Alzheimer's Research Trust
- BRACE
- Stichting MS Research
- Department of Defense
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- AbbVie
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
- BioClinica, Inc.
- Biogen
- Bristol‐Myers Squibb Company
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Genentech, Inc.
- Fujirebio
- GE Healthcare
- Lundbeck
- Merck & Co., Inc.
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
- Pfizer Inc.
- Servier
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
- Illinois Department of Public Health
- Translational Genomics Research Institute
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Fitzsimons LA, Atif-Sheikh M, Lovely J, Mueth M, Rice M, Kotredes K, Howell G, Harrison BJ. CD2AP is Co-Expressed with Tropomyosin-Related Kinase A and Ras-Related Protein Rab-5A in Cholinergic Neurons of the Murine Basal Forebrain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.24.604961. [PMID: 39211110 PMCID: PMC11361140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.24.604961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons project to the hippocampus and cortex, are critical for learning and memory, and are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GWAS have consistently shown that genomic variants at the CD2AP gene locus are associated with significant increased risk of AD. GWAS studies have also shown that genetic variants in endocytosis genes, including RAB5A , significantly increase susceptibility to AD. Previous work in our lab has shown that CD2AP functions as a docking-scaffold/adaptor protein as a coordinator of nerve growth factor (NGF) and trophic signaling in neurons. We have also demonstrated that CD2AP positively regulates Rab5-mediated mechanisms of endocytosis in primary sensory neurons. The purpose of this study was to perform an in vivo characterization of CD2AP expression in cholinergic neurons of the brain regions most relevant to AD pathogenesis and to investigate the colocalization of CD2AP and Rab5 in cholinergic neurons of the murine basal forebrain. Brain tissue was perfused, harvested from ChAT BAC -eGFP transgenic mice (N=4 male, N=4 female; aged 10 mo), where cholinergic neurons (co-) express green fluorescence protein (GFP) in central and peripheral neurons that express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Frozen tissue sections were used to assess the specificity of the reporter in mouse brain along with localization of both CD2AP and Rab5 (co-) expression using immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of ChAT-GFP+ neurons and primary antibodies against ChAT, CD2AP and Rab5. Image J software was used to develop and optimize a colocalization assay for CD2AP and Rab5 puncta. Experiments were repeated in a follow-up cohort of aged-adult mice (N=2 male, N=2 female; aged 18 mo). IF expression of CD2AP was quantified in the basal forebrain, diagonal band of Broca (vDB), and striatal regions and compared to results from the cortical regions of the adult mouse brain. Colocalization of CD2AP was observed in the cell bodies of ChAT-GFP+ neurons of the striatum, vDB and basal forebrain regions, where CD2AP expression intensity as well as the number of cell bodies with positive signal increased incrementally. Colocalization analyses revealed near-complete overlap of CD2AP and Rab5 expression in ChAT-GFP+ cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain region. We conclude that cholinergic neurons express CD2AP in healthy adult and aged-adult mouse brains. These data provide the first evidence of quantifiable CD2AP protein expression of cholinergic neurons specific to the diagonal band of Broca (vDB) and basal forebrain. Together with previous research from our lab, these data support a role for CD2AP in the pathogenesis of AD through orchestration of endocytosis and retrograde signaling. Ongoing studies are underway to verify these findings in a novel AD mouse model that incorporates the humanized variant of CD2AP , created by MODEL-AD, where we aim to further investigate how CD2AP variants may affect mechanistic components of Rab5 endocytosis as well as subsequent survival of cholinergic neurons in the context of known amyloid beta and Tau pathologies.
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8
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Leger BS, Meredith JJ, Ideker T, Sanchez-Roige S, Palmer AA. Rare and common variants associated with alcohol consumption identify a conserved molecular network. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1704-1715. [PMID: 39031522 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of common variants associated with alcohol consumption. In contrast, genetic studies of alcohol consumption that use rare variants are still in their early stages. No prior studies of alcohol consumption have examined whether common and rare variants implicate the same genes and molecular networks, leaving open the possibility that the two approaches might identify distinct biology. METHODS To address this knowledge gap, we used publicly available alcohol consumption GWAS summary statistics (GSCAN, N = 666,978) and whole exome sequencing data (Genebass, N = 393,099) to identify a set of common and rare variants for alcohol consumption. We used gene-based analysis to implicate genes from common and rare variant analyses, which we then propagated onto a shared molecular network using a network colocalization procedure. RESULTS Gene-based analysis of each dataset implicated 294 (common variants) and 35 (rare variants) genes, including ethanol metabolizing genes ADH1B and ADH1C, which were identified by both analyses, and ANKRD12, GIGYF1, KIF21B, and STK31, which were identified in only the rare variant analysis, but have been associated with other neuropsychiatric traits. Network colocalization revealed significant network overlap between the genes identified via common and rare variants. The shared network identified gene families that function in alcohol metabolism, including ADH, ALDH, CYP, and UGT. Seventy-one of the genes in the shared network were previously implicated in neuropsychiatric or substance use disorders but not alcohol-related behaviors (e.g. EXOC2, EPM2A, and CACNG4). Differential gene expression analysis showed enrichment in the liver and several brain regions. CONCLUSIONS Genes implicated by network colocalization identify shared biology relevant to alcohol consumption, which also underlie neuropsychiatric traits and substance use disorders that are comorbid with alcohol use, providing a more holistic understanding of two disparate sources of genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Leger
- Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J Meredith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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9
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Gelernter J, Levey DF, Galimberti M, Harrington K, Zhou H, Adhikari K, Gupta P, Gaziano JM, Eliott D, Stein MB. Genome-wide association study of the common retinal disorder epiretinal membrane: Significant risk loci in each of three American populations. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100582. [PMID: 38870908 PMCID: PMC11228954 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal condition characterized by the presence of fibrocellular tissue on the retinal surface, often with visual distortion and loss of visual acuity. We studied European American (EUR), African American (AFR), and Latino (admixed American, AMR) ERM participants in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) for genome-wide association analysis-a total of 38,232 case individuals and 557,988 control individuals. We completed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in each population separately, and then results were meta-analyzed. Genome-wide significant (GWS) associations were observed in all three populations studied: 31 risk loci in EUR subjects, 3 in AFR, and 2 in AMR, with 48 in trans-ancestry meta-analysis. Many results replicated in the FinnGen sample. Several GWS variants associate to alterations in gene expression in the macula. ERM showed significant genetic correlation to multiple traits. Pathway enrichment analyses implicated collagen and collagen-adjacent mechanisms, among others. This well-powered ERM GWAS identified novel genetic associations that point to biological mechanisms for ERM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA; Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Harrington
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keyrun Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Divisions of Aging and Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murray B Stein
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Tesi N, van der Lee S, Hulsman M, van Schoor NM, Huisman M, Pijnenburg Y, van der Flier WM, Reinders M, Holstege H. Cognitively healthy centenarians are genetically protected against Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3864-3875. [PMID: 38634500 PMCID: PMC11180929 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence increases with age, yet a small fraction of the population reaches ages > 100 years without cognitive decline. We studied the genetic factors associated with such resilience against AD. METHODS Genome-wide association studies identified 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AD risk. We estimated SNP frequency in 2281 AD cases, 3165 age-matched controls, and 346 cognitively healthy centenarians. We calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual and investigated the functional properties of SNPs enriched/depleted in centenarians. RESULTS Cognitively healthy centenarians were enriched with the protective alleles of the SNPs associated with AD risk. The protective effect concentrated on the alleles in/near ANKH, GRN, TMEM106B, SORT1, PLCG2, RIN3, and APOE genes. This translated to >5-fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases (P = 7.69 × 10-71), and 2-fold lower compared to age-matched controls (P = 5.83 × 10-17). DISCUSSION Maintaining cognitive health until extreme ages requires complex genetic protection against AD, which concentrates on the genes associated with the endolysosomal and immune systems. HIGHLIGHTS Cognitively healthy cent enarians are enriched with the protective alleles of genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The protective effect is concentrated on variants involved in the immune and endolysosomal systems. Combining variants into a polygenic risk score (PRS) translated to > 5-fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases, and ≈ 2-fold lower compared to middle-aged healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo’ Tesi
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sven van der Lee
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Mental Health ProgramAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Mental Health ProgramAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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11
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Lee S, Hecker J, Hahn G, Mullin K, Lutz SM, Tanzi RE, Lange C, Prokopenko D. On the effect heterogeneity of established disease susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease across different genetic ancestries. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3397-3405. [PMID: 38563508 PMCID: PMC11095441 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous disease susceptibility loci (DSLs) for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the dependence of the genetic effect size of established DSLs on genetic ancestry. METHODS We utilized the whole genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) including 35,569 participants. A total of 25,459 subjects in four distinct populations (African ancestry, non-Hispanic White, admixed Hispanic, and Asian) were analyzed. RESULTS We found that nine DSLs showed significant heterogeneity across populations. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2075650 in translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40) showed the largest heterogeneity (Cochran's Q = 0.00, I2 = 90.08), followed by other SNPs in apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and apolipoprotein E (APOE). Two additional loci, signal-induced proliferation-associated 1 like 2 (SIPA1L2) and solute carrier 24 member 4 (SLC24A4), showed significant heterogeneity across populations. DISCUSSION We observed substantial heterogeneity for the APOE-harboring 19q13.32 region with TOMM40/APOE/APOC1 genes. The largest risk effect was seen among African Americans, while Asians showed a surprisingly small risk effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Lee
- Department of Medical Consilience, Division of Medicine, Graduate school, Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian Hecker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georg Hahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Mullin
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Genetics and Aging Unit and McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Belloy ME, Guen YL, Stewart I, Herz J, Sherva R, Zhang R, Merritt V, Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Gaziano JM, Logue M, Napolioni V, Greicius MD. The Role of X Chromosome in Alzheimer's Disease Genetics. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.22.24306094. [PMID: 38712163 PMCID: PMC11071554 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.24306094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Importance The X chromosome has remained enigmatic in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet it makes up 5% of the genome and carries a high proportion of genes expressed in the brain, making it particularly appealing as a potential source of unexplored genetic variation in AD. Objectives Perform the first large-scale X chromosome-wide association study (XWAS) of AD. Primary analyses are non-stratified, while secondary analyses evaluate sex-stratified effects. Design Meta-analysis of genetic association studies in case-control, family-based, population-based, and longitudinal AD-related cohorts from the US Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC) and Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP), the UK Biobank (UKB), the Finnish health registry (FinnGen), and the US Million Veterans Program (MVP). Risk for AD evaluated through case-control logistic regression analyses. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and March 2024. Setting Genetic data available from high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Summary statistics for multi-tissue expression and protein quantitative trait loci (QTL) available from published studies, enabling follow-up genetic colocalization analyses. Participants 1,629,863 eligible participants were selected from referred and volunteer samples, of which 477,596 were excluded for analysis exclusion criteria. Number of participants who declined to participate in original studies was not available. Main Outcome and Measures Risk for AD (odds ratio; OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Associations were considered at X-chromosome-wide (P-value<1e-5) and genome-wide (P-value<5e-8) significance. Results Analyses included 1,152,284 non-Hispanic White European ancestry subjects (57.3% females), including 138,558 cases. 6 independent genetic loci passed X-chromosome-wide significance, with 4 showing support for causal links between the genetic signal for AD and expression of nearby genes in brain and non-brain tissues. One of these 4 loci passed conservative genome-wide significance, with its lead variant centered on an intron of SLC9A7 (OR=1.054, 95%-CI=[1.035, 1.075]) and colocalization analyses prioritizing both the SLC9A7 and nearby CHST7 genes. Conclusion and Relevance We performed the first large-scale XWAS of AD and identified the novel SLC9A7 locus. SLC9A7 regulates pH homeostasis in Golgi secretory compartments and is anticipated to have downstream effects on amyloid beta accumulation. Overall, this study significantly advances our knowledge of AD genetics and may provide novel biological drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ilaria Stewart
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Merritt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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13
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Reddy JS, Heath L, Vander Linden A, Allen M, de Paiva Lopes K, Seifar F, Wang E, Ma Y, Poehlman WL, Quicksall ZS, Runnels A, Wang Y, Duong DM, Yin L, Xu K, Modeste ES, Shantaraman A, Dammer EB, Ping L, Oatman SR, Scanlan J, Ho C, Carrasquillo MM, Atik M, Yepez G, Mitchell AO, Nguyen TT, Chen X, Marquez DX, Reddy H, Xiao H, Seshadri S, Mayeux R, Prokop S, Lee EB, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Teich AF, Haroutunian V, Fox EJ, Gearing M, Wingo A, Wingo T, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Dickson DW, Barnes LL, De Jager P, Zhang B, Bennett D, Seyfried NT, Greenwood AK, Ertekin-Taner N. Bridging the Gap: Multi-Omics Profiling of Brain Tissue in Alzheimer's Disease and Older Controls in Multi-Ethnic Populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589592. [PMID: 38659743 PMCID: PMC11042309 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-omics studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed many potential disease pathways and therapeutic targets. Despite their promise of precision medicine, these studies lacked African Americans (AA) and Latin Americans (LA), who are disproportionately affected by AD. METHODS To bridge this gap, Accelerating Medicines Partnership in AD (AMP-AD) expanded brain multi-omics profiling to multi-ethnic donors. RESULTS We generated multi-omics data and curated and harmonized phenotypic data from AA (n=306), LA (n=326), or AA and LA (n=4) brain donors plus Non-Hispanic White (n=252) and other (n=20) ethnic groups, to establish a foundational dataset enriched for AA and LA participants. This study describes the data available to the research community, including transcriptome from three brain regions, whole genome sequence, and proteome measures. DISCUSSION Inclusion of traditionally underrepresented groups in multi-omics studies is essential to discover the full spectrum of precision medicine targets that will be pertinent to all populations affected with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Reddy
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Laura Heath
- Sage Bionetworks, 2901 3rd Ave #330, Seattle, WA 98121
| | | | - Mariet Allen
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Fatemeh Seifar
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erming Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | | | | | - Alexi Runnels
- New York Genome Center, 101 6th Ave, New York, NY 10013
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Duc M Duong
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Luming Yin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kaiming Xu
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erica S Modeste
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Eric B Dammer
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Jo Scanlan
- Sage Bionetworks, 2901 3rd Ave #330, Seattle, WA 98121
| | - Charlotte Ho
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | - Merve Atik
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Geovanna Yepez
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - David X Marquez
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
- University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 West Harrison St., Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Hasini Reddy
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Harrison Xiao
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Glen Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas, 8300 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio TX 78229
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2676
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Varham Haroutunian
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
| | - Edward J Fox
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Marla Gearing
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Aliza Wingo
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Thomas Wingo
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - James J Lah
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Allan I Levey
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Philip De Jager
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029
| | - David Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
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14
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Wolf EJ, Miller MW, Zhang R, Sherva R, Harrington KM, Fonda JR, Daskalakis NP, Gaziano JM, Logue MW. No Replication of Alzheimer's Disease Genetics as a Moderator of Combat Exposure's Association with PTSD risk in 138,592 Combat Veterans. NATURE. MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 2:553-561. [PMID: 39247144 PMCID: PMC11378975 DOI: 10.1038/s44220-024-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale cohort and epidemiological studies suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) confers risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD); however, the basis for this association remains unclear. Several prior studies of military Veterans have reported that carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 gene variant are at heightened risk for the development of PTSD following combat exposure, suggesting that PTSD and ADRD may share some genetic risk. This cohort study was designed to further examine the hypothesis that ADRD genetic risk also confers risk for PTSD. To do so, we examined APOE ε4 and ε2 genotypes, an AD polygenic risk score (PRS), and other Veteran-relevant risk factors for PTSD in age-stratified groups of individuals of European (n = 123,372) and African (n = 15,220) ancestry in the US Department of Veterans Affairs' Million Veteran Program. Analyses revealed no significant main effect associations between the APOE ε4 (or ε2) genotype or the AD PRS on PTSD severity or diagnosis. There were also no significant interactions between measures of AD genetic risk and either combat exposure severity or history of head injury in association with PTSD in any age group. We conclude that the association between PTSD and the primary ADRD genetic risk factor, APOE ε4, that was reported previously was not replicable in the largest relevant dataset in the world. Thus, the epidemiological association between PTSD and ADRD is not likely to be driven by the major genetic factors underlying ADRD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kelly M Harrington
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Jennifer R Fonda
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) and Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos P Daskalakis
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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15
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Gao S, Wang T, Han Z, Hu Y, Zhu P, Xue Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Liu G. Interpretation of 10 years of Alzheimer's disease genetic findings in the perspective of statistical heterogeneity. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae140. [PMID: 38711368 PMCID: PMC11074593 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variants and susceptibility loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been discovered through large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), GWAS by proxy (GWAX) and meta-analysis of GWAS and GWAX (GWAS+GWAX). However, due to the very low repeatability of AD susceptibility loci and the low heritability of AD, these AD genetic findings have been questioned. We summarize AD genetic findings from the past 10 years and provide a new interpretation of these findings in the context of statistical heterogeneity. We discovered that only 17% of AD risk loci demonstrated reproducibility with a genome-wide significance of P < 5.00E-08 across all AD GWAS and GWAS+GWAX datasets. We highlighted that the AD GWAS+GWAX with the largest sample size failed to identify the most significant signals, the maximum number of genome-wide significant genetic variants or maximum heritability. Additionally, we identified widespread statistical heterogeneity in AD GWAS+GWAX datasets, but not in AD GWAS datasets. We consider that statistical heterogeneity may have attenuated the statistical power in AD GWAS+GWAX and may contribute to explaining the low repeatability (17%) of genome-wide significant AD susceptibility loci and the decreased AD heritability (40-2%) as the sample size increased. Importantly, evidence supports the idea that a decrease in statistical heterogeneity facilitates the identification of genome-wide significant genetic loci and contributes to an increase in AD heritability. Collectively, current AD GWAX and GWAS+GWAX findings should be meticulously assessed and warrant additional investigation, and AD GWAS+GWAX should employ multiple meta-analysis methods, such as random-effects inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis, which is designed specifically for statistical heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You’an Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, No. 26, Kexueyuan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhifa Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 5, Dongdan Santichao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Xitoutiao, You’an Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanli Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, You'an Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa 999078, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, No. 26, Kexueyuan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, Shandong, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxia Translational Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory of Internet Medical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45, Changchun Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
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16
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Bettencourt C, Skene N, Bandres-Ciga S, Anderson E, Winchester LM, Foote IF, Schwartzentruber J, Botia JA, Nalls M, Singleton A, Schilder BM, Humphrey J, Marzi SJ, Toomey CE, Kleifat AA, Harshfield EL, Garfield V, Sandor C, Keat S, Tamburin S, Frigerio CS, Lourida I, Ranson JM, Llewellyn DJ. Artificial intelligence for dementia genetics and omics. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5905-5921. [PMID: 37606627 PMCID: PMC10841325 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetics and omics studies of Alzheimer's disease and other dementia subtypes enhance our understanding of underlying mechanisms and pathways that can be targeted. We identified key remaining challenges: First, can we enhance genetic studies to address missing heritability? Can we identify reproducible omics signatures that differentiate between dementia subtypes? Can high-dimensional omics data identify improved biomarkers? How can genetics inform our understanding of causal status of dementia risk factors? And which biological processes are altered by dementia-related genetic variation? Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning approaches give us powerful new tools in helping us to tackle these challenges, and we review possible solutions and examples of best practice. However, their limitations also need to be considered, as well as the need for coordinated multidisciplinary research and diverse deeply phenotyped cohorts. Ultimately AI approaches improve our ability to interrogate genetics and omics data for precision dementia medicine. HIGHLIGHTS: We have identified five key challenges in dementia genetics and omics studies. AI can enable detection of undiscovered patterns in dementia genetics and omics data. Enhanced and more diverse genetics and omics datasets are still needed. Multidisciplinary collaborative efforts using AI can boost dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conceicao Bettencourt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nathan Skene
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emma Anderson
- Department of Mental Health of Older People, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Isabelle F Foote
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- Open Targets, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Illumina Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina Inc, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Juan A Botia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de la Información y las Comunicaciones, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mike Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian M Schilder
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J Marzi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christina E Toomey
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ahmad Al Kleifat
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eric L Harshfield
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Garfield
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- UK Dementia Research Institute. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel Keat
- UK Dementia Research Institute. School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Neurology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo Sala Frigerio
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David J Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
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17
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Godfrey RK, Alsop E, Bjork RT, Chauhan BS, Ruvalcaba HC, Antone J, Gittings LM, Michael AF, Williams C, Hala'ufia G, Blythe AD, Hall M, Sattler R, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Zarnescu DC. Modelling TDP-43 proteinopathy in Drosophila uncovers shared and neuron-specific targets across ALS and FTD relevant circuits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:168. [PMID: 37864255 PMCID: PMC10588218 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) comprise a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases linked to TDP-43 proteinopathy, which at the cellular level, is characterized by loss of nuclear TDP-43 and accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions that ultimately cause RNA processing defects including dysregulation of splicing, mRNA transport and translation. Complementing our previous work in motor neurons, here we report a novel model of TDP-43 proteinopathy based on overexpression of TDP-43 in a subset of Drosophila Kenyon cells of the mushroom body (MB), a circuit with structural characteristics reminiscent of vertebrate cortical networks. This model recapitulates several aspects of dementia-relevant pathological features including age-dependent neuronal loss, nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, and behavioral deficits in working memory and sleep that occur prior to axonal degeneration. RNA immunoprecipitations identify several candidate mRNA targets of TDP-43 in MBs, some of which are unique to the MB circuit and others that are shared with motor neurons. Among the latter is the glypican Dally-like-protein (Dlp), which exhibits significant TDP-43 associated reduction in expression during aging. Using genetic interactions we show that overexpression of Dlp in MBs mitigates TDP-43 dependent working memory deficits, conistent with Dlp acting as a mediator of TDP-43 toxicity. Substantiating our findings in the fly model, we find that the expression of GPC6 mRNA, a human ortholog of dlp, is specifically altered in neurons exhibiting the molecular signature of TDP-43 pathology in FTD patient brains. These findings suggest that circuit-specific Drosophila models provide a platform for uncovering shared or disease-specific molecular mechanisms and vulnerabilities across the spectrum of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keating Godfrey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, 3215 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Eric Alsop
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Reed T Bjork
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brijesh S Chauhan
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Crescent Building C4605, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hillary C Ruvalcaba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jerry Antone
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Lauren M Gittings
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Allison F Michael
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christi Williams
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Grace Hala'ufia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Alexander D Blythe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Megan Hall
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Rita Sattler
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W Thomas Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | | | - Daniela C Zarnescu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Life Sciences South, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive Crescent Building C4605, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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18
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Logue MW, Dasgupta S, Farrer LA. Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease in the African American Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5189. [PMID: 37629231 PMCID: PMC10455208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Black/African American (AA) individuals have a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than White non-Hispanic persons of European ancestry (EUR) for reasons that may include economic disparities, cardiovascular health, quality of education, and biases in the methods used to diagnose AD. AD is also heritable, and some of the differences in risk may be due to genetics. Many AD-associated variants have been identified by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genome-sequencing studies. However, most of these studies have been performed using EUR cohorts. In this paper, we review the genetics of AD and AD-related traits in AA individuals. Importantly, studies of genetic risk factors in AA cohorts can elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AD risk in AA and other populations. In fact, such studies are essential to enable reliable precision medicine approaches in persons with considerable African ancestry. Furthermore, genetic studies of AA cohorts allow exploration of the ways the impact of genes can vary by ancestry, culture, and economic and environmental disparities. They have yielded important gains in our knowledge of AD genetics, and increasing AA individual representation within genetic studies should remain a priority for inclusive genetic study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shoumita Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Medical Sciences and Education, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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19
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Advances in Molecular Psychiatry - March 2023: mitochondrial function, stress, neuroinflammation - bipolar disorder, psychosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:968-971. [PMID: 36899214 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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20
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Le Guen Y, Raulin AC, Logue MW, Sherva R, Belloy ME, Eger SJ, Chen A, Kennedy G, Kuchenbecker L, O’Leary JP, Zhang R, Merritt VC, Panizzon MS, Hauger RL, Gaziano JM, Bu G, Thornton TA, Farrer LA, Napolioni V, He Z, Greicius MD. Association of African Ancestry-Specific APOE Missense Variant R145C With Risk of Alzheimer Disease. JAMA 2023; 329:551-560. [PMID: 36809323 PMCID: PMC9945061 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Importance Numerous studies have established the association of the common APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 alleles with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk across ancestries. Studies of the interaction of these alleles with other amino acid changes on APOE in non-European ancestries are lacking and may improve ancestry-specific risk prediction. Objective To determine whether APOE amino acid changes specific to individuals of African ancestry modulate AD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control study including 31 929 participants and using a sequenced discovery sample (Alzheimer Disease Sequencing Project; stage 1) followed by 2 microarray imputed data sets derived from the Alzheimer Disease Genetic Consortium (stage 2, internal replication) and the Million Veteran Program (stage 3, external validation). This study combined case-control, family-based, population-based, and longitudinal AD cohorts, which recruited participants (1991-2022) in primarily US-based studies with 1 US/Nigerian study. Across all stages, individuals included in this study were of African ancestry. Exposures Two APOE missense variants (R145C and R150H) were assessed, stratified by APOE genotype. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was AD case-control status, and secondary outcomes included age at AD onset. Results Stage 1 included 2888 cases (median age, 77 [IQR, 71-83] years; 31.3% male) and 4957 controls (median age, 77 [IQR, 71-83] years; 28.0% male). In stage 2, across multiple cohorts, 1201 cases (median age, 75 [IQR, 69-81] years; 30.8% male) and 2744 controls (median age, 80 [IQR, 75-84] years; 31.4% male) were included. In stage 3, 733 cases (median age, 79.4 [IQR, 73.8-86.5] years; 97.0% male) and 19 406 controls (median age, 71.9 [IQR, 68.4-75.8] years; 94.5% male) were included. In ε3/ε4-stratified analyses of stage 1, R145C was present in 52 individuals with AD (4.8%) and 19 controls (1.5%); R145C was associated with an increased risk of AD (odds ratio [OR], 3.01; 95% CI, 1.87-4.85; P = 6.0 × 10-6) and was associated with a reported younger age at AD onset (β, -5.87 years; 95% CI, -8.35 to -3.4 years; P = 3.4 × 10-6). Association with increased AD risk was replicated in stage 2 (R145C was present in 23 individuals with AD [4.7%] and 21 controls [2.7%]; OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.04-4.65; P = .04) and was concordant in stage 3 (R145C was present in 11 individuals with AD [3.8%] and 149 controls [2.7%]; OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 0.99-3.64; P = .051). Association with earlier AD onset was replicated in stage 2 (β, -5.23 years; 95% CI, -9.58 to -0.87 years; P = .02) and stage 3 (β, -10.15 years; 95% CI, -15.66 to -4.64 years; P = 4.0 × 10-4). No significant associations were observed in other APOE strata for R145C or in any APOE strata for R150H. Conclusions and Relevance In this exploratory analysis, the APOE ε3[R145C] missense variant was associated with an increased risk of AD among individuals of African ancestry with the ε3/ε4 genotype. With additional external validation, these findings may inform AD genetic risk assessment in individuals of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Le Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, Paris, France
| | | | - Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Sherva
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E. Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Sarah J. Eger
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Annabel Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gabriel Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victoria C. Merritt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard L. Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael D. Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Harerimana NV, Goate AM, Bowles KR. The influence of 17q21.31 and APOE genetic ancestry on neurodegenerative disease risk. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1021918. [PMID: 36337698 PMCID: PMC9632173 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1021918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in genomic research over the last two decades have greatly enhanced our knowledge concerning the genetic landscape and pathophysiological processes involved in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, current insights arise almost exclusively from studies on individuals of European ancestry. Despite this, studies have revealed that genetic variation differentially impacts risk for, and clinical presentation of neurodegenerative disease in non-European populations, conveying the importance of ancestry in predicting disease risk and understanding the biological mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration. We review the genetic influence of two important disease-associated loci, 17q21.31 (the "MAPT locus") and APOE, to neurodegenerative disease risk in non-European populations, touching on global population differences and evolutionary genetics by ancestry that may underlie some of these differences. We conclude there is a need to increase representation of non-European ancestry individuals in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and biomarker analyses in order to help resolve existing disparities in understanding risk for, diagnosis of, and treatment for neurodegenerative diseases in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia V. Harerimana
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kathryn R. Bowles
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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