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Millett DT, Benson PE, Cunningham SJ, McIntyre GT, Tsichlaki A, Naini FB, Laide C, Fleming PS. "Over-reviewing" of research? An analysis of orthodontic reviews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:385-398.e5. [PMID: 38149957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research overviews may be undertaken to identify gaps in the literature, evaluate existing systematic reviews (SRs), and summarize evidence. This paper aims to profile overviews that have been conducted in orthodontics and related interventions since 2012 and to evaluate the degree of overlap among these overviews. METHODS Overviews published between January 1, 2012 and June 20, 2023 were identified using an electronic search involving Google Scholar and PubMed. A descriptive summary was produced, and citation matrices were used to evaluate the percentage of overlap between overviews using corrected covered area and covered area. This was classified as slight, moderate, high, or very high. RESULTS A total of 35 overviews were identified across a wide range of topics. Eight overviews included <10 SRs; 21 had 10-20 SRs; and 6 included >20 SRs (median no. of SRs per overview, 15; range, 3-62). Meta-analysis was conducted in only 5 overviews. Overlap between overviews on the same topic ranged from slight (2.7%) to very high (53.8%). CONCLUSIONS Almost all overview topics address treatments and their effects, with a wide variation in the number and quality of SRs included. There is considerable overlap in some orthodontic overviews, suggesting unnecessary duplication and research waste. Researchers should be encouraged to focus on primary data collection to add more high-quality data to SRs, which will ultimately enhance the yield from secondary and tertiary orthodontic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan T Millett
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Philip E Benson
- Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Cunningham
- Department of Orthodontics, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grant T McIntyre
- Dundee Dental Hospital, School of Denistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Aliki Tsichlaki
- Department of Orthodontics, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farhad B Naini
- St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Laide
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Padhraig S Fleming
- Division of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Gao Y, Sun X, Yan X, Tang Z, Lai W, Long H. Orthodontic Practitioners' Knowledge and Education Demand on Clear Aligner Therapy. Int Dent J 2024; 74:81-87. [PMID: 37500450 PMCID: PMC10829360 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has been gaining popularity amongst the orthodontic community. No systematic course on CAT has been reported to date. The objectives of this study were to determine practitioners' knowledge and to offer insights for future tailored courses on CAT. METHODS An online questionnaire was distributed. The questionnaire comprised personal background information, predictability of tooth movement through CAT, and CAT knowledge that practitioners demanded to learn. Four senior expert orthodontists' answers to the predictability of tooth movement through CAT were averaged to be a standard reference. Descriptive statistics, 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis, Student t test, and multivariate logistics regression analysis were performed with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS In total, 190 practitioners participated in this study. As compared to the standard reference, participants overestimated the predictability of difficult-to-be-achived tooth movements (eg, molar mesialisation; P < .0001). Strategy of managing troubleshooting cases and extraction cases ranked the highest CAT knowledge that participants requested to learn. Practice type, number of completed CAT cases, number of undergoing CAT cases, years of practice, education background, and time of using CAT were the influencing factors of the questions regarding the predictability of tooth movement through CAT and CAT knowledge that were demanded to be learned. CONCLUSIONS The predictability of difficult-to-be-achieved tooth movement through CAT is often overestimated by practitioners with limited clinical experience. Tailored education on CAT, especially managing troubleshooting cases and extraction cases, should be designed for all practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xinyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Haworth J, Walker S, Ireland A, Sandy J. Orthodontic education in the UK: Evolution over the last 50 years and potential future developments. J Orthod 2023; 50:26-33. [PMID: 38323391 DOI: 10.1177/14653125231215096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Walker
- North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Anthony Ireland
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Sandy
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Allanqawi T, Alkadhimi A, Fleming PS. Postgraduate orthodontic education: An international perspective on content and satisfaction levels. J World Fed Orthod 2023; 12:239-244. [PMID: 37739847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant international variation in the postgraduate orthodontic training. The aim of this study was to obtain information relating to the design, content, and delivery of formal postgraduate orthodontic training internationally. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the perception of orthodontists towards their training as well as identifying factors associated with an improved level of satisfaction. METHODS A 42-question survey was sent to orthodontists worldwide via SurveyMonkey. The survey was circulated on orthodontic Facebook groups and through other digital channels including Instagram. RESULTS A total of 168 respondents completed all sections of the questionnaire. The vast majority believed programme length was appropriate (n = 150; 89%). Most respondents were confident with their research skills and in their ability to diagnose and treatment plan. Social media was frequently accessed by the respondents for the purposes of orthodontic education (n = 83; 49%). A high proportion (n = 70; 42%) did not treat any clear aligner cases during postgraduate training with many having experience using InvisalignTM only. The majority of respondents across the regions had training in buccal miniscrew insertions. Exposure to three-dimensional printing during residency was limited. CONCLUSIONS The study offers an overview of the structure, content, and modes of delivery in orthodontic postgraduate training internationally. While satisfaction levels are good, there is a disparity in terms of exposure to certain techniques internationally. Further training in the modern diagnostic approaches and mechanics may improve satisfaction with postgraduate training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Allanqawi
- Orthodontic Resident, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aslam Alkadhimi
- Consultant, Ashtown Gate Orthodontic Department, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padhraig S Fleming
- Chair/Professor of Orthodontics, Division of Public and Child Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Honorary Professor in Orthodontics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Burns L, Coelho C, Addy A. Ethnic diversity in academic dentistry in the United Kingdom. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022. [PMID: 35978469 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Careers in academic dentistry are failing to attract a new generation of academics to steer dental education and research. Dental academia is further limited by inadequacies in levels of ethnic diversity. There is a stark contrast between the diversity of graduates entering the dental profession and those in academic positions, especially in senior ranks. Dentistry is not the only field in academia, which lacks representation and lessons may be drawn from other faculties. This paper focuses on what is known about dental academia in the United Kingdom, where there are formal research training pathways. There is an emerging recognition of the requirement for action, and it is hoped this will stimulate debate and impetus for research across Europe. The terminology used throughout this piece follows the United Kingdom Cabinet Office recommendations for writing about ethnicity (Writing about ethnicity, 2021; https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/style-guide/writing-about-ethnicity). Where cited sources have employed less acceptable terms (Please don't call me BAME or BME!: Civil service, 2019; https://civilservice.blog.gov.uk/2019/07/08/please-dont-call-me-bame-or-bme/), these have been changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Burns
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Coelho
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Addy
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Jopson JL, Ireland AJ, Fowler PV, Sandy JR, Neville P. Are dentists considering a career in orthodontic clinical academia? A qualitative study into the factors influencing a career in orthodontics. Br Dent J 2021; 230:308-313. [PMID: 33712787 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-2696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Dental clinical academics are essential members of the dental workforce with roles in teaching, research and scholarship. There is currently a national shortage of UK dental clinical academics, with difficulties recruiting to all grades. In addition, there is evidence of gender inequality within academia, with segregation at a horizontal and vertical level.Aim To investigate the factors that influence a career in orthodontic clinical academia and highlight ways to improve recruitment and retention.Method A qualitative research study utilising focus groups. Purposive sampling was carried out to recruit participants at different stages of an orthodontic career. A total of eight face-to-face focus groups were conducted with 26 participants. Focus groups were split by gender and career stage. An inductive thematic analysis was used to generate themes.Results Three major themes were generated: academic career options, motivations and barriers to pursuing a clinical academic career.Conclusion This paper sheds light on the current factors affecting a career in orthodontic clinical academia. Worryingly, most dentists do not strive for an academic career and the barriers to pursuing this career option are discussed. Ways of addressing the issues facing recruitment and retention of individuals to orthodontic clinical academia are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer L Jopson
- Speciality Training Registrar in Orthodontics, Bristol Dental Hospital, UK.
| | | | - Peter V Fowler
- Senior Clinical Lecturer in Orthodontics, Bristol Dental Hospital, UK
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Publication rate of abstracts from presentations at the British Orthodontic Conference 2009–2014. J Orthod 2020; 47:311-319. [DOI: 10.1177/1465312520944189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the publication rate of scientific abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference 2009–2014. Predictors of full-text publications after presentation of abstracts were explored. Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and methods: Details of abstracts were retrieved from the conference programmes. Abstracts were screened and full-text publications identified by a single author with discrepancies discussed. Two electronic databases were searched to identify full-text publication of abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference during 2009–2014. Study characteristics were recorded in a prespecified data collection sheet. Descriptive and correlation statistics were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression modelling was implemented in order to assess the effect of predictors on the instance of probability of publication. Results: A total of 225 abstracts (148 poster presentations and 77 oral presentations) were identified. Observational studies were frequent (60%) and significant results were reported in 38.7% of abstracts. The rate of full-text publication after abstract presentation was 46.2% with a mean time to publication of 18.3 ± 18.7 months. Authors based at both university and hospitals (Hazard ratio: 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–5.47, P=0.01) had a higher instant probability of publication compared to university only, whereas diagnostic studies (Hazard ratio: 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.74, P=0.02) had lower instant probability of publication compared to systematic reviews. Conclusion: Over 50% of study abstracts presented at the British Orthodontic Conference during 2009–2014 remain unpublished. Author affiliation and study type appear to influence full text publication. In order to reduce publication bias within the literature, publication of full-text articles by authors of presented abstracts is encouraged.
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