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Peng M, Meng H, Wang J, Guo M, Li T, Qian X, Chen R, Jin H, Huang C. p27 specifically decreases in squamous carcinoma, and mediates NNK-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18577. [PMID: 39099000 PMCID: PMC11298314 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with cigarette smoking being the most critical factor, linked to nearly 90% of lung cancer cases. NNK, a highly carcinogenic nitrosamine found in tobacco, is implicated in the lung cancer-causing effects of cigarette smoke. Although NNK is known to mutate or activate certain oncogenes, its potential interaction with p27 in modulating these carcinogenic effects is currently unexplored. Recent studies have identified specific downregulation of p27 in human squamous cell carcinoma, in contrast to adenocarcinoma. Additionally, exposure to NNK significantly suppresses p27 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Subsequent studies indicates that the downregulation of p27 is pivotal in NNK-induced cell transformation. Mechanistic investigations have shown that reduced p27 expression leads to increased level of ITCH, which facilitates the degradation of Jun B protein. This degradation in turn, augments miR-494 expression and its direct regulation of JAK1 mRNA stability and protein expression, ultimately activating STAT3 and driving cell transformation. In summary, our findings reveal that: (1) the downregulation of p27 increases Jun B expression by upregulating Jun B E3 ligase ITCH, which then boosts miR-494 transcription; (2) Elevated miR-494 directly binds to 3'-UTR of JAK1 mRNA, enhancing its stability and protein expression; and (3) The JAK1/STAT3 pathway is a downstream effector of p27, mediating the oncogenic effect of NNK in lung cancer. These findings provide significant insight into understanding the participation of mechanisms underlying p27 inhibition of NNK induced lung squamous cell carcinogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Tengda Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Ruifan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Honglei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouZhejiangChina
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Xie K. PHLPP2: A Prognostic Biomarker in Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:1099-1106. [PMID: 37737218 PMCID: PMC10645281 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adenocarcinoma of the rectum (READ) is typically diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of early-onset spe- cific features. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used bioinformatics analysis of READ ribonucleic acid sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Overlapping genes between DEGs and autophagy-associated genes were screened for prognosis-associated DEGs, which were then validated in the OncoLnc database. RESULTS A total of 129 autophagy-associated DEGs were identified, with 17 genes found to be associated with READ prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that only the PHLPP2 gene was significantly associated with READ prognosis (hazard ratio = 0.442, P = .026), and its low expression correlated with low survival in patients with brain lower-grade glioma (P = .00623) and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P = .00109). CONCLUSIONS PHLPP2 expression may serve as a READ-specific prognostic biomarker and is involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keju Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing Municipal Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Tian Z, Hua X, Zhu J, Li P, Chen R, Li X, Li T, Zhou C, Huang C. ATG7 upregulation contributes to malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by B[a]PDE via DNMT3B protein degradation and miR-494 promoter methylation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115273. [PMID: 37480691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer primarily arises from exposure to various environmental factors, particularly airborne pollutants. Among the various lung carcinogens, benzo(a)pyrene and its metabolite B[a]PDE are the strongest ones that actively contribute to lung cancer development. ATG7 is an E1-like activating enzyme and contributes to activating autophagic responses in mammal cells. However, the potential alterations of ATG7 and its role in B[a]PDE-caused lung carcinogenesis remain unknown. Here, we found that B[a]PDE exposure promoted ATG7 expression in mouse lung tissues, while B[a]PDE exposure resulted in ATG7 induction in human normal bronchial epithelial cells. Our studies also demonstrated a significant correlation between high ATG7 expression levels and poor overall survival in lung cancer patients. ATG7 knockdown significantly repressed Beas-2B cell transformation upon B[a]PDE exposure, and such promotive effect of ATG7 on cell transformation mediated the p27 translation inhibition. Further studies revealed that miR-373 inhibition was required to stabilize ATG7 mRNA, therefore increasing ATG7 expression following B[a]PDE exposure, while ATG7 induction led to the autophagic degradation of the DNA methyltransferase 3 Beta (DNMT3B) protein, in turn promoted miR-494 transcription via its promoter region methylation status suppression. We also found that the miR-494 upregulation inhibited p27 protein translation and promoted bronchial epithelial cell transformation via its directly targeting p27 mRNA 3'-UTR region. Current studies, to the best of our knowledge, are for the first time to identify that ATG7 induction and its mediated autophagy is critical for B[a]PDE-induced transformation of human normal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxian Tian
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Medicine. Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Chest Cancer, Shandong University, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Medicine. Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033 China
| | - Ruifan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Medicine. Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xin Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Medicine. Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Tengda Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Medicine. Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chengfan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Key Laboratory of Medicine. Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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Gray A, Cui T, Bell EH, McElroy J, Sebastian E, Li F, Geurts M, Liu K, Robe P, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. MicroRNA-575 acts as a novel oncogene via targeting multiple signaling pathways in glioblastoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 128:104813. [PMID: 35901926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) patients currently face poor survival outcomes with an average survival period of <15 months, while only 3-5% of patients survive longer than 36 months. Although the mechanisms of tumorigenesis are still being elucidated, miRNAs are promising candidates to explore as novel and prognostic biomarkers in GBM. In this study, we identified the association between miR-575 expression and overall survival (OS) of primary GBM patients and undertook functional studies to discern the contribution of miR-575 to GBM tumorigenesis. METHODS Total RNAs were isolated from 254 FFPE GBM tumor samples and miR expression was assayed (simultaneously) using NanoString Technologies. To determine the association between miR-575 and patients' prognosis, Kaplan-Meier, univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed. Cell proliferation, colony formation, migration assays were conducted to investigate the function of miR-575 in vitro and in vivo. In silico target gene network analysis was performed to identify the putative targets of miR-575 in GBM, which were further verified by luciferase reporter assay, as well as qPCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Our clinical data (n = 254) show that miR-575 is associated with worse GBM OS by univariable analysis (UVA, HR = 1.27, p-value<0.001) and multivariable (MVA, HR = 1.23, p = 0.007) analysis incorporating critical clinical variables. Functional studies indicated that overexpression of miR-575 significantly increased cell proliferation and migration of GBM cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. Subsequent in silico target gene network and mechanistic studies identified CDKN1B/p27 and PTEN, as potential targets of miR-575 in GBM. MicroRNA-575 can also regulate the activity of AKT and ERK pathways in GBM. CONCLUSION miR-575 has prognostic value in GBM, with higher expression associating with worse OS of patients, and contributes to GBM tumorigenesis by regulating multiple signaling pathways in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Gray
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erica Hlavin Bell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph McElroy
- The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marjolein Geurts
- Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kevin Liu
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Pierre Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Jaharul Haque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Arthur G. James Hospital/Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Nuclear Vav3 is required for polycomb repression complex-1 activity in B-cell lymphoblastic leukemogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3056. [PMID: 35650206 PMCID: PMC9160250 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) results from oligo-clonal evolution of B-cell progenitors endowed with initiating and propagating leukemia properties. The activation of both the Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rac GEF) Vav3 and Rac GTPases is required for leukemogenesis mediated by the oncogenic fusion protein BCR-ABL. Vav3 expression becomes predominantly nuclear upon expression of BCR-ABL signature. In the nucleus, Vav3 interacts with BCR-ABL, Rac, and the polycomb repression complex (PRC) proteins Bmi1, Ring1b and Ezh2. The GEF activity of Vav3 is required for the proliferation, Bmi1-dependent B-cell progenitor self-renewal, nuclear Rac activation, protein interaction with Bmi1, mono-ubiquitination of H2A(K119) (H2AK119Ub) and repression of PRC-1 (PRC1) downstream target loci, of leukemic B-cell progenitors. Vav3 deficiency results in de-repression of negative regulators of cell proliferation and repression of oncogenic transcriptional factors. Mechanistically, we show that Vav3 prevents the Phlpp2-sensitive and Akt (S473)-dependent phosphorylation of Bmi1 on the regulatory residue S314 that, in turn, promotes the transcriptional factor reprogramming of leukemic B-cell progenitors. These results highlight the importance of non-canonical nuclear Rho GTPase signaling in leukemogenesis. Ph+ and Ph-like B-ALL remain poor prognosis leukemias. VAV3, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is activated and overexpressed in these leukemias. Here the authors reveal that leukemic VAV3 is predominantly nuclear. Nuclear VAV3, through its guanine nucleotide exchange factor and its effector nuclear RAC2, controls the repressive transcriptional activity of the polycomb repression complex-1 via nuclear AKT/PHLPP2 regulated BMI1.
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Han G, Song L, Ding Z, Wang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Ma C. The Important Double-Edged Role of Astrocytes in Neurovascular Unit After Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:833431. [PMID: 35462697 PMCID: PMC9021601 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.833431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurovascular unit (NVU) which is composed of neurons, astrocytes (Ast), microglia (MG), vascular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has become an attractive field in ischemic stroke. As the important component of NVU, Ast closely interacts with other constituents, which has been playing double-edged sword roles, beneficial or detrimental after ischemic stroke. Based on the pathophysiological changes, we evaluated some strategies for targeting Ast in treating ischemic stroke. The present review is focused on the roles of Ast in NVU and its complex signaling molecular network after ischemic stroke, which may be a prospective approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Song,
| | - Zhibin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Yuqing Yan,
| | - Jianjun Huang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, China
- Jianjun Huang,
| | - Cungen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
- Cungen Ma,
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TRIM46 activates AKT/HK2 signaling by modifying PHLPP2 ubiquitylation to promote glycolysis and chemoresistance of lung cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:285. [PMID: 35354796 PMCID: PMC8967906 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of lung cancer is increasing worldwide. Although great progress in lung cancer treatment has been made, the clinical outcome is still unsatisfactory. Tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins has been shown to be closely related to tumor progression. However, the function of TRIM46 in lung cancer is largely unknown. Here, TRIM46 amplification was found in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and TRIM46 amplification was significantly associated with a poor survival rate. Overexpression of wild type TRIM46 increased the proliferation of LUAD cells and glycolysis, promoted xenografts growth, and enhanced cisplatin (DDP) resistance of LUAD cells via increased ubiquitination of pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) and upregulation of p-AKT. In contrast, overexpression of RING-mutant TRIM46 did not show any effects, suggesting the function of TRIM46 was dependent on the E3 ligase activity. Furthermore, we found that TRIM46 promoted LUAD cell proliferation and DDP resistance by enhancing glycolysis. PHLPP2 overexpression reversed the effects of TRIM46 overexpression. Amplification of TRIM46 also promoted LUAD growth and enhanced its DDP resistance in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. In conclusion, our data highlight the importance of TRIM46/PHLPP2/AKT signaling in lung cancer and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Binlateh T, Uppatcha N, Thepchai J, Pleungtuk Y, Noisa P, Hutamekalin P, Jitprasertwong P. Cordycepin attenuates migration and invasion of HSC-4 oral squamous carcinoma cells through autophagy-dependent FAK/Akt and MMP2/MMP9 suppression. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1677-1688. [PMID: 36299321 PMCID: PMC9588793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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p27 Kip1, an Intrinsically Unstructured Protein with Scaffold Properties. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092254. [PMID: 34571903 PMCID: PMC8465030 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulator p27Kip1 is a gatekeeper of G1/S transition. It also regulates G2/M progression and cytokinesis completion, via CDK-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Recently, other important p27Kip1 functions have been described, including the regulation of cell motility and migration, the control of cell differentiation program and the activation of apoptosis/autophagy. Several factors modulate p27Kip1 activities, including its level, cellular localization and post-translational modifications. As a matter of fact, the protein is phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, SUMOylated, O-linked N-acetylglicosylated and acetylated on different residues. p27Kip1 belongs to the family of the intrinsically unstructured proteins and thus it is endowed with a large flexibility and numerous interactors, only partially identified. In this review, we look at p27Kip1 properties and ascribe part of its heterogeneous functions to the ability to act as an anchor or scaffold capable to participate in the construction of different platforms for modulating cell response to extracellular signals and allowing adaptation to environmental changes.
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Colonic Epithelial PHLPP2 Deficiency Promotes Colonic Epithelial Pyroptosis by Activating the NF- κB Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5570731. [PMID: 34394827 PMCID: PMC8363454 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5570731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Barrier defect in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is one of the main pathogeneses in UC. Pyroptosis is a programmed lytic cell death and is triggered by inflammatory caspases, while little is known about its role in UC. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing UC patients with healthy controls from the GEO datasets. The candidate genes involved in pyroptosis were obtained, and the underlying molecular mechanism in the progression of UC was explored in vivo and in vitro. Results Pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2), a protein phosphatase, was downregulated and involved in regulating inflammation-induced IEC pyroptosis by modulating the NF-κB signaling in UC through bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, we demonstrated that PHLPP2 was downregulated in UC patients and UC mice. Besides, we found that PHLPP2 depletion activated the NF-κB signaling and increased the expressions of caspase-1 P20, Gasdermin N, IL-18, and IL-1β contributing to IEC pyroptosis and inflammation in UC mice. Furthermore, we found that PHLPP2−/− mice developed hypersensitivity to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment toward colitis showing activated NF-κB signaling and dramatically induced expressions of caspase-1 P20, Gasdermin N, IL-18, and IL-1β. Mechanically, this inflammation-induced downregulation of PHLPP2 was alleviated by an NF-κB signaling inhibitor in intestinal organoids of PHLPP2−/− mice and fetal colonic cells. Conclusions PHLPP2 downexpression activated the NF-κB signaling and promoted the IEC pyroptosis, leading to UC progression. Therefore, PHLPP2 might be an attractive candidate therapeutic target for UC.
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Zhang J, Zha W, Qian C, Ding A, Mao Z. Circular RNA circ_0001017 Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by the miR-543/PHLPP2 Axis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:558-575. [PMID: 34313883 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) remains a major challenge for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the development of CDDP resistance of GC. However, the precise actions of circ_0001017 in CDDP resistance of GC remain to be elucidated. The levels of circ_0001017, microRNA (miR)-543 and PH-domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) mRNA were gauged by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of Vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and PHLPP2. Ribonuclease R (RNase R) assay was applied to evaluate the stability of circ_0001017. Cell viability and proliferation, colony formation ability, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, and migration and invasion were detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays, respectively. Direct relationship between miR-543 and circ_0001017 or PHLPP2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Xenograft model assay was used to assess the function of circ_0001017 in vivo. Low expression of circ_0001017 was associated with CDDP resistance of GC. Enforced expression of circ_0001017 impeded growth, metastasis, and enhanced apoptosis of HGC-27/R and AGS/R cells and sensitized them to CDDP in vitro. Circ_0001017 targeted miR-543, and circ_0001017 regulated CDDP-resistant cell behaviors and CDDP sensitivity by suppressing miR-543. PHLPP2 was a direct target of miR-543, and circ_0001017 controlled PHLPP2 expression through miR-543. Moreover, miR-543 knockdown-mediated promotion of PHLPP2 impacted CDDP-resistant cell behaviors and CDDP sensitivity in vitro. Additionally, elevated expression of circ_0001017 hindered growth of HGC-27/R cells and sensitized them to CDDP in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that enforced expression of circ_0001017 suppressed malignant behaviors and enhanced CDDP sensitivity of CDDP-resistant GC cells at least partially by the miR-543/PHLPP2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.,Departments of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenzhang Zha
- Departments of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changchun Qian
- Departments of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aixing Ding
- Departments of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongqi Mao
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou City, 215000, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wang M, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L. LncRNA LOC729178 acts as a sponge of miR-144-3p to mitigate cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammatory injury via regulating PHLPP2 in 16HBE cells. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:437-447. [PMID: 33847879 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory respiratory disease. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. In the present study, we set to investigate the role and mechanism of LOC729178 on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced inflammatory damage in 16HBE cells. The expression levels of LOC729178, miR-144-3p, and PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay was performed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-8. Targeted relationships among LOC729178, miR-144-3p, and PHLPP2 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Our data indicated that LOC729178 was underexpressed in COPD tissues and CSE-treated 16HBE cells. Exogenous expression of LOC729178 alleviated CSE-induced inflammatory injury in 16HBE cells. LOC729178 targeted miR-144-3p by directly binding to miR-144-3p. miR-144-3p was a downstream effector of LOC729178 function. PHLPP2 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-144-3p. Furthermore, LOC729178 operated as a post-transcriptional regulator of PHLPP2 expression through miR-144-3p. Our current study suggested that LOC729178 overexpression alleviated CSE-induced inflammatory injury in 16HBE cells at least in part by up-regulating PHLPP2 via sponging miR-144-3p, providing a rationale for developing LOC729178 as a potential therapeutic agent against COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
- First People's Hospital of Jining City Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Jining City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Dongying District People's Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Luchang Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Jining City Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Jining City, Shandong Province, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Jining City, First People's Hospital of Jining City affiliated to Jining Medical College, No. 6, Health Road, Rencheng District, Jining City, 272011, Shandong Province, China.
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13
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Jin H, Ma J, Xu J, Li H, Chang Y, Zang N, Tian Z, Wang X, Zhao N, Liu L, Chen C, Xie Q, Lu Y, Fang Z, Huang X, Huang C, Huang H. Oncogenic role of MIR516A in human bladder cancer was mediated by its attenuating PHLPP2 expression and BECN1-dependent autophagy. Autophagy 2021; 17:840-854. [PMID: 32116109 PMCID: PMC8078721 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1733262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although MIR516A has been reported to be downregulated and act as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers, its expression and potential contribution to human bladder cancer (BC) remain unexplored. Unexpectedly, we showed here that MIR516A was markedly upregulated in human BC tissues and cell lines, while inhibition of MIR516A expression attenuated BC cell monolayer growth in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo, accompanied with increased expression of PHLPP2. Further studies showed that MIR516A was able to directly bind to the 3'-untranslated region of PHLPP2 mRNA, which was essential for its attenuating PHLPP2 expression. The knockdown of PHLPP2 expression in MIR516A-inhibited cells could reverse BC cell growth, suggesting that PHLPP2 is a MIR516A downstream mediator responsible for MIR516A oncogenic effect. PHLPP2 was able to mediate BECN1/Beclin1 stabilization indirectly, therefore promoting BECN1-dependent macroautophagy/autophagy, and inhibiting BC tumor cell growth. In addition, our results indicated that the increased autophagy by attenuating MIR516A resulted in a dramatic inhibition of xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Collectively, our results reveal that MIR516A has a novel oncogenic function in BC growth by directing binding to PHLPP2 3'-UTR and inhibiting PHLPP2 expression, in turn at least partly promoting CUL4A-mediated BECN1 protein degradation, thereby attenuating autophagy and promoting BC growth, which is a distinct function of MIR516A identified in other cancers.Abbreviation: ATG3: autophagy related 3; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BC: bladder cancer; CHX: cycloheximide; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CUL3: cullin 3; CUL4A: cullin 4A; CUL4B: cullin 4B; IF: immunofluorescence: IHC-p: immunohistochemistry-paraffin; MIR516A: microRNA 516a (microRNA 516a1 and microRNA 516a2); MS: mass spectrometry; PHLPP2: PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiugao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Zang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyong Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhouxi Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Wu J, Wen JM, Wang YC, Luo WJ, Wang QF, Lv H, Dai B, Ye DW, Su HC, Zhu YP. Prognostic Value of an Immunohistochemical Signature in Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:641385. [PMID: 33842349 PMCID: PMC8027317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.641385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of various diagnostic immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and develop an IHC-based classifier to predict the disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods IHC was performed on tumor specimens from 366 patients with transitional cell bladder cancer. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to develop a multi-marker classifier for predicting DFS of patients with bladder cancer. The Kaplan-Meier estimate was performed to assess DFS, and unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models were used to identify independent risk factors to predict DFS of patients with bladder cancer. Results Based on the LASSO Cox regression model, nine prognostic markers were identified in the training cohort. Patients were stratified into low- and high-risk groups using the IHC-based classifier. In the training cohort, the 10-year DFS was significantly better in low-risk patients (71%) compared with high-risk patients (18%) (p < 0.001); in the validation cohort, the 10-year DFS was 86% for the low-risk group and 20% for the high-risk group (p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that the high-risk group based on the classifier was associated with poorer DFS adjusted by clinicopathological characteristics. Finally, a nomogram comprising the classifier and clinicopathological factors was developed for clinical application. Conclusion The nine-IHC-based classifier is a reliable prognostic tool, which can eventually guide clinical decision making regarding treatment strategy and follow-up scheduling of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Miao Wen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Luo
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Chuan Su
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Wu Y, Li X, Chen M, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zheng S, Xu X. Phosphorylation of PED/PEA-15 at Ser116 and phosphorylation of p27 at Thr187 indicates a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:177. [PMID: 33574916 PMCID: PMC7816284 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes a deadly cancer with a high rate of recurrence and metastasis. Phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 (PED/PEA-15) is a protein involved in the metabolism of glucose that regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell division, apoptosis and migration in numerous types of cancer. However, PED/PEA-15 may act as a tumor-promotor or a tumor-suppressor depending on its phosphorylation status. In the present study, the association between the phosphorylation of PED/PEA-15 at Ser116 [PED/PEA-15(S116)], the phosphorylation of P27 at Thr187 [P-p27(T187)] and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with HCC was assessed. The levels of PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) were determined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis in resected liver tumor tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues obtained from 60 patients with HCC as well as normal liver tissues from 12 patients with benign lesions. The association between the expression levels of these two markers and the clinicopathological features of patients with HCC was explored. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the prognostic value of PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) expression levels was determined. The results demonstrated that the levels of PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) proteins were remarkably higher in the HCC group compared with those in the adjacent and normal tissue groups (both P<0.05). In addition, a moderate positive correlation was observed between the levels of PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) (r=0.434; P<0.05). The levels of these two proteins were associated with the Edmondson grade, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage, vascular invasion and tumor multiplicity (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier analysis results demonstrated that patients with HCC that presented with positive expression of PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) exhibited a dismal prognosis compared with that in patients with negative expression regarding the overall survival (OS), as well as disease-free survival (both P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the TNM stage (P<0.05), vascular invasion (P<0.05), PED/PEA-15(S116) levels (P<0.001) and P-p27(T187) levels (P<0.05) were independent prognostic factors for OS in patients with HCC. In conclusion the results of the present study demonstrated that PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) levels were upregulated in HCC tissues compared with those in the adjacent and normal tissues; PED/PEA-15(S116) and P-p27(T187) expression may serve as an indicator of a poor prognosis in patients with HCC, suggesting that these proteins may be prospective therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Xianpeng Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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16
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Chang Y, Jin H, Li H, Ma J, Zheng Z, Sun B, Lyu Y, Lin M, Zhao H, Shen L, Zhang R, Wu S, Lin W, Lu Y, Xie Q, Zhang G, Huang X, Huang H. MiRNA-516a promotes bladder cancer metastasis by inhibiting MMP9 protein degradation via the AKT/FOXO3A/SMURF1 axis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e263. [PMID: 33377649 PMCID: PMC7752166 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, current available treatments exert little effects on metastatic BC. Moreover, traditional grading and staging have only a limited ability to identify metastatic BC. Accumulating evidence indicates that the aberrant expression of microRNA is intimately associated with tumor progression. So far, many miRNAs have been identified as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This study focused on the role of miR-516a-5p (miR-516a) in BC. METHODS MiR-516a expression and its downstream signaling pathway were detected using molecular cell biology and biochemistry approaches and techniques. Fresh clinical BC tissue was used to study the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with different miR-516a expression. The biological functions of miR-516a in BC were tested both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS A more invasive BC phenotype was significantly and positively correlated with miR-516a overexpression in BC patients. MiR-516a inhibition significantly decreased BC cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR-516a attenuated the expression of PH domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein phosphatase 2 protein and inhibited SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 transcription by activating the AKT/Forkhead box O3 signaling pathway, which stabilized MMP9 and slowed down its proteasomal degradation, ultimately promoting BC motility and invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the crucial function of miR-516a in promoting BC metastasis, and elucidate the molecular mechanism involved, suggesting that miR-516a may be a promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiugao Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhijian Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Binuo Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yiting Lyu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Mengqi Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - He Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Liping Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shuilian Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yongyong Lu
- The First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Gang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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17
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Fang F, Cheng L, Wu X, Ye M, Zhang H. miR-141 Promotes Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation by Targeted PHLPP2 Expression Inhibitionn. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11341-11350. [PMID: 33204152 PMCID: PMC7661787 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s256670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Colon cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer with a high rate of incidence and mortality. Therefore, it is highly necessary to explore novel targets of CC. Methods The miRNA-seq and RNA-seq data of CC were accessed from the TCGA database. Differential analysis was performed using the "edgeR" package to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DE_miRNAs). The downstream target genes of the target miRNA were then predicted by miRNA target prediction databases to identify the target mRNA. Normal colon cell line CCD-18Co and CC cell lines HCT-116, HT-29, SW620 and SW480 were chosen, and qRT-PCR was conducted to detect miR-141 expression in these cell lines. qRT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to determine PHLPP2 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-141 and PHLPP2 3'UTR. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were carried out to detect cell proliferation. Meanwhile, tumor xenograft model in nude mice was constructed to assess CC cell tumorigenic ability in vivo. Results miR-141 was markedly up-regulated in CC tissue. CC cell proliferation and in vivo tumorigenic ability were suppressed by miR-141 silencing but promoted by miR-141 over-expression. PHLPP2 was significantly down-regulated in cancer tissue. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that miR-141 could bind to PHLPP2 3'UTR. PHLPP2 expression was noticeably elevated upon miR-141 deficiency but significantly inhibited upon miR-141 over-expression. CCK-8 and colony formation assay suggested that miR-141 facilitated CC cell proliferation by silencing PHLPP2. Conclusion miR-141 promotes CC cell proliferation by targeted silencing PHLPP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhuang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua 321000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotang Wu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfeng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, Jinhua Guangfu Hospital, Jinhua 321000, People's Republic of China
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18
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Konac E, Kurman Y, Baltaci S. Contrast effects of autophagy in the treatment of bladder cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:354-367. [PMID: 32954815 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220959336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a disease that negatively affects patients' quality of life, but treatment options have remained unchanged for a long time. Although promising results have been achieved with current bladder cancer treatments, cancer recurrence, progression, and therapy resistance are the most severe problems preventing the efficiency of bladder cancer treatments. Autophagy refers to an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in which proteins, damaged organelles, and cytoplasmic components are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. Autophagy regulates the therapeutic response to the chemotherapy drugs, thus determining the effect of therapy on cancer cells. Autophagy is a stress-induced cell survival mechanism and its excessive stimulation can cause resistance of tumor cells to therapeutic agents. Depending on the conditions, an increase in autophagy may cause treatment resistance or autophagic cell death, and it is related to important anti-cancer mechanisms, such as apoptosis. Therefore, understanding the roles of autophagy under different conditions is important for designing effective anti-cancer agents. The dual role of autophagy in cancer has attracted considerable attention in respect of bladder cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the basic characteristics of autophagy, including its mechanisms, regulation, and functions, and we present examples from current studies concerning the dual role of autophagy in bladder cancer progression and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Konac
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Yener Kurman
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Sümer Baltaci
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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19
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Xu J, Yang R, Hua X, Huang M, Tian Z, Li J, Lam HY, Jiang G, Cohen M, Huang C. lncRNA SNHG1 Promotes Basal Bladder Cancer Invasion via Interaction with PP2A Catalytic Subunit and Induction of Autophagy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:354-366. [PMID: 32650234 PMCID: PMC7340968 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although basal muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) are predominant, are more aggressive, and have bad prognoses, molecular mechanisms underlying how basal MIBC formation/progression have been barely explored. In the present study, SNHG1, a long non-coding RNA, was shown to be expressed at higher levels in basal MIBC cells than in other types of bladder BC cells, and its presence could promote basal MIBC cell invasion. The results revealed that SNHG1 specifically induced MMP2 expression via increasing its transcription and mRNA stability. In one mechanism, SNHG1 directly bound with PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A-c) to inhibit interactions of PP2A-c with c-Jun and then promoted c-Jun phosphorylation that, in turn, mediated MMP2 transcription. In another mechanism, SNHG1 markedly induced autophagy in the cells via induction of increases in the abundance of autophagy-related proteins. The latter initiated autophagy and further abolished miR-34a stability, which reduced overall miR-34a binding directly to the 3' UTR of MMP2 mRNA, thereby promoting MMP2 mRNA stabilization. These results provided novel insight into understanding the specific functions of SNHG1 in basal MIBC. Such findings may ultimately prove highly significant for the design/synthesis of new SNHG1-based compounds for the treatment of basal MIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Maowen Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Hoi Yun Lam
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mitchell Cohen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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20
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Brito LM, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Vidal AF, de Araújo GS. Differential Expression and miRNA-Gene Interactions in Early and Late Mild Cognitive Impairment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090251. [PMID: 32872134 PMCID: PMC7565463 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are complex diseases with their molecular architecture not elucidated. APOE, Amyloid Beta Precursor Protein (APP), and Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are well-known genes associated with both MCI and AD. Recently, epigenetic alterations and dysregulated regulatory elements, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been reported associated with neurodegeneration. In this study, differential expression analysis (DEA) was performed for genes and miRNAs based on microarray and RNA-Seq data. Global gene profile of healthy individuals, early and late mild cognitive impairment (EMCI and LMCI, respectively), and AD was obtained from ADNI Cohort. miRNA global profile of healthy individuals and AD patients was extracted from public RNA-Seq data. DEA performed with limma package on ADNI Cohort data highlighted eight differential expressed (DE) genes (AGER, LINC00483, MMP19, CATSPER1, ARFGAP1, GPER1, PHLPP2, TRPM2) (false discovery rate (FDR) p-value < 0.05) between EMCI and LMCI patients. Previous molecular studies showed associations between these genes with dementia and neurological-related pathways. Five dysregulated miRNAs were identified by DEA performed with RNA-Seq data and edgeR (FDR p-value < 0.002). All reported miRNAs in AD interact with the aforementioned genes. Our integrative transcriptomic analysis was able to identify a set of miRNA-gene interactions that may be involved in cognitive and neurodegeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Miranda Brito
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.M.B.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (A.F.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.M.B.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (A.F.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda Ferreira Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.M.B.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (A.F.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Gilderlanio Santana de Araújo
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.M.B.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (A.F.V.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciêncas Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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21
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Hua X, Huang M, Deng X, Xu J, Luo Y, Xie Q, Xu J, Tian Z, Li J, Zhu J, Huang C, Zhao QS, Huang H, Huang C. The inhibitory effect of compound ChlA-F on human bladder cancer cell invasion can be attributed to its blockage of SOX2 protein. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:632-645. [PMID: 31243344 PMCID: PMC7205984 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), a well-known stemness biomarker, is highly expressed in a variety of cancers, including human highly invasive bladder cancer (BC). However, the role of SOX2 may vary in different kinds of malignancy. In the present study, we discovered that ChlA-F, a novel conformation derivative of isolate Cheliensisin A (Chel A), remarkably inhibits the invasive ability of human invasive BC cells through downregulation of SOX2 protein expression. We found that ChlA-F treatment dramatically decreases SOX2 protein expression in human high-grade invasive BC cells. Ectopic expression of SOX2 reversed ChlA-F inhibition of cell invasion ability in human bladder cancer cells, suggesting that SOX2 is a major target of ChlA-F during its inhibition of human BC invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed that ChlA-F downregulates SOX2 at both the protein degradation and protein translation levels. Further studies revealed that ChlA-F treatment induces HuR protein expression and that the increased HuR interacts with USP8 mRNA, resulting in elevation of USP8 mRNA stability and protein expression. Elevated USP8 subsequently acts as an E3 ligase to promote SOX2 ubiquitination and protein degradation. We also found that ChlA-F treatment substantially increases c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73, initiating miR-200c transcription. The increased miR-200c directly binds to the 3'-UTR of SOX2 mRNA to suppress SOX2 protein translation. These results present novel mechanistic insight into understanding SOX2 inhibition upon ChlA-F treatment and provide important information for further exploration of ChlA-F as a new therapeutic compound for the treatment of highly invasive/metastatic human BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maowen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Yisi Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650204, Kunming, China.
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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22
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Gao Z, Fu P, Yu Z, Zhen F, Gu Y. Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNA-miRNA- mRNA Network Ascertains Prognostic Factors in Patients with Colon Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819853237. [PMID: 31159706 PMCID: PMC6552362 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819853237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-coding RNAs are competing endogenous RNAs in the occurrence and development of tumorigenesis; numerous microRNAs are aberrantly expressed in colon cancer tissues and play significant roles in oncogenesis development and metastasis. However, large clinical and RNA data are lacking to further confirm the exact role of these RNAs in tumors. This study aimed to ascertain differential RNA expression between colon cancer and normal colon tissues. Materials and Methods: RNA sequencing and clinical data of patients with colon cancer were procured from The Cancer Genome Atlas database; differentially expressed long non-coding RNA, differentially expressed messenger RNAs, and differentially expressed microRNAs were achieved using the limma package in edgeR to generate competing endogenous RNAs networks. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were conducted with ggplot2 package, the Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to predict survival in patients with colon cancer. Results: In total, 1174 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs, 2068 differentially expressed messenger RNAs, and 239 differentially expressed microRNAs were generated between 480 colon cancer and 41 normal colon tissue samples. Three competing endogenous RNA networks were established. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the genes of the up-regulated microRNA network were involved in negative regulation of transcription, DNA-template, and those of down-regulated microRNA network were involved in transforming growth factor β receptor signaling pathways, response to hypoxia, cell migration, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of these networks turned out to be negative. Three long non-coding RNAs (AP004609.1, ARHGEF26-AS1, and LINC00491), 3 microRNAs (miRNA-141, miRNA-216a, and miRNA-193b) and 3 RNAs (ULBP2, PHLPP2, and TPM2) were detected to be associated with prognosis by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Additionally, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the microRNA-216a of the competing endogenous RNA might be an independent prognostic factor in colon cancer. Conclusions: This study constructed the non-coding RNA-related competing endogenous RNA networks in colon cancer and sheds lights on underlying biomarkers for colon cancer cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Gao
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Bone Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Peng Fu
- 2 Department of Bone Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhengyi Yu
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuxi Zhen
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Xu J, Hua X, Yang R, Jin H, Li J, Zhu J, Tian Z, Huang M, Jiang G, Huang H, Huang C. XIAP Interaction with E2F1 and Sp1 via its BIR2 and BIR3 domains specific activated MMP2 to promote bladder cancer invasion. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:71. [PMID: 31811115 PMCID: PMC6898186 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
XIAP has generally been thought to function in bladder cancer. However, the potential function of structure-based function of XIAP in human BC invasion has not been well explored before. We show here that ectopic expression of the BIR domains of XIAP specifically resulted in MMP2 activation and cell invasion in XIAP-deleted BC cells, while Src was further defined as an XIAP downstream negative regulator for MMP2 activation and BC cell invasion. The inhibition of Src expression by the BIR domains was caused by attenuation of Src protein translation upon miR-203 upregulation; which was resulted from direct interaction of BIR2 and BIR3 with E2F1 and Sp1, respectively. The interaction of BIR2/BIR3 with E2F1/Sp1 unexpectedly occurred, which could be blocked by serum-induced XIAP translocation. Taken together, our studies, for the first time revealed that: (1) BIR2 and BIR3 domains of XIAP play their role in cancer cell invasion without affecting cell migration by specific activation of MMP2 in human BC cells; (2) by BIR2 interacting with E2F1 and BIR3 interacting with Sp1, XIAP initiates E2F1/Sp1 positive feedback loop-dependent transcription of miR-203, which in turn inhibits Src protein translation, further leading to MMP2-cleaved activation; (3) XIAP interaction with E2F1 and Sp1 is observed in the nucleus. Our findings provide novel insights into understanding the specific function of BIR2 and BIR3 of XIAP in BC invasion, which will be highly significant for the design/synthesis of new BIR2/BIR3-based compounds for invasive BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Xu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Junlan Zhu
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Maowen Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Guosong Jiang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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24
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Wang H, Gu R, Tian F, Liu Y, Fan W, Xue G, Cai L, Xing Y. PHLPP2 as a novel metastatic and prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:2124-2132. [PMID: 31571378 PMCID: PMC6825916 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PH domain and leucine‐rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) has been reported to be a potent tumor suppressor in many human cancers. However, PHLPP2 has not been fully researched as a putative clinical prognostic biomarker of lung cancer. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases including data on 1383 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were used to determine PHLPP2 expression. PHLPP2 expression was then examined by immunohistochemistry, and its clinical significance analyzed in 134 NSCLC patients, including 73 patients with adenocarcinoma and 81 with squamous cell carcinoma. Results We found PHLPP2 expression to be less pronounced in NSCLC tissue samples than that in nontumoral lung tissues according to data taken from TCGA and GEO datasets; this outcome was further validated by immunohistochemistry assay. The low PHLPP2 expression level was found to be associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003). Importantly, PHLPP2 was found to be an independent indicator of prognosis for overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.520, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 0.327–0.827; P = 0.006) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.489, 95% Cl = 0.308–0.775; P = 0.002) in patients with surgically‐resected NSCLC by multivariate analysis. Conclusion Taken together, our findings show that PHLPP2 is a robust clinical marker for NSCLC survival and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixue Gu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fanglin Tian
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuechao Liu
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Fan
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiqin Xue
- General Surgical Department, The Fifth Hospital of Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Li Cai
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Xing
- The Fourth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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25
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Pan H, Pan J, Song S, Ji L, Lv H, Yang Z. Identification and development of long non-coding RNA-associated regulatory network in colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5200-5210. [PMID: 31144439 PMCID: PMC6653593 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐associated death globally. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as micro RNA (miRNA) sponges in a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and are involved in the regulation of mRNA expression. This study aims to construct a lncRNA‐associated ceRNA network and investigate the prognostic biomarkers in CRC. A total of 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 23 DEmiRNAs and 27 DEmRNAs were identified by analysing the expression profiles of CRC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These RNAs were chosen to develop a ceRNA regulatory network of CRC, which comprised 125 edges. Survival analysis showed that four lncRNAs, six miRNAs and five mRNAs were significantly associated with overall survival. A potential regulatory axis of ADAMTS9‐AS2/miR‐32/PHLPP2 was identified from the network. Experimental validation was performed using clinical samples by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), which showed that expression of the genes in the axis was associated with clinicopathological features and the correlation among them perfectly conformed to the ‘ceRNA theory’. Overexpression of ADAMTS9‐AS2 in colon cancer cell lines significantly inhibited the miR‐32 expression and promoted PHLPP2 expression, while ADAMTS9‐AS2 knockdown had the opposite effects. The constructed novel ceRNA network may provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of CRC carcinogenesis. The ADAMTS9‐AS2/miR‐32/PHLPP2 regulatory axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Pan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Attached Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shibo Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangru Yang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zhu J, Xu C, Ruan L, Wu J, Li Y, Zhang X. MicroRNA-146b Overexpression Promotes Human Bladder Cancer Invasion via Enhancing ETS2-Mediated mmp2 mRNA Transcription. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:531-542. [PMID: 31071529 PMCID: PMC6506625 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although microRNAs have been validated to play prominent roles in the occurrence and development of human bladder cancer (BC), alterations and function of many microRNAs (miRNAs) in bladder cancer invasion are not fully explored yet. miR-146b was reported to be a tumor suppressor or oncomiRNA in various types of cancer. However, its accurate expression, function, and mechanism in bladder cancer remain unclear. Here we discovered that miR-146b was frequently upregulated in bladder cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Inhibition of miR-146b resulted in a significant inhibitory effect on the invasion of bladder cancer cells by reducing mmp2 mRNA transcription and protein expression. We further demonstrated that knockdown of miR-146b attenuated ETS2 expression, which was the transcription factor of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that miR-146b inhibition stabilized ARE/poly(U)-binding/degradation factor 1 (auf1) mRNA by directly binding to its mRNA 3′ UTR, further reduced ets2 mRNA stability, and finally inhibited mmp2 transcription and attenuated bladder cancer invasion abilities. The identification of the miR-146b/AUF1/ETS2/MMP2 mechanism for promoting bladder cancer invasion provides significant insights into understanding the nature of bladder cancer metastasis. Targeting the pathway described here may be a novel approach for inhibiting invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Zhu
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chunxia Xu
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Ruan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- The Precision Medicine Laboratory, Beilun People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Yan Y, Miao D, Yang Z, Zhang D. Loss of p27 kip1 suppresses the myocardial senescence caused by estrogen deficiency. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13994-14003. [PMID: 30957908 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency accelerates the aging process and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apoptosis is one of the important mechanisms of aging. p27kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that can regulate cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell motility. p27kip1 overexpression can inhibit cell cycle and increase apoptosis so it has been considered as a marker of aging. In the present study, bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed as a model for menopause in wild-type (WT) and p27kip1 knockout (KO) mice to assess the effects of p27kip1 loss in myocardial aging caused by estrogen deficiency. We found that myocardial fibrosis and heart weight/body weight ratio of mice in the OVX group and p27kip1 KO group were significantly increased. Echocardiography showed that the left ventricular diameter and volume of the WT OVX group increased significantly and the cardiac function decreased. However, there was no significant difference in the results of echocardiography between the two p27kip1 KO groups. The aging and apoptosis indexes in OVX group were increased significantly, However, the indexes in p27kip1 KO mice were decreased. The expression of antioxidant indexes in OVX group was decreased significantly and p27kip1 KO can improve the antioxidant ability. These results provided that estrogen deficiency increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, accelerated aging of heart. p27kip1 KO can partly delay the aging and apoptosis of heart through upregulated antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Peng M, Wang J, Tian Z, Zhang D, Jin H, Liu C, Xu J, Li J, Hua X, Xu J, Huang C, Huang C. Autophagy-mediated Mir6981 degradation exhibits CDKN1B promotion of PHLPP1 protein translation. Autophagy 2019; 15:1523-1538. [PMID: 30821592 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1586254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PHLPP1 (PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1) is a newly identified family of Ser/Thr phosphatases that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a conserved regulatory motif of the AGC kinases resulting in a tumor suppressive function, while CDKN1B/p27 also acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell cycle, senescence, apoptosis, and cell motility. Our most recent studies reveal that CDKN1B is required for PHLPP1 abundance, which contributes to the inhibition of carcinogenic arsenite-induced cell malignant transformation through inhibition of RPS6-mediated Hif1a translation. However, nothing is known about the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between these 2 key tumor suppressors in intact cells. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we show that CDKN1B is able to promote PHLPP1 protein translation by attenuating the abundance of Mir6981, which binds directly to the 5'untranslated region (UTR) of Phlpp1 mRNA. Further studies indicate that the attenuation of Mir6981 expression is due to macroautophagy/autophagy-mediated degradation of Mir6981 in an SQSTM1/p62-dependent fashion. Moreover, we have determined that Sqstm1 is upregulated by CDKN1B at the level of transcription via enhancing SP1 protein stability in an HSP90-depdendent manner. Collectively, our studies prove that: 1) SQSTM1 is a CDKN1B downstream effector responsible for CDKN1B-mediated autophagy; 2) by promoting the autophagy-mediated degradation of Mir6981, CDKN1B exerts a positive regulatory effect on PHLPP1 translation; 3) Mir6981 suppresses PHLPP1 translation by binding directly to its mRNA 5'-UTR, rather than classical binding to the 3'-UTR. These findings provide significant insight into understanding the crosstalk between CDKN1B and PHLPP1. Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; ACTB: actin beta; BAF: bafilomycin; BECN1: beclin 1; Cdkn1b/p27: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; CHX: cycloheximide; DMEM: dulbecco's modified eagle medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Hif1a: hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; Hsp90: heat shock protein 90; JUN: Jun proto-oncogene, AP1 transcription factor subunit; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MG132: proteasome inhibitor; Mtor: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; Phlpp1: PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 1; Phlpp2: PH domain and leucine rich repeat protein phosphatase 2; Pp2c: protein phosphatase 2 C; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; Sp1: trans-acting transcription factor 1; Sqstm1/p62: sequestosome 1; TUBA: alpha tubulin; 3'-UTR; 3'-untranslated region; 5'-UTR: 5'-untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Peng
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Jingjing Wang
- b School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- b School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Dongyun Zhang
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Honglei Jin
- b School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Claire Liu
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Jiawei Xu
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Jingxia Li
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Jiheng Xu
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Chao Huang
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- a Department of Environmental Medicine and Urology, New York University School of Medicine , Tuxedo , NY , USA
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