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Schacht JP, Kubicki M, Anton RF. A randomized trial of the effects of COMT inhibition on subjective response to alcohol: Moderation by baseline COMT activity and mediation of alcohol self-administration. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:178-187. [PMID: 38206282 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor inhibitory control and enhanced subjective response to alcohol are interrelated risk factors for alcohol use disorder (AUD) that share underlying neural substrates, including dopamine signaling in the right prefrontal cortex, a potential target for pharmacological intervention. Cortical dopamine inactivation is primarily regulated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme with large variation in activity as a function of the COMT rs4680 (val158met) single nucleotide polymorphism. In a previous randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the COMT inhibitor tolcapone (200 mg TID) in non-treatment-seeking participants with AUD, we found that tolcapone, relative to placebo, reduced alcohol self-administration only among rs4680 val-allele homozygotes, whose COMT activity is higher than in met-allele carriers. METHODS We conducted secondary analyses of the effects of tolcapone and baseline COMT activity, as indexed by both rs4680 genotype and an enzymatic activity assay, on the subjective response to alcohol in a bar-laboratory paradigm among 60 participants in the previous trial. RESULTS Tolcapone did not affect alcohol-induced stimulation or sedation more than placebo. However, baseline COMT activity moderated the effects of the drug on both outcomes, such that tolcapone-treated participants with higher baseline COMT activity had less stimulation (p = 0.008) and sedation (p = 0.053) than participants with lower baseline COMT activity and those treated with placebo. Additionally, alcohol-induced stimulation significantly mediated the interacting effects of baseline COMT activity and tolcapone on bar-laboratory self-administration. CONCLUSIONS Tolcapone may reduce subjective response to alcohol more effectively among individuals with preexisting high COMT activity an effect that could account for the drug's reduction of alcohol consumption among these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Schacht
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Raymond F Anton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Dubois J, Field RM, Jawhar S, Jewison A, Koch EM, M Aghajan Z, Miller N, Perdue KL, Taylor M. Change in brain asymmetry reflects level of acute alcohol intoxication and impacts on inhibitory control. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10278. [PMID: 37355749 PMCID: PMC10290692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is one of the most commonly used substances and frequently abused, yet little is known about the neural underpinnings driving variability in inhibitory control performance after ingesting alcohol. This study was a single-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized design with participants (N = 48 healthy, social drinkers) completing three study visits. At each visit participants received one of three alcohol doses; namely, a placebo dose [equivalent Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) = 0.00%], a low dose of alcohol (target BAC = 0.04%), or a moderate dose of alcohol (target BAC = 0.08%). To measure inhibitory control, participants completed a Go/No-go task paradigm twice during each study visit, once immediately before dosing and once after, while their brain activity was measured with time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS). BAC and subjective effects of alcohol were also assessed. We report decreased behavioral performance for the moderate dose of alcohol, but not the low or placebo doses. We observed right lateralized inhibitory prefrontal activity during go-no-go blocks, consistent with prior literature. Using standard and novel metrics of lateralization, we were able to significantly differentiate between all doses. Lastly, we demonstrate that these metrics are not only related to behavioral performance during inhibitory control, but also provide complementary information to the legal gold standard of intoxication (i.e. BAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dubois
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | - Ryan M Field
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | - Sami Jawhar
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | - Austin Jewison
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | - Erin M Koch
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | - Zahra M Aghajan
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | - Naomi Miller
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
| | | | - Moriah Taylor
- Kernel, 5042 Wilshire Blvd, #26878, Los Angeles, CA, 90036, USA
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Herman AM. Interoception Within the Context of Impulsivity and Addiction. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:97-106. [PMID: 37266189 PMCID: PMC10148627 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The goal of this review is to examine the relationship between impulsivity and interoception in addiction, to summarize the current understanding of the topic, identify any gaps in knowledge, and provide directions for future research. Research Findings Interoception may be a contributing factor to impulsive behaviour and, thus, addiction. Substance abuse can negatively impact the brain's ability to process interoceptive information and impact the reward system, leading to decreased sensitivity to natural rewards and increased sensitivity to drugs. There is potential for new therapies, such as mindfulness, interoceptive training, brain stimulation, or vagal nerve stimulation to target both impulsivity and interoception in the treatment of addiction. Summary Despite a growing interest in interoception in addiction research, further research is needed to better understand the role of interoception in addiction and to develop new methods for studying how individuals with addiction process and perceive internal bodily sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Herman
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3 St, Warsaw, Poland
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De Oliveira Sergio T, Frasier RM, Hopf FW. Animal models of compulsion alcohol drinking: Why we love quinine-resistant intake and what we learned from it. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1116901. [PMID: 37032937 PMCID: PMC10080007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) ranks among the most prevalent mental disorders, extracting ~$250 billion/year in the US alone and producing myriad medical and social harms. Also, the number of deaths related to problem drinking has been increasing dramatically. Compulsive alcohol drinking, characterized by intake that persists despite negative consequences, can be particularly important and a major obstacle to treatment. With the number of people suffering from AUD increasing during the past years, there is a critical need to understand the neurobiology related to compulsive drives for alcohol, as well as the development of novel AUD pharmacological therapies. Here we discuss rodent compulsion-like alcohol drinking (CLAD) models, focusing on the two most widely used adverse stimuli to model rodent compulsion-like responding, quinine adulteration of alcohol and footshook-resistant alcohol intake. For both cases, the goal is to uncover behavior patterns and brain circuits that underlie drive for alcohol even in the face of negative consequences. We discuss caveats, benefits, and potential brain mechanisms, of models for consequence-resistant responding for alcohol more generally, and especially highlight some advantages of quinine-resistance over footshook-resistance. Further, since this review contributes to a Special issue focused on Molecular Aspects of Compulsive Drug Use, we discuss our new findings showing how the noradrenergic system is related to CLAD responding. In particular, we comment on the importance of α1 and β adrenergic receptors (ARs) as potential targets for treating AUD.
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Li G, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang W, Bi J, Tang X, Li CSR. Cognitive Challenges Are Better in Distinguishing Binge From Nonbinge Drinkers: An Exploratory Deep-Learning Study of fMRI Data of Multiple Behavioral Tasks and Resting State. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:856-868. [PMID: 35808911 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have identified imaging markers of binge drinking. Functional connectivity during both task challenges and resting state was shown to distinguish binge and nonbinge drinkers. However, no studies have compared the efficacy of task and resting data in the classification. HYPOTHESIS Task outperforms resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in the differentiation of binge and nonbinge drinkers. We tested the hypothesis via multiple deep learning algorithms. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional; retrospective. POPULATION A total of 149 binge (107 men) and 151 demographically matched, nonbinge (92 men) drinkers curated from the Human Connectome Project, with 80% randomly selected for model development and 20% for validation/test. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3 T; fMRI with a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) gradient-echo echo-planar sequence. ASSESSMENT FMRI data of resting state and seven behavioral tasks were acquired. Graph convolutional network (GCN), long short-term memory, convolutional, and recurrent neural network models were built to distinguish bingers and nonbingers using connectivity matrices of 8, 116, and 268 regions of interest (ROI). Nodal metrics including betweenness centrality, degree centrality, clustering coefficient, efficiency, local efficiency, and shortest path length were calculated from the GCN model. STATISTICAL TESTS Model performance was quantified by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic analysis. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Task outperformed resting data in classification by approximately 8% by AUC in the test set. Across models and ROI sets, the gambling, motor, language and working memory tasks, each with AUC of 0.614, 0.612, 0.605, and 0.603, performed better than resting data (AUC = 0.548). Models with 116 ROIs (AUC = 0.602) consistently outperformed those with 8 ROIs (AUC = 0.569). Task data performed best with GCN (AUC = 0.619). Nodal metrics of left supplementary motor area and right cuneus showed significant group main effect across tasks. CONCLUSION Neural responses to cognitive challenges relative to resting state better characterize binge drinking. The performance of different network models may depend on behavioral tasks and the number of ROIs. EVIDENCE LEVEL 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life Sciences, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jinbo Bi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Internet/Smartphone Addiction: A Preliminary fMRI Study. Tomography 2022; 8:1781-1790. [PMID: 35894015 PMCID: PMC9326674 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying smartphone/internet addiction. We tested a specific hypothesis that the excessive, uncontrolled use of smartphones should be related to the ability of controlling attention in a purely endogenous and self-regulatory manner. In an fMRI experiment, in which 43 adults participated, we had participants detect and identify specified target stimuli among non-targets. In some trials, 10 s oddball movies were presented as distractors. While the participants try to filter out the distractors and focus their attention on the main task, the activation profiles of the frontoparietal brain regions were examined. The results showed that the people with a higher risk of being addicted to smartphone use failed to filter out distractors via the endogenous control of attention. The neuroimaging data showed that the high-risk group showed significantly lower levels of activation in the frontopolar cortex (FPC). We conclude that people at a high risk of smartphone addiction have difficulty endogenously shifting their attention from distracting stimuli toward goal-directed behavior, and FPC plays a critical role in this self-regulatory control of attention.
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Ochi R, Ueno F, Sakuma M, Tani H, Tsugawa S, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Oshima S, Matsushita S, Nakajima S. Patterns of functional connectivity alterations induced by alcohol reflect somatostatin interneuron expression in the human cerebral cortex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7896. [PMID: 35550587 PMCID: PMC9098480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute alcohol administration affects functional connectivity, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. Previous work suggested that a moderate dose of alcohol reduces the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons, thereby leading to a state of pyramidal disinhibition and hyperexcitability. The present study aims to relate alcohol-induced changes in functional connectivity to regional genetic markers of GABAergic interneurons. Healthy young adults (N = 15, 5 males) underwent resting state functional MRI scanning prior to alcohol administration, immediately and 90 min after alcohol administration. Functional connectivity density mapping was performed to quantify alcohol-induced changes in resting brain activity between conditions. Patterns of differences between conditions were related to regional genetic markers that express the primary GABAergic cortical interneuron subtypes (parvalbumin, somatostatin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A) obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. Acute alcohol administration increased local functional connectivity density within the visual cortex, sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum. Patterns of alcohol-induced changes in local functional connectivity density inversely correlated with somatostatin cortical gene expression. These findings suggest that somatostatin-expressing interneurons modulate alcohol-induced changes in functional connectivity in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mutsuki Sakuma
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunji Oshima
- Sustainable Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality and Innovations, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachio Matsushita
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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