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Ndreu L, Hurben AK, Nyman GSA, Tretyakova NY, Karlsson I, Hagvall L. Investigation into Propolis Components Responsible for Inducing Skin Allergy: Air Oxidation of Caffeic Acid and Its Esters Contribute to Hapten Formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37184291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resin-like material produced by bees from the buds of poplar and cone-bearing trees and is used in beehive construction. Propolis is a common additive in various biocosmetics and health-related products, despite the fact that it is a well-known cause of contact allergy. Caffeic acid and its esters have been the primary suspects behind the sensitization potency of propolis-induced contact allergy. However, the chemical structures of the protein adducts formed between these haptens and skin proteins during the process of skin sensitization remain unknown. In this study, the reactivity of three main contact allergens found in propolis, namely, caffeic acid (CA), caffeic acid 1,1-dimethylallyl ester (CAAE), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), was investigated. These compounds were initially subjected to the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay to categorize the sensitization potency of CA, CAAE, and CAPE, but the data obtained was deemed too unreliable to confidently classify their skin sensitization potential based on this assay alone. To further investigate the chemistry involved in generating possible skin allergy-inducing protein adducts, model peptide reactions with CA, CAAE, and CAPE were conducted and analyzed via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Reactions between CA, CAAE, and CAPE and a cysteine-containing peptide in the presence of oxygen, both in closed and open systems, were monitored at specific time points. These studies revealed the formation of two different adducts, one corresponding to thiol addition to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl region of the caffeic structure and the second corresponding to thiol addition to the catechol, after air oxidation to o-quinone. Observation of these peptide adducts classifies these compounds as prehaptens. Interestingly, no adduct formation was observed when the same reactions were performed under oxygen-free conditions, highlighting the importance of air oxidation processes in CA, CAAE, and CAPE adduct formation. Additionally, through NMR analysis, we found that thiol addition occurs at the C-2 position in the aromatic ring of the CA derivatives. Our results emphasize the importance of air oxidation in the sensitization potency of propolis and shed light on the chemical structures of the resultant haptens which could trigger allergic reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ndreu
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Alexander K Hurben
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gunnar S A Nyman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Lina Hagvall
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22363, Sweden
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Direct and selective determination of p-coumaric acid in food samples via layered Nb4AlC3-MAX phase. Food Chem 2023; 403:134130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ohno R, Sugane K, Shibata M. Thermal and mechanical properties of polymer networks prepared by the thiol-ene reaction of a vanillin/acetone condensate and its related compounds. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pezzana L, Malmström E, Johansson M, Sangermano M. UV-Curable Bio-Based Polymers Derived from Industrial Pulp and Paper Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091530. [PMID: 34068798 PMCID: PMC8126230 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based monomers represent the future market for polymer chemistry, since the political economics of different states promote green ventures toward more sustainable materials and processes. Industrial pulp and paper processing represent a large market that could advance the use of by-products to avoid waste production and reduce pollution. Lignin represents the most available side product that can be used to produce a bio-based monomer. This review is concentrated on the possibility of using bio-based monomer derivates from pulp and the paper industry for UV-curing processing. UV-curing represents the new frontier for thermoset production, allowing a fast reaction cure, less energy demand, and the elimination of solvent. The growing demand for new monomers increases research in the environmental field to substitute for petroleum-based products. This review provides an overview of the main monomers and relative families of compounds derived from industrial processes that are suitable for UV-curing. Particular focus is given to the developments reached in the last few years concerning lignin, rosin and terpenes and the related possible applications of these in UV-curing chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pezzana
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Eva Malmström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Johansson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
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