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毛 海, 张 帆, 张 展, 颜 野, 郝 一, 黄 毅, 马 潞, 褚 红, 张 树. [Predictive model of early urinary continence recovery based on prostate gland MRI parameters after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2023; 55:818-824. [PMID: 37807734 PMCID: PMC10560893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Constructing a predictive model for urinary incontinence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) based on prostatic gland related MRI parameters. METHODS In this study, 202 cases were included. All the patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer by prostate biopsy and underwent LRP surgery in Peking University Third Hospital. The preoperative MRI examination of all the patients was completed within 1 week before the prostate biopsy. Prostatic gland related parameters included prostate length, width, height, prostatic volume, intravesical prostatic protrusion length (IPPL), prostate apex shape, etc. From the first month after the operation, the recovery of urinary continence was followed up every month, and the recovery of urinary continence was based on the need not to use the urine pad all day long. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the influence of early postoperative recovery of urinary continence. Risk factors were used to draw the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves of each model to predict the recovery of postoperative urinary continence, and the difference of the area under the curve (AUC) was compared by DeLong test, and the clinical net benefit of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS The average age of 202 patients was 69.0 (64.0, 75.5) years, the average prostate specific antigen (PSA) before puncture was 12.12 (7.36, 20.06) μg/L, and the Gleason score < 7 points and ≥ 7 points were 73 cases (36.2%) and 129 cases (63.9%) respectively, with 100 cases (49.5%) at T1/T2 clinical stage, and 102 cases (50.5%) at T3 stage. The prostatic volume measured by preoperative MRI was 35.4 (26.2, 51.1) mL, the ratio of the height to the width was 0.91 (0.77, 1.07), the membranous urethral length (MUL) was 15 (11, 16) mm, and the IPPL was 2 (0, 6) mm. The prostatic apex A-D subtypes were 67 cases (33.2%), 80 cases (39.6%), 24 cases (11.9%) and 31 cases (15.3%), respectively. The training set and validation set were 141 cases and 61 cases, respectively. The operations of all the patients were successfully completed, and the urinary continence rate was 59.4% (120/202) in the 3 months follow-up. The results of multivariate analysis of the training set showed that the MUL (P < 0.001), IPPL (P=0.017) and clinical stage (P=0.022) were independent risk factors for urinary incontinence in the early postoperative period (3 months). The nomogram and clinical decision curve were made according to the results of multivariate analysis. The AUC value of the training set was 0.885 (0.826, 0.944), and the AUC value of the validation set was 0.854 (0.757, 0.950). In the verification set, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was performed on the model, and the Chi-square value was 5.426 (P=0.711). CONCLUSION Preoperative MUL, IPPL, and clinical stage are indepen-dent risk factors for incontinence after LRP. The nomogram developed based on the relevant parameters of MRI glands can effectively predict the recovery of early urinary continence after LRP. The results of this study require further large-scale clinical research to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- 海 毛
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- 重庆市奉节县中医院泌尿外科, 重庆奉节 404600Department of Urology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Fengjie, Fengjie 404600, Chongqing, China
| | - 帆 张
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 展奕 张
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 野 颜
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 一昌 郝
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 毅 黄
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 潞林 马
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 红玲 褚
- 北京大学第三医院临床流行病学研究中心, 北京 100191Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 树栋 张
- 北京大学第三医院泌尿外科, 北京 100191Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Gao Y, Yang Y, Li X, Wang T, Cheng Q, Jia Z, Niu SX, Zhang XY, Wang BJ, Zhang X. Vesicoprostatic muscle reconstruction: a step further for immediate and early urinary continence. World J Urol 2023:10.1007/s00345-023-04398-9. [PMID: 37093318 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The vesicoprostatic muscle (VPM) is a longitudinal smooth muscle that originates from the trigone of the bladder or the opening of the ureter and is involved in urination as part of the detrusor apron. We explored the effect of VPM reconstruction on immediate and early recovery of urinary continence in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 523 patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled from June 2018 to June 2020. All patients were diagnosed in our department based on magnetic resonance imaging and pathological findings on prostate biopsy. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 105 patient pairs were matched. The study was approved by our institutional review board and all surgeries were performed by three experienced high-volume surgeons. Demographic data, total operation time, pathological outcomes, the urinary continence rates of the two groups at different times after RALP, and factors influencing postoperative urinary continence after RALP were recorded. Student's t test was used to compare continuous variables and the Pearson χ2 test to compare categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting immediate and early postoperative urinary control. RESULTS VPM reconstruction promoted immediate and early recovery of urinary continence (immediate continence, 66.67 vs. 40.00%, P = 0.000; 3-month continence, 80.95 vs. 64.76%, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS VPM reconstruction improved immediate and early urinary continence in patients who underwent RALP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Urology, China Rehabilitation Research Centre, Rehabilitation School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Jia
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Xi Niu
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, PLA Military General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, PLA Military General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Boellaard TN, Hagens MJ, Veerman H, Yakar D, Mertens LS, Heijmink SWTPJ, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen PJ, Schoots IG, van Dijk-de Haan MC. Prostate MRI for Improving Personalized Risk Prediction of Incontinence and Surgical Planning: The Role of Membranous Urethral Length Measurements and the Use of 3D Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:830. [PMID: 36983985 PMCID: PMC10054694 DOI: 10.3390/life13030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate MRI has an important role in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, including detection, the targeting of prostate biopsies, staging and guiding radiotherapy and active surveillance. However, there are other ''less well-known'' applications which are being studied and frequently used in our highly specialized medical center. In this review, we focus on two research topics that lie within the expertise of this study group: (1) anatomical parameters predicting the risk of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy, allowing more personalized shared decision-making, with special emphasis on the membranous urethral length (MUL); (2) the use of three-dimensional models to help the surgical planning. These models may be used for training, patient counselling, personalized estimation of nerve sparing and extracapsular extension and may help to achieve negative surgical margins and undetectable postoperative PSA values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry N. Boellaard
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus J. Hagens
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Veerman
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derya Yakar
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Imaging Center, Departments of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S. Mertens
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn W. T. P. J. Heijmink
- Department of Radiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G. van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J. van Leeuwen
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Prostate Cancer Network the Netherlands, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo G. Schoots
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Asimakopoulos AD, Annino F, Colalillo G, Gaston R, Piechaud T, Mauriello A, Anceschi U, Borri F. "Urethral-Sparing" Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Critical Appraisal of the Safety of the Technique Based on the Histologic Characteristics of the Prostatic Urethra. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:1065-1076. [PMID: 36661731 PMCID: PMC9857678 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostatic urethra (PU) is conventionally resected during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP). Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of the extended PU preservation (EPUP). AIMS To describe the histologic features of the PU. METHODS The PU was evaluated using cystoprostatectomy and RALP specimens. Cases of PU infiltration by prostate cancer or distortion by benign hyperplastic nodules were excluded. The thickness of the chorion and distance between the urothelium and prostate glands were measured. Prostate-specific antigen expression in the PU epithelium was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS Six specimens of PU were examined. Histologically, the following layers of the PU were observed: (1) urothelium with basal membrane, (2) chorion, and (3) prostatic peri-urethral fibromuscular tissue. The chorion measures between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. There is not a distinct urethral muscle layer, but rather muscular fibers that originate near the prostatic stroma and are distributed around the PU. This muscular tissue appears to be mainly represented in the basal and apical urethra, but not in the middle urethra. The mean distance between the chorion and prostatic glands is 1.74 mm, with significant differences between base of the prostate, middle urethral portion, and apex (2.5 vs. 1.49 vs. 1.23 mm, respectively). PSA-expressing cells are abundant in the PU epithelium, coexisting with urothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The exiguity of thickness of the PU chorion, short distance from glandular tissue, and coexistence of PSA-expressing cells in the epithelium raise important concerns about the oncologic safety of EPUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios D. Asimakopoulos
- Urology Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Urology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Filippo Annino
- Urology Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Gaia Colalillo
- Urology Unit, Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Gaston
- Unit of Urology, Clinique Saint-Augustin, 33074 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Piechaud
- Unit of Urology, Clinique Saint-Augustin, 33074 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Anceschi
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Borri
- Anatomic Pathology, Azienda USL Toscana Sud-Est, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
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Loizaga Iriarte A, Lacasa Viscasillas I, Rey Gonzalez S, Santos Martin A, Gonzalo Aparicio D, Ugalde Olano A, Carracedo Pérez A, Unda Urzaiz M. Identifying prognostic parameters related to surgical technique in patients treated by robotic radical prostatectomy. Actas Urol Esp 2023; 47:47-55. [PMID: 36328875 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The most frequently studied factors in patients treated by robotic radical prostatectomy are PSA and pathological features of the biopsy and prostatectomy specimen. Studies on the factors associated with the surgical technique are scarce and with controversial results. The objective is to identify all possible surgical factors and their relationship with disease-free and metastasis-free survival. PATIENTS AND METHOD Prospective study approved by the Ethics Committee, including patients who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy since January 2009 with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Surgeon, surgical time, blood loss, fascial access, continence techniques, preservation of the fascia, neurovascular bundles, bladder neck, urethra, learning curve and surgical complications, were analyzed as possible prognostic factors. We performed univariate and matched comparisons of survival using Kaplan-Meier estimation and long-rank tests. The significance level for multiple comparisons was established with False Discovery Rate-adjustment (adjusted p). RESULTS Cohort of 667 patients with a median follow-up of 69 months. In univariate analysis, surgeon (adjp=0.018), preservation of puboprostatic ligaments (adjp=0.02), preservation of endopelvic fascia (adjp=0.001) and performing periurethral suspension (adjp<0.001) are poor prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Fascia preservation also negatively affects metastasis-free survival (adjp=0.04). Previous abdominal surgeries, prostate, surgical time, blood loss, type of residual urethra, middle lobe, fascial access, fascia or bladder neck preservation, have no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The surgeon and specific aspects of the surgical technique are determining factors in disease-free survival. Preservation of the fascia is the only factor that negatively affects metastasis-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loizaga Iriarte
- Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao. Spain.
| | | | - S Rey Gonzalez
- Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao. Spain
| | - A Santos Martin
- Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao. Spain
| | - D Gonzalo Aparicio
- Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao. Spain; Traslational Prostate Cancer Research Lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Bilbao. Spain
| | - A Ugalde Olano
- Servicio de A. Patológica, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Carracedo Pérez
- Traslational Prostate Cancer Research Lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Bilbao. Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - M Unda Urzaiz
- Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao. Spain; Traslational Prostate Cancer Research Lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Bilbao. Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Loizaga Iriarte A, Lacasa Viscasillas I, Rey Gonzalez S, Santos Martín A, Gonzalo Aparicio D, Ugalde Olano A, Carracedo Pérez A, Unda Urzaiz M. Identificación de parámetros pronósticos relativos a la técnica quirúrgica en pacientes tratados mediante prostatectomía radical robótica. Actas Urol Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lardas M, Grivas N, Debray TPA, Zattoni F, Berridge C, Cumberbatch M, Van den Broeck T, Briers E, De Santis M, Farolfi A, Fossati N, Gandaglia G, Gillessen S, O'Hanlon S, Henry A, Liew M, Mason M, Moris L, Oprea-Lager D, Ploussard G, Rouviere O, Schoots IG, van der Kwast T, van der Poel H, Wiegel T, Willemse PP, Yuan CY, Grummet JP, Tilki D, van den Bergh RCN, Lam TB, Cornford P, Mottet N. Patient- and Tumour-related Prognostic Factors for Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 8:674-689. [PMID: 33967010 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT While urinary incontinence (UI) commonly occurs after radical prostatectomy (RP), it is unclear what factors increase the risk of UI development. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of patient- and tumour-related prognostic factors for post-RP UI. The primary outcome was UI within 3 mo after RP. Secondary outcomes included UI at 3-12 mo and ≥12 mo after RP. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Databases including Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched between January 1990 and May 2020. All studies reporting patient- and tumour-related prognostic factors in univariable or multivariable analyses were included. Surgical factors were excluded. Risk of bias (RoB) and confounding assessments were performed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for all prognostic factor, where possible. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 119 studies (5 randomised controlled trials, 24 prospective, 88 retrospective, and 2 case-control studies) with 131 379 patients were included. RoB was high for study participation and confounding; moderate to high for statistical analysis, study attrition, and prognostic factor measurement; and low for outcome measurements. Significant prognostic factors for postoperative UI within 3 mo after RP were age (odds ratio [OR] per yearly increase 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.05), membranous urethral length (MUL; OR per 1-mm increase 0.81, 95% CI 0.74-0.88), prostate volume (PV; OR per 1-ml increase 1.005, 95% CI 1.000-1.011), and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI; OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09-1.50). CONCLUSIONS Increasing age, shorter MUL, greater PV, and higher CCI are independent prognostic factors for UI within 3 mo after RP, with all except CCI remaining prognostic at 3-12 mo. PATIENT SUMMARY We reviewed the literature to identify patient and disease factors associated with urinary incontinence after surgery for prostate cancer. We found increasing age, larger prostate volume, shorter length of a section of the urethra (membranous urethra), and lower fitness were associated with worse urinary incontinence for the first 3 mo after surgery, with all except lower fitness remaining predictive at 3-12 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lardas
- Department of Urology, Metropolitan General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikos Grivas
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Thomas P A Debray
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Zattoni
- Urology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Urology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Fossati
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Unit of Urology, Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Shane O'Hanlon
- Medicine for Older People, Saint Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann Henry
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St. James's University Hospital and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew Liew
- Department of Urology, Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UK
| | - Malcolm Mason
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Oprea-Lager
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Olivier Rouviere
- Department of Urinary and Vascular Imaging, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ivo G Schoots
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Wiegel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter-Paul Willemse
- Department of Oncological Urology, University Medical Center, Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Y Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Health Science Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Grummet
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, and Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas B Lam
- Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Philip Cornford
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicolas Mottet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, St. Etienne, France
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