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Stanczyk FZ. Metabolism of endogenous and exogenous estrogens in women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 242:106539. [PMID: 38692334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Estrogens regulate important processes in reproductive, skeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems that impact women's overall health. Understanding endogenous and exogenously administered estrogen metabolism is vital to determining therapeutic estrogen levels. The present review provides an overview of estrogen metabolites formed in non-pregnant and pregnant women, and those resulting from exogenous estrogen administration. There are four principal endogenous estrogens: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and estetrol (E4). E4, which is produced only in pregnancy, has emerged recently as an estrogen with significant therapeutic potential. E1, E2, and E3 undergo extensive metabolism primarily through phase I (hydroxylation, oxidation, reduction) and phase II (primarily conjugation) reactions, whereas E4 undergoes only phase II reactions. Exogenous estrogens commonly used for menopausal treatment and/or contraception, including micronized E2, conjugated equine estrogens, and ethinyl estradiol, also undergo phase I and phase II reactions, but differ widely in the types of metabolites formed. The mechanisms by which estrogen metabolites are formed and their excretion in urine, bile, and feces, are still poorly understood. We highlight areas that require further research to foster a better understanding of how estrogen metabolism impacts dosing of oral estrogens for therapeutic use, as well as the physiological regulation of endogenous estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Z Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhong K, Liang W, Liu R, Qu W, Lu Y. Causal associations between estradiol and mouth ulcers: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37989. [PMID: 38669373 PMCID: PMC11049722 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
People have difficulty in eating and speaking when they are suffering from mouth ulcers. Some studies suggest that estradiol is associated with the development and treatment of mouth ulcers, while some do not. To clarify the effect of estradiol on mouth ulcers, we performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis to evaluate their relationship. Data were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS project and UK biobank, including male estradiol dataset (case/controls = 13,367/134,323), female estradiol dataset (case/controls = 37,461/126,524), mouth ulcers dataset (case/controls = 47,102/414,011). The causal associations were estimated by MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, simple mode, and weighted mode. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO tests, and leave-one-out analysis were used to examine sensitivity analyses. The MVMR controlling for depression, anxiety or panic attacks, severe stress and adjustment disorders was used to assess the effect of estradiol on mouth ulcers. Through screening, 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of males and 2 SNPs of females in estradiol were used for harmonizing and MR analysis. The 2-sample MR analysis showed no causal association between estradiol of males and mouth ulcers (IVW, OR: 0.998, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.995-1.001, P = .18). Similar results were obtained between estradiol of females and mouth ulcers (IVW, OR: 1.000, 95% CI: 0.988-1.012, P = .97). No pleiotropy and heterogeneity were found and the results were robust (P > .05). After adjusting for the potential effects of confounders, estradiol of males and mouth ulcers still showed no causal association through MVMR analysis (P = .081). While MVMR analysis showed that the causal relationship between estradiol and mouth ulcers in women could not be statistical for the small number of SNPs. There was no evidence of a causal relationship between estradiol and mouth ulcers. The strategy of treating mouth ulcers with estradiol still needs to be confirmed by more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Zhang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kunting Zhong
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiyu Liang
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ruihanqiu Liu
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiling Qu
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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3
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Golovchenko I, Aizikovich B, Golovchenko O, Reshetnikov E, Churnosova M, Aristova I, Ponomarenko I, Churnosov M. Sex Hormone Candidate Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13691. [PMID: 36430184 PMCID: PMC9697627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine whether sex hormone polymorphisms proven by GWAS are associated with endometriosis risk. Unrelated female participants totaling 1376 in number (395 endometriosis patients and 981 controls) were recruited into the study. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which GWAS correlated with circulating levels of sex hormones were genotyped using a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. FSH-lowering, and LH- and testosterone-heightening polymorphisms of the FSHB promoter (allelic variants A rs11031002 and C rs11031005) exhibit a protective effect for endometriosis (OR = 0.60-0.68). By contrast, the TT haplotype loci that were GWAS correlated with higher FSH levels and lower LH and testosterone concentrations determined an increased risk for endometriosis (OR = 2.03). Endometriosis-involved epistatic interactions were found between eight loci of sex hormone genes (without rs148982377 ZNF789) within twelve genetic simulation models. In silico examination established that 8 disorder-related loci and 80 proxy SNPs are genome variants affecting the expression, splicing, epigenetic and amino acid conformation of the 34 genes which enrich the organic anion transport and secondary carrier transporter pathways. In conclusion, the present study showed that sex hormone polymorphisms proven by GWAS are associated with endometriosis risk and involved in the molecular pathophysiology of the disease due to their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Golovchenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Boris Aizikovich
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Golovchenko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Aristova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
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4
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Peduzzi G, Archibugi L, Katzke V, Gentiluomo M, Capurso G, Milanetto AC, Gazouli M, Goetz M, Brenner H, Vermeulen RCH, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Vanella G, Tavano F, Lucchesi M, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Chen X, Kiudelis V, Hegyi P, Oliverius M, Stocker H, Stornello C, Vodickova L, Souček P, Neoptolemos JP, Testoni SGG, Morelli L, Lawlor RT, Basso D, Izbicki JR, Ermini S, Kupcinskas J, Pezzilli R, Boggi U, van Laarhoven HWM, Szentesi A, Erőss B, Capretti G, Schöttker B, Skieceviciene J, Aoki MN, van Eijck CHJ, Cavestro GM, Canzian F, Campa D. Common variability in oestrogen-related genes and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk in women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18100. [PMID: 36302831 PMCID: PMC9613634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22973-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is different among males and females. This disparity cannot be fully explained by the difference in terms of exposure to known risk factors; therefore, the lower incidence in women could be attributed to sex-specific hormones. A two-phase association study was conducted in 12,387 female subjects (5436 PDAC cases and 6951 controls) to assess the effect on risk of developing PDAC of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 208 genes involved in oestrogen and pregnenolone biosynthesis and oestrogen-mediated signalling. In the discovery phase 14 polymorphisms showed a statistically significant association (P < 0.05). In the replication none of the findings were validated. In addition, a gene-based analysis was performed on the 208 selected genes. Four genes (NR5A2, MED1, NCOA2 and RUNX1) were associated with PDAC risk, but only NR5A2 showed an association (P = 4.08 × 10-5) below the Bonferroni-corrected threshold of statistical significance. In conclusion, despite differences in incidence between males and females, our study did not identify an effect of common polymorphisms in the oestrogen and pregnenolone pathways in relation to PDAC susceptibility. However, we validated the previously reported association between NR5A2 gene variants and PDAC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Peduzzi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Verena Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mara Goetz
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Vanella
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lucchesi
- Oncology of Massa Carrara, Oncological Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Carrara, Italy
| | | | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vytautas Kiudelis
- Gastroenterology Department and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Martin Oliverius
- Surgery Clinic Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Stocker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caterina Stornello
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Souček
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - John P Neoptolemos
- Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gloria Giulia Testoni
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasound, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-NET, Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department DIMED-Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Ermini
- Blood Transfusion Service, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Gastroenterology Department and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Ugo Boggi
- Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hanneke W M van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Szentesi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Center for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Gastroenterology Department and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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5
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Fujino C, Sanoh S, Katsura T. Variation in Expression of Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms and Toxicological Effects: Endo- and Exogenous Substances as Regulatory Factors and Substrates. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1617-1634. [PMID: 34719640 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The CYP3A subfamily, which includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in humans, plays important roles in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances. Gene and protein expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 show large inter-individual differences, which are caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. Inter-individual differences can cause negative outcomes, such as adverse drug events and disease development. Therefore, it is important to understand the variations in CYP3A expression caused by endo- and exogenous factors, as well as the variation in the metabolism and kinetics of endo- and exogenous substrates. In this review, we summarize the factors regulating CYP3A expression, such as bile acids, hormones, microRNA, inflammatory cytokines, drugs, environmental chemicals, and dietary factors. In addition, variations in CYP3A expression under pathological conditions, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and liver diseases, are described as examples of the physiological effects of endogenous factors. We also summarize endogenous and exogenous substrates metabolized by CYP3A isoforms, such as cholesterol, bile acids, hormones, arachidonic acid, vitamin D, and drugs. The relationship between the changes in the kinetics of these substrates and the toxicological effects in our bodies are discussed. The usefulness of these substrates and metabolites as endogenous biomarkers for CYP3A activity is also discussed. Notably, we focused on discrimination between CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 to understand inter-individual differences in CYP3A expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Fujino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Toshiya Katsura
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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Li H, Mo Z. Prognostic Value of Metabolism-Related Genes and Immune Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6885-6898. [PMID: 34703293 PMCID: PMC8536843 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s328109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers. Thus, it is warranted to detect the status of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) and infiltrating immune cells in ccRCC progression for the prognosis of ccRCC. This research was designed to establish and verify the prognostic signature of ccRCC using MRGs. In addition, we investigated the potential link between the relative proportion of tumor infiltrated immune cells (TIICs) and ccRCC prognosis. Methods Sequencing data of metabolism-related gene sets in ccRCC cases were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus Database (GEO). The R Programming Language software packages were applied for differential analysis of MRGs. First, a univariate Cox regression model was applied to determine the MRGs linked with overall survival (OS). Then, the multivariate Cox regression model was applied to establish the prognostic signature. Finally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to determine the proportion of TIICs. Results Overall, 286 differentially expressed MRGs were identified in the TCGA dataset. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to develop a prognostic signature with six MRGs. The predictive capability of the prognostic signature was further verified by TCGA and GEO database. In addition, RS positively correlated with memory B cells, plasma cells, activated memory CD4+ T cells, follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and M0 macrophages, and were negatively associated with resting memory CD4+ T cells, resting dendritic cells, activated dendritic cells, M2 macrophages, monocytes, resting mast cells, and eosinophils. Conclusion Herein, a prognostic signature was developed using MRGs for ccRCC prognosis. The proportion of 22 TIICs in ccRCC and the association between TIICs and clinical outcomes were also determined. The identified genes and cells could guide future targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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7
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Qi G, Han C, Zhou Y, Wang X. Allele and genotype frequencies of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms among mainland Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur, and Han Chinese populations. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:219-227. [PMID: 34689350 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 50% prescribed drugs are metabolised by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) adds a glutathione to the oxidative products by CYP3A, which increases the hydrophilic property of metabolites and facilitates the excretion. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP3A and GSTP1 show a diverse allele and genotype frequencies distribution among the world populations. The present study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele frequency distribution patterns of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7 and GSTP1 polymorphisms among healthy participants in mainland Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur, and Han Chinese populations. Blood samples were collected from 842 unrelated healthy subjects (323 Tibetan, 134 Mongolian, 162 Uyghur, and 223 Han) for genotyping analysis. Variant allele frequencies of CYP3A4 rs2242480, CYP3A5 rs776746, CYP3A7 rs2257401, and GSTP1 Ile105Val were observed in Han (0.253, 0.686, 0.312 and 0.188), Tibetan (0.186, 0.819, 0.192 and 0.173), Mongolian (0.198, 0.784, 0.228 and 0.235) and Uyghur (0.179, 0.858, 0.182 and 0.250) respectively. The allele frequency of CYP3A7*1C in Uyghur (0.019) was higher than that in Tibetan (0.002, p < 0.01). There was a strong linkage disequilibrium between CYP3A4 rs2242480, CYP3A5 rs776746, and CYP3A7 rs2257401 among the four ethnic groups. The results might be useful for the precise medication in the Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, China
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