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Piacentino D, Vizioli C, Barb JJ, Grant-Beurmann S, Bouhlal S, Battista JT, Jennings O, Lee MR, Schwandt ML, Walter P, Henderson WA, Chen K, Turner S, Yang S, Fraser CM, Farinelli LA, Farokhnia M, Leggio L. Gut microbial diversity and functional characterization in people with alcohol use disorder: A case-control study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302195. [PMID: 38865325 PMCID: PMC11168635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) typically have comorbid chronic health conditions, including anxiety and depression disorders, increased sleep disruption, and poor nutrition status, along with gut microbial dysbiosis. To better understand the effects of gut dysbiosis previously shown in individuals with AUD, gut microbiome and metabolome were investigated between three cohorts. Two groups of individuals with AUD included treatment-seeking newly abstinent for at least six weeks (AB: N = 10) and non-treatment-seeking currently drinking (CD: N = 9) individuals. The third group was age, gender, and BMI-matched healthy controls (HC: N = 12). Deep phenotyping during two weeks of outpatient National Institutes of Health Clinical Center visits was performed, including clinical, psychological, medical, metabolic, dietary, and experimental assessments. Alpha and beta diversity and differential microbial taxa and metabolite abundance of the gut microbiome were examined across the three groups. Metabolites derived from the lipid super-pathway were identified to be more abundant in the AB group compared to CD and HC groups. The AB individuals appeared to be most clinically different from CD and HC individuals with respect to their gut microbiome and metabolome. These findings highlight the potential long-term effects of chronic alcohol use in individuals with AUD, even during short-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Piacentino
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Carlotta Vizioli
- Interoceptive Disorders Unit, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Silvia Grant-Beurmann
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jillian T. Battista
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Olivia Jennings
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mary R. Lee
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Peter Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Wendy A. Henderson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States of America
| | - Sara Turner
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Shanna Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Farinelli
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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2
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Browning BD, Kirkland AE, Green R, Engevik M, Alekseyenko AV, Leggio L, Tomko RL, Squeglia LM. The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad055. [PMID: 37665023 PMCID: PMC10979412 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The microbiome is a critical factor in health throughout human development. The aims of this scoping review are to (i) elucidate the differences between the youth (post-natal day 21-65 for rodents, 2-7 years for non-human primates, and 10-25 years for humans) microbiome with other life stages and (ii) identify youth-specific microbial changes associated with substance use. METHODS Peer-reviewed studies published up to May 2023 were identified in PubMed and SCOPUS and included gut and oral microbiome studies from rodents, non-human primates, and humans (N = 1733). Twenty-six articles were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria (aim 1: n = 19, aim 2: n = 7). RESULTS The adolescent and young adult oral and gut microbiomes are distinct compared to other life stages, within both non-human and human models. While there is limited research in this area, the microbiome appears to be vulnerable to substance use exposure earlier in life, including substances commonly initiated and escalated during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e. alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco). CONCLUSIONS Studies across the lifespan indicate that adolescence and young adulthood are distinct periods of development, where the microbiome is sensitive to exposures, including substance use. There is a need for more studies focused on the adolescent and young adult microbiome and substance use, as well as focused on the oral microbiome during this developmental period. Understanding the gut and oral microbiome during adolescence and young adulthood may provide insight into the pathophysiology of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Browning
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Rejoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston SC, 29425, United States
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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3
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Wang C, Yan J, Du K, Liu S, Wang J, Wang Q, Zhao H, Li M, Yan D, Zhang R, Yang F. Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis in alcohol-dependent patients and its effect on rat behaviors. mBio 2023; 14:e0239223. [PMID: 37962470 PMCID: PMC10746284 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02392-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis is associated with psychiatric disease through the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. Here, we revealed that there was obvious intestinal microbiome (including bacterial and fungal) dysbiosis in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol consumption seriously disturbs the gut equilibrium between bacteria and fungi, reduces the interactions among bacterial-fungal trans-kingdom, and increases intestinal permeability. Gut microbiota should be considered as a whole to study the development of alcohol dependence. The gut microbiome of alcohol-dependent patients increased the anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rats. The gut microbiota dysbiosis may promote the development of alcohol dependence by regulating the endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) and related receptors. Hence, regulating the balance of gut microbiota and the endogenous CCK may be a potential strategy for reducing the risk of relapse in alcohol addiction patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Junli Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Keda Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huajie Zhao
- Department of Pathogeny, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathogeny, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Pathogeny, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pathogeny, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Diaz LA, Winder GS, Leggio L, Bajaj JS, Bataller R, Arab JP. New insights into the molecular basis of alcohol abstinence and relapse in alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00605. [PMID: 37862466 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder remains a significant public health concern, affecting around 5% of adults worldwide. Novel pathways of damage have been described during the last years, providing insight into the mechanism of injury due to alcohol misuse beyond the direct effect of ethanol byproducts on the liver parenchyma and neurobehavioral mechanisms. Thus, the gut-liver-brain axis and immune system involvement could be therapeutic targets for alcohol use disorder. In particular, changes in gut microbiota composition and function, and bile acid homeostasis, have been shown with alcohol consumption and cessation. Alcohol can also directly disrupt intestinal and blood-brain barriers. Activation of the immune system can be triggered by intestinal barrier dysfunction and translocation of bacteria, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (such as lipopolysaccharide), cytokines, and damage-associated molecular patterns. These factors, in turn, promote liver and brain inflammation and the progression of liver fibrosis. Other involved mechanisms include oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and the release of extracellular vesicles and miRNA from hepatocytes. Potential therapeutic targets include gut microbiota (probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation), neuroinflammatory pathways, as well as neuroendocrine pathways, for example, the ghrelin system (ghrelin receptor blockade), incretin mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs), and the mineralocorticoid receptor system (spironolactone). In addition, support with psychological and behavioral treatments is essential to address the multiple dimensions of alcohol use disorder. In the future, a personalized approach considering these novel targets can contribute to significantly decreasing the alcohol-associated burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Diaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, NIDA and NIAAA, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Jariyasopit N, Khoomrung S. Mass spectrometry-based analysis of gut microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4777-4789. [PMID: 37841334 PMCID: PMC10570628 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules derived from gut microbiota have been increasingly investigated to better understand the functional roles of the human gut microbiome. Microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids (AAA) have been linked to many diseases, such as metabolic disorders, chronic kidney diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and cancer. Important microbial AAA metabolites are often discovered via global metabolite profiling of biological specimens collected from humans or animal models. Subsequent metabolite identity confirmation and absolute quantification using targeted analysis enable comparisons across different studies, which can lead to the establishment of threshold concentrations of potential metabolite biomarkers. Owing to their excellent selectivity and sensitivity, hyphenated mass spectrometry (MS) techniques are often employed to identify and quantify AAA metabolites in various biological matrices. Here, we summarize the developments over the past five years in MS-based methodology for analyzing gut microbiota-derived AAA. Sample preparation, method validation, analytical performance, and statistical methods for correlation analysis are discussed, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Jariyasopit
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Metabolomics and Systems Biology (SiCORE-MSB), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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6
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Li Y, Wang H, Li X, Shu H, Wang S, Luo S, Li X, Yu Y. Resting-state functional MRI investigation of the effect of long-term alcohol exposure on the brain function in rhesus monkey. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137438. [PMID: 37579869 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of alcohol on the resting-state brain functions in rhesus monkey by using the 3.0 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS The animal models were developed by exposing six male rhesus monkeys to alcohol for different time points: P0 (non-exposed), P1 (1 month), P2 (3 months), P3 (6 months), and P4 (36 months). A multi-period rsfMRI scan was performed before and after exposure of animals to alcohol. The collected data were analyzed by the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method, and the different brain regions were compared for their respective functions through differences in the fALFF and ReHo values. RESULTS The results showed statistical significances in different brain regions. The left superior parietal lobule and the left fusiform gyrus showed statistically different fALFF values (p < 0.01). Similarly, the left medial orbital gyrus and the right postcentral gyrus showed statistically different ReHo values (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The long-term exposure of rhesus monkeys to alcohol mainly induced changes in four parts of the brain, including the left superior parietal lobule, left fusiform gyrus, left medial orbital gyrus, and the right postcentral gyrus. These changes in different brain parts, over the study period, with most significant changes found within 6 months of exposure of rhesus monkeys to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Haibao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoshu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongmin Shu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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7
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Lin Z, Li Y, Wang M, Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Gong D, Fu L, Wang S, Long D. Protective effects of yeast extract against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1217449. [PMID: 37547679 PMCID: PMC10399763 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Previous research established that yeast extract (YE) has antioxidant, immune-boosting or microbiota-regulating properties. However, there is currently lack of information regarding the efficacy of YE on alcoholic liver injury. This study seeks to obtain data that will help to address this research gap using a Wistar male rat experimental model. Histologic and biochemical analysis results showed that the groups treated with both low-dose yeast extract (YEL) and high-dose yeast extract (YEH) had lower degrees of alcohol-induced liver injury. The abundance of Peptococcus and Ruminococcus reduced in the low-dose yeast extract (YEL) group, while that of Peptococcus, Romboutsia, Parasutterella, and Faecalibaculum reduced in the high-dose (YEH) group. Furthermore, Spearman analysis showed that the gut microbes were significantly associated with several liver-related indicators. For the analysis of differential metabolites and enriched pathways in the YEL group, the abundance of lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0/0:0) significantly increased, and then the levels of histamine, adenosine and 5' -adenine nucleotide were remarkedly elevated in the YEH group. These findings suggest that both high and low doses of YE can have different protective effects on liver injury in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) rats, in addition to improving gut microbiota disorder. Besides, high-dose YE has been found to be more effective than low-dose YE in metabolic regulation, as well as in dealing with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Lin
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yihong Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Di Gong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Fu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siying Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Gitto S, Vizzutti F, Baldi S, Campani C, Navari N, Falcini M, Venturi G, Montanari S, Roccarina D, Arena U, Pallecchi M, Di Bonaventura C, Bartolucci G, Ramazzotti M, Citone M, Fanelli F, Amedei A, Marra F. Transjugular intrahepatic Porto-systemic shunt positively influences the composition and metabolic functions of the gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:622-628. [PMID: 36529635 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cirrhosis and its complications may affect gut microbiota (GM) composition. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) represents the most effective treatment for portal hypertension (PH). We aimed to evaluate whether TIPS placement modifies GM composition and metabolic function. METHODS A compositional and functional GM analysis was prospectively performed in 13 cirrhotic patients receiving TIPS. Patients receiving systemic or non-absorbable antibiotics for any indications were excluded. Fecal samples were collected before and three months after TIPS. GM was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Small- and medium-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs, respectively) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS TIPS placement resulted in a mean 48% reduction in portal-caval pressure gradient. No recurrence of PH related complications was observed. After TIPS, increased levels of Flavonifractor spp. (p = 0.049), and decreased levels of Clostridiaceae (p = 0.024), these latter linked to abdominal infections in cirrhotic patients, were observed. No differences were found in the SCFAs signature while analysis of MCFA profiles showed a decreased abundance of pro-inflammatory isohexanoic (p<0.01), 2-ethylhexanoic (p<0.01) and octanoic acids (p<0.01) after TIPS. CONCLUSION Correction of PH following TIPS results in modifications of GM composition which could be potentially beneficial and reduces the levels of fecal pro-inflammatory MCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gitto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Vizzutti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Campani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nadia Navari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Falcini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Venturi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stanislao Montanari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Roccarina
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Umberto Arena
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Bonaventura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Citone
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fanelli
- Interventional Radiology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marra
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Center for Research, High Education and Transfer DENOThe, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Schultz CR, Johnson M, Wallace JG. Effects of Inbreeding on Microbial Community Diversity of Zea mays. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040879. [PMID: 37110300 PMCID: PMC10145435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is the basis of modern maize production. The effect of heterosis on maize phenotypes has been studied for decades, but its effect on the maize-associated microbiome is much less characterized. To determine the effect of heterosis on the maize microbiome, we sequenced and compared the bacterial communities of inbred, open pollinated, and hybrid maize. Samples covered three tissue types (stalk, root, and rhizosphere) in two field experiments and one greenhouse experiment. Bacterial diversity was more affected by location and tissue type than genetic background for both within-sample (alpha) and between-sample (beta) diversity. PERMANOVA analysis similarly showed that tissue type and location had significant effects on the overall community structure, whereas the intraspecies genetic background and individual plant genotypes did not. Differential abundance analysis identified only 25 bacterial ASVs that significantly differed between inbred and hybrid maize. Predicted metagenome content was inferred with Picrust2, and it also showed a significantly larger effect of tissue and location than genetic background. Overall, these results indicate that the bacterial communities of inbred and hybrid maize are often more similar than they are different and that non-genetic effects are generally the largest influences on the maize microbiome.
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Smith ML, Wade JB, Wolstenholme J, Bajaj JS. Gut microbiome-brain-cirrhosis axis. Hepatology 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:01515467-990000000-00327. [PMID: 36866864 PMCID: PMC10480351 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis of liver tissue. Along with being the most common cause of liver failure and liver transplant, cirrhosis is a significant risk factor for several neuropsychiatric conditions. The most common of these is HE, which is characterized by cognitive and ataxic symptoms, resulting from the buildup of metabolic toxins with liver failure. However, cirrhosis patients also show a significantly increased risk for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and for mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. In recent years, more attention has been played to communication between the ways the gut and liver communicate with each other and with the central nervous system, and the way these organs influence each other's function. This bidirectional communication has come to be known as the gut-liver-brain axis. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key mechanism affecting gut-liver, gut-brain, and brain-liver communication. Clinical studies and animal models have demonstrated the significant patterns of gut dysbiosis when cirrhosis is present, both with or without concomitant alcohol use disorder, and have provided compelling evidence that this dysbiosis also influences the cognitive and mood-related behaviors. In this review, we have summarized the pathophysiological and cognitive effects associated with cirrhosis, links to cirrhosis-associated disruption of the gut microbiome, and the current evidence from clinical and preclinical studies for the modulation of the gut microbiome as a treatment for cirrhosis and associated neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren L Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - James B Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Wolstenholme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Bai S, Bai H, Li D, Zhong Q, Xie J, Chen JJ. Gut Microbiota-Related Inflammation Factors as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:831186. [PMID: 35372107 PMCID: PMC8965553 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although many works have been done, the objectively measured diagnostic biomarkers are not available. Thus, we conducted this study to identify potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing depression and explore the role of gut microbiota in the onset of depression. Methods Major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n=56) and demographic data-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n=56) were included in this study. The gut microbiota in fecal samples and inflammation-related factors in serum were measured. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the differential gut microbiota and inflammation-related factors. Results Finally, 46 differential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (60.9% OTUs belonging to Firmicutes) and ten differential inflammation-related factors were identified. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and seven differential inflammation-related factors. Meanwhile, 14 differential OTUs (9 OTUs belonging to Firmicutes and 5 OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae under Firmicutes) and five differential inflammation-related factors (adiponectin, apolipoprotein A1, alpha 1-antitrypsin, neutrophilicgranulocyte count/white blood cell count and basophil count) were significantly correlated to depression severity. A panel consisting of these five differential inflammation-related factors could effectively diagnose MDD patients from HCs. Conclusions Our results suggested that Firmicutes, especially family Lachnospiraceae, might play a role in the onset of depression via affecting the inflammation levels of host, and these five differential inflammation-related factors could be potential biomarkers for objectively diagnosing MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunjie Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huili Bai
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Detao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-jun Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-jun Chen,
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