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Rebrova TY, Falkovskaya AY, Afanasiev SA, Mordovin VF, Zyubanova IV, Muslimova EF. [Five-year dynamics adrenergic reactivity of erythrocytes after radio-frequency sympathic denervation of renal arteries in patients with resistant arterial hypertension]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:757-762. [PMID: 38158918 DOI: 10.26442/1560-4071-2020-1-3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the initial state of adrenergic reactivity and the five-year dynamics of the beta-adrenergic reactivity index of erythrocyte membranes and the manifestation of the antihypertensive effect of the procedure for radiofrequency destruction of sympathetic structures of the renal artery in patients with resistant arterial hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The analysis included 42 patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RH). The renal denervation (RD) procedure of the kidneys was performed by endovascular bilateral transcatheter radiofrequency ablation of the renal arteries. The study of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM) and the determination of β-adrenoreactivity of erythrocytes (β-ARM) by changes in the osmoresistance of erythrocyte membranes were performed initially, 1 week, 6 months, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years after RD. Patients retrospectively, at a follow-up period of 6 months after RD, were divided into responders (decrease in blood pressure by 10 or more mm Hg) and non-responders (decrease in blood pressure less than 10 mm Hg). RESULTS 6 months after the RD, the number of responders was 28 people (66.7%), after 5 years - 31 people (73.8%). At the time of inclusion in the study, the median β-ARM in the group of non-responders was not significantly higher than in the group of responders. After 6 months after the RD procedure, the β-ARM indicator in the non-responder group was significantly lower than in the responder group (p = 0.043). With further follow-up in the group of responders, an increase in the median β-ARM was noted, which reached significant differences relative to the baseline values in the group at follow-up periods of 1 year (p = 0.036) and 5 years (p = 0.004) after RD. The change in the β-ARM indicator in the non-responder group was wavy in nature, the changes did not reach the significance criteria. CONCLUSION Renal denervation in 73.8% of cases is accompanied by a stable antihypertensive response for 5 years of observation and an increase in β-ARM, which may indicate the implementation of compensatory mechanisms in conditions of increasing activity of the sympathoadrenal system in response to a decrease in blood pressure.
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Ormanji MS, Melo MVL, Meca R, Garcia ML, Anauate AC, Muñoz JJAM, Oyama LM, Nishi EE, Bergamaschi CT, Carvalho AB, Heilberg IP. Adipose Tissue Denervation Blunted the Decrease in Bone Formation Promoted by Obesity in Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3574. [PMID: 37630764 PMCID: PMC10458609 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of obesity upon bone metabolism is controversial since both beneficial or harmful effects have been reported. Bone remodeling is modulated by the central nervous system through cytokines, hormones and neuromodulators. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects evoked by bilateral retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) denervation (Dnx) upon bone mineral metabolism and remodeling in an experimental model of obesity in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed during 18 weeks with high-fat diet (HFD) or standard diet (SD) as controls, and rWAT Dnx or Sham surgery was performed at the 14th week. Biochemical and hormonal parameters, bone histomorphometry, rWAT and hypothalamus protein and gene expression were analyzed. The HFD group presented decreased bone formation parameters, increased serum and bone leptin and FGF23, increased serum and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and decreased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and PTH. After rWAT Dnx, bone markers and histomorphometry showed restoration of bone formation, and serum and hypothalamic NPY decreased, without alteration in leptin levels. The present study shows that the denervation of rWAT improved bone formation in obese rats mediated by a preferential reduction in neurohormonal actions of NPY, emphasizing the relevance of the adipose tissue-brain-bone axis in the control of bone metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Subtil Ormanji
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Maria Victória Lazarini Melo
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Renata Meca
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Michelle Louvaes Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.L.G.); (L.M.O.); (E.E.N.); (C.T.B.)
| | - Ana Carolina Anauate
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Juan José Augusto Moyano Muñoz
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.L.G.); (L.M.O.); (E.E.N.); (C.T.B.)
| | - Erika Emy Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.L.G.); (L.M.O.); (E.E.N.); (C.T.B.)
| | - Cassia Toledo Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.L.G.); (L.M.O.); (E.E.N.); (C.T.B.)
| | - Aluizio Barbosa Carvalho
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
| | - Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (M.S.O.); (M.V.L.M.); (R.M.); (A.C.A.); (J.J.A.M.M.); (A.B.C.)
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Stocker SD, Sullivan JB. Deletion of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 Channel Attenuates Sympathoexcitation and Hypertension and Improves Glomerular Filtration Rate in 2-Kidney-1-Clip Rats. Hypertension 2023; 80:1671-1682. [PMID: 37334698 PMCID: PMC10527253 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal denervation lowers arterial blood pressure in both clinical populations and multiple experimental models of hypertension. This therapeutic effect is partly attributed to the removal of overactive renal sensory nerves. The TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) channel is highly expressed in renal sensory nerves and detects changes in noxious and mechanosensitive stimuli, pH, and chemokines. However, the extent to which TRPV1 channels contribute to 2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension has not been tested. METHODS We generated a novel Trpv1-/- (TRPV1 knockout) rat using CRISPR/Cas9 and 26-bp deletion in exon 3 and induced 2K1C hypertension. RESULTS The majority (85%) of rat renal sensory neurons retrogradely labeled from the kidney were TRPV1-positive. Trpv1-/- rats lacked TRPV1 immunofluorescence in the dorsal root ganglia, had a delayed tail-flick response to hot but not cold water, and lacked an afferent renal nerve activity response to intrarenal infusion of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. Interestingly, 2K1C hypertension was significantly attenuated in male Trpv1-/- versus wild-type rats. 2K1C hypertension significantly increased the depressor response to ganglionic blockade, total renal nerve activity (efferent and afferent), and afferent renal nerve activity in wild-type rats, but these responses were attenuated in male Trpv1-/- rats. 2K1C hypertension was attenuated in female rats with no differences between female strains. Finally, glomerular filtration rate was reduced by 2K1C in wild-type rats but improved in Trpv1-/- rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that renovascular hypertension requires activation of the TRPV1 channel to elevate renal afferent and sympathetic nerve activity, reduce glomerular filtration rate, and increase arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Stocker
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
| | - Jacob B Sullivan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA
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Sornchuer P, Thongsepee N, Wongsaroj L, Saninjuk K, Wattanaphansak S, Pongpamorn P, Paemanee A, Martviset P, Chantree P, Sangpairoj K. Garcinia dulcis Flower Extract Alters Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolomic Profiles of 2K1C Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020268. [PMID: 36678139 PMCID: PMC9862316 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia dulcis (GD) extract has been found to have anti-hypertensive properties in animal studies. GD can also alter the colonic microbiota of rats. However, the effects of GD on changes in the gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles of normotensive and hypertensive rats are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles of 2-kidneys-1 clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats after feeding with GD flower extract. Rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: sham operation (SO) receiving corn oil (CO) (SO + CO), SO receiving GD (SO + GD), 2K1C receiving corn oil (2K1C + CO) and 2K1C receiving GD (2K1C + GD). Body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured weekly throughout the study. Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were measured from fresh fecal contents. Alpha diversity results demonstrated a similar microbial richness and diversity between groups. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) suggested that GD treatment affected gut microbial community structure in both hypertensive and normotensive rats. Feeding rats with GD caused metabolic alterations that rendered 2K1C + GD rats similar to SO + CO and SO + GD rats. Findings suggest that the impact of GD on gut microbiota and metabolite profiles may be related to its anti-hypertensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornphan Sornchuer
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Nattaya Thongsepee
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | | | | | - Suphot Wattanaphansak
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
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Renal Denervation Influences Angiotensin II Types 1 and 2 Receptors. Int J Nephrol 2022; 2022:8731357. [PMID: 36262553 PMCID: PMC9576444 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8731357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems (RAS) are two critical regulatory systems in the kidney which affect renal hemodynamics and function. These two systems interact with each other so that angiotensin II (Ang II) has the presynaptic effect on the norepinephrine secretion. Another aspect of this interaction is that the sympathetic nervous system affects the function and expression of local RAS receptors, mainly Ang II receptors. Therefore, in many pathological conditions associated with an increased renal sympathetic tone, these receptors' expression changes and renal denervation can normalize these changes and improve the diseases. It seems that the renal sympathectomy can alter Ang II receptors expression and the distribution of RAS receptors in the kidneys, which influence renal functions.
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Qi J, Fu LY, Liu KL, Li RJ, Qiao JA, Yu XJ, Yu JY, Li Y, Feng ZP, Yi QY, Jia H, Gao HL, Tan H, Kang YM. Resveratrol in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Hypertension by Regulation of ROS and Neurotransmitters. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194177. [PMID: 36235829 PMCID: PMC9573276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus in the brain that plays a key role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin1, SIRT1) not only protects cardiovascular function but also reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the periphery. However, its role in the central regulation of hypertension remains unknown. It is hypothesized that SIRT1 activation by resveratrol may reduce SNA and lower blood pressure through the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotransmitters in the PVN. METHODS The two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) method was used to induce renovascular hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, bilaterally injections of vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF, 0.4 μL) or resveratrol (a SIRT1 agonist, 160 μmol/L, 0.4 μL) into rat PVN were performed for four weeks. RESULTS PVN SIRT1 expression was lower in the hypertension group than the sham surgery (SHAM) group. Activated SIRT1 within the PVN lowered systolic blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. It was found that PVN of 2K1C animals injected with resveratrol exhibited increased expression of SIRT1, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), as well as decreased activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), particularly NOX4. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased expression of ROS and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). CONCLUSION Resveratrol within the PVN attenuates hypertension via the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway to decrease ROS and restore the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Rui-Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Jin-An Qiao
- Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710002, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jia-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel./Fax: +86-2982657677 (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel./Fax: +86-2982657677 (Y.-M.K.)
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Li S, Phillips JK. Patient Selection for Renal Denervation in Hypertensive Patients: What Makes a Good Candidate? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:375-386. [PMID: 35592729 PMCID: PMC9113553 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s270182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheran Li
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Sheran Li, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 20 81332723, Fax +86 20 8133 2650, Email
| | - Jacqueline K Phillips
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Involvement of Neuropeptide Y within Paraventricular Nucleus in Electroacupuncture Inhibiting Sympathetic Activities in Hypertensive Rats. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:9990854. [PMID: 35087687 PMCID: PMC8789434 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9990854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although electroacupuncture (EA) has been used to decrease the blood pressure (BP) clinically, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly clarified. This study aimed to assess the hypothesis that EA treatment exerts a hypotensive action via suppressing sympathetic activities and modulating neuropeptide Y (NPY) function within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypertensive rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected for the experiment, and the hypertensive models were established by the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) method. Then, the rats were randomly assigned to the sham group, 2K1C group, 2K1C plus EA group, and 2K1C plus sham EA group. EA treatment at the acupoints ST36 and ST40 overlying the peroneal nerves was given once a day for 30 days. The radiotelemetry system was applied to collect the arterial BP recordings. Power spectral analyses of BP variability, BP responses to ganglionic blockade, and plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were performed to assess the changes in sympathetic nerve activity. Real-time PCR and Western blots were carried out to examine the expression of NPY system in the PVN. The responses of PVN microinjection with NPY Y1R antagonist BIBO3304 were detected to check the endogenous NPY tone. The results showed that the enhanced arterial BP and sympathetic activities were effectively reduced by 30 days of EA treatment, and baroreflex sensitivity was improved in 2K1C hypertensive rats. The level of NPY mRNA and protein expression in the PVN was markedly upregulated by EA treatment in 2K1C rats. In addition, the pressor responses of PVN microinjection with NPY Y1R antagonist BIBO3304 in 2K1C models were remarkably augmented by the EA stimulation. Our results indicate that the increased NPY expression and function in the PVN induced by EA treatment contribute to antihypertensive and sympathetic suppression on hypertensive rats. The findings may elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the acupuncture to be a potential therapeutic strategy against hypertension.
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Ogoyama Y, Tada K, Abe M, Nanto S, Shibata H, Mukoyama M, Kai H, Arima H, Kario K. Effects of renal denervation on blood pressures in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials. Hypertens Res 2021; 45:210-220. [PMID: 34657140 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of renal denervation has been controversial, but recent randomized sham-controlled trials demonstrated significant blood pressure reductions after renal denervation in patients with hypertension. We conducted a systematic review and updated meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of renal denervation on ambulatory and office blood pressures in patients with hypertension. Databases were searched up to 25 May 2021 to identify randomized, sham-controlled trials of renal denervation. The primary endpoint was change in 24 h ambulatory systolic blood pressure with renal denervation versus sham control. The secondary endpoints were daytime and nighttime systolic blood pressure, and office systolic blood pressure. A sub-analysis determined outcomes by medication, procedure, and device. From nine trials, 1555 patients with hypertension were randomized to undergo renal denervation (n = 885) or a sham procedure (n = 670). At 2-6 months after treatment, renal denervation significantly reduced 24 h ambulatory systolic blood pressure by 3.31 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -4.69, -1.94) compared with the sham procedure (p < 0.001). Renal denervation also reduced daytime SBP by 3.53 mmHg (-5.28, -1.78; p < 0.001), nighttime SBP by 3.20 mmHg (-5.46, -0.94; p = 0.006), and office SBP by 5.25 mmHg (-7.09, -3.40; p < 0.001) versus the sham control group. There were no significant differences in the magnitude of blood pressure reduction between first- and second-generation trials, between devices, or with or without medication. These data from randomized sham-controlled trials showed that renal denervation significantly reduced all blood pressure metrics in medicated or unmedicated patients with hypertension, including resistant/uncontrolled hypertension. Future trials should investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ogoyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tada
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makiko Abe
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nanto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.
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Li Z, Li Q, Wang L, Li C, Xu M, Duan Y, Ma L, Li T, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Feng J, Yin X, Wang X, Han J, Lu C. Targeting mitochondria-inflammation circle by renal denervation reduces atheroprone endothelial phenotypes and atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102156. [PMID: 34607159 PMCID: PMC8498003 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis in endothelial cells (ECs) can cause chronic inflammation, a substantial contributor to the development of atherosclerosis. Chronic sympathetic hyperactivity can enhance oxidative stress to induce endothelial dysfunction. We determined if renal denervation (RDN), the strategy reducing sympathetic tone, can protect ECs by ameliorating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced inflammation to reduce atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were conducted RDN or sham operation before 20-week high-fat diet feeding. Atherosclerosis, EC phenotype and mitochondrial morphology were determined. In vitro, human arterial ECs were treated with norepinephrine to determine the mechanisms for RDN-inhibited endothelial inflammation. RDN reduced atherosclerosis, EC mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanistically, the chronic sympathetic hyperactivity increased circulating norepinephrine and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity. MAO-A activation-impaired mitochondrial homeostasis resulted in ROS accumulation and NF-κB activation, thereby enhancing expression of atherogenic and proinflammatory molecules in ECs. It also suppressed mitochondrial function regulator PGC-1α, with involvement of NF-κB and oxidative stress. Inactivation of MAO-A by RDN disrupted the positive-feedback regulation between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, thereby inhibiting EC atheroprone phenotypic alterations and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The interplay between MAO-A-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and inflammation in ECs is a key driver in atherogenesis, and it can be reduced by RDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Mengping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Likun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jiaxin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xuemei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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11
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Selective afferent renal denervation mitigates renal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve overactivity and renal function in chronic kidney disease-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 2021; 38:765-773. [PMID: 31764582 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental evidence have shown that renal denervation, by removing both the sympathetic and afferent nerves, improves arterial hypertension and renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Given the key role of renal sympathetic innervation in maintaining sodium and water homeostasis, studies have indicated that the total removal of renal nerves leads to impaired compensatory mechanisms during hemodynamic challenges. METHOD In the present study, we hypothesized that afferent (or sensory) fibers from the diseased kidney contribute to sympathetic overactivation to the kidney and other target organ, such as the splanchnic region, contributing to hypertension in CKD. We used a method to remove selectively the afferent renal fibers (periaxonal application of 33 mmol/l capsaicin) in a rat model of CKD, the 5/6 nephrectomy. RESULTS Three weeks after afferent renal denervation (ARD), we found a decrease in mean arterial pressure (∼15%) and normalization in renal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve hyperactivity in the CKD group. Interestingly, intrarenal renin--angiotensin system, as well as renal fibrosis and function and proteinuria were improved after ARD in CKD rats. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that afferent fibers contribute to the maintenance of arterial hypertension and reduced renal function that are likely to be mediated by increased sympathetic nerve activity to the renal territory as well as to other target organs in CKD.
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12
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Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Santos JFD, Macedo FN, Marçal AC, Santana Filho VJ, Wichi RB, Lauton-Santos S. Strength Training Reduces Cardiac and Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:4-11. [PMID: 33566958 PMCID: PMC8159508 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fundamento O treino de força tem efeitos benéficos em doenças renais, além de ajudar a melhorar a defesa antioxidante em animais saudáveis. Objetivo Verificar se o treino de força reduz o dano oxidativo ao coração e rim contralateral para cirurgia de indução de hipertensão renovascular, bem como avaliar as alterações na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes endógenas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx). Métodos Dezoito ratos machos foram divididos em três grupos (n=6/grupo): placebo, hipertenso e hipertenso treinado. Os animais foram induzidos a hipertensão renovascular através da ligação da artéria renal esquerda. O treino de força foi iniciado quatro semanas após a indução da hipertensão renovascular, teve 12 semanas de duração e foi realizada a 70% de 1RM. Depois do período de treino, os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia e o rim esquerdo e o coração foram retirados para realizar a quantificação de peróxidos de hidrogênio, malondialdeído e grupos sulfidrílicos, que são marcadores de danos oxidativos. Além disso, foram medidas as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Resultados Depois do treino de força, houve redução de danos oxidativos a lipídios e proteínas, como pode-se observar pela redução de peróxidos de hidrogênio e níveis sulfidrílicos totais, respectivamente. Além disso, houve um aumento nas atividades das enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase. Conclusão O treino de força tem o potencial de reduzir danos oxidativos, aumentando a atividades de enzimas antioxidantes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):4-11)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology - Cardiac Exercise Reserch Group, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Trondheim - Noruega.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | | | - Fabricio Nunes Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário Estácio de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE - Brasil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Departamento de Morfologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | - Valter J Santana Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | - Rogerio Brandão Wichi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
| | - Sandra Lauton-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil
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13
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Veiga AC, Milanez MIO, Campos RR, Bergamaschi CT, Nishi EE. The involvement of renal afferents in the maintenance of cardiorenal diseases. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R88-R93. [PMID: 33146555 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00225.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Elevated sympathetic vasomotor activity is a common feature of cardiorenal diseases. Therefore, the sympathetic nervous system is an important therapeutic target, particularly the fibers innervating the kidneys. In fact, renal denervation has been applied clinically and shown promising results in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the cardiorenal protection induced by renal denervation have not yet been fully clarified. This mini-review highlights historical and recent aspects related to the role of renal sensory fibers in the control of cardiorenal function under normal conditions and in experimental models of cardiovascular disease. Results have demonstrated that alterations in renal sensory function participate in the maintenance of elevated sympathetic vasomotor activity and cardiorenal changes; as such, renal sensory fibers may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiorenal diseases. Although it has not yet been applied in clinical practice, selective afferent renal denervation may be promising, since such an approach maintains efferent activity and can provide more refined control of renal function compared with total renal denervation. However, more studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which renal afferents partially contribute to such changes, in addition to the need to evaluate the safety and advantages of the approach for application in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Veiga
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maycon I O Milanez
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika E Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Milanez MIO, Veiga AC, Martins BS, Pontes RB, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR, Nishi EE. Renal Sensory Activity Regulates the γ-Aminobutyric Acidergic Inputs to the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Goldblatt Hypertension. Front Physiol 2020; 11:601237. [PMID: 33384613 PMCID: PMC7769809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal sensory activity is centrally integrated within brain nuclei involved in the control of cardiovascular function, suggesting that renal afferents regulate basal and reflex sympathetic vasomotor activity. Evidence has shown that renal deafferentation (DAx) evokes a hypotensive and sympathoinhibitory effect in experimental models of cardiovascular diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms involved in this phenomenon need to be clarified, especially those related to central aspects. We aimed to investigate the role of renal afferents in the control of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inputs to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in renovascular hypertensive (2K1C) rats and their influence in the regulation of cardiovascular function. Hypertension was induced by clipping the left renal artery. After 4 weeks, renal DAx was performed by exposing the left renal nerve to a 33 mM capsaicin solution for 15 min. After 2 weeks of DAx, microinjection of muscimol into the PVN was performed in order to evaluate the influence of GABAergic activity in the PVN and its contribution to the control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA) and blood pressure (BP). Muscimol microinjected into the PVN triggered a higher drop in BP and rSNA in the 2K1C rats and renal DAx mitigated these responses. These results suggest that renal afferents are involved in the GABAergic changes found in the PVN of 2K1C rats. Although the functional significance of this phenomenon needs to be clarified, it is reasonable to speculate that GABAergic alterations occur to mitigate microglia activation-induced sympathoexcitation in the PVN of 2K1C rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycon I O Milanez
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Veiga
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Martins
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto B Pontes
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika E Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Milanez MIO, Nishi EE, Rocha AA, Bergamaschi CT, Campos RR. Interaction between angiotensin II and GABA in the spinal cord regulates sympathetic vasomotor activity in Goldblatt hypertension. Neurosci Lett 2020; 728:134976. [PMID: 32304717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have been described changes in brain regions contributing to the sympathetic vasomotor overactivity in Goldblatt hypertension (2K1C). Furthermore, changes in the spinal cord are also involved in the cardiovascular and autonomic dysfunction in renovascular hypertension, as intrathecal (i.t.) administration of Losartan (Los) causes a robust hypotensive/sympathoinhibitory response in 2K1C but not in control rats. The present study evaluated the role of spinal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inputs in the control of sympathetic vasomotor activity in the 2K1C rats. Hypertension was induced by clipping the renal artery. After six weeks, a catheter (PE-10) was inserted into the subarachnoid space and advanced to the T10-11 vertebral level in urethane-anaesthetized rats. The effects of i.t. injection of bicuculline (Bic) on blood pressure (BP), renal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA and sSNA, respectively) were evaluated over 40 consecutive minutes in the presence or absence of spinal AT1 antagonism. I.t. Bic triggered a more intense pressor and sympathoexcitatory response in 2K1C rats, however, these responses were attenuated by previous i.t. Los. No differences in the gene expression of GAD 65 and GABA-A receptors subunits in the spinal cord segments were found. Thus, the sympathoexcitation induced by spinal GABA-A blockade is dependent of local AT1 receptor in 2K1C but not in control rats. Excitatory angiotensinergic inputs to sympathetic preganglionic neurons are tonic controlled by spinal GABAergic actions in Goldblatt hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maycon I O Milanez
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika E Nishi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio A Rocha
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia T Bergamaschi
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Anti-hypertensive effect of hydrogen peroxide acting centrally. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1192-1203. [PMID: 32461634 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the increase of endogenous H2O2 centrally produced by catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) injected icv reduces the pressor responses to central angiotensin II (ANG II) in normotensive rats. In the present study, we investigated the changes in the arterial pressure and in the pressor responses to ANG II icv in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats treated with H2O2 injected icv or ATZ injected icv or intravenously (iv). Adult male SHRs or Holtzman rats (n = 5-10/group) with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the lateral ventricle were used. In freely moving rats, H2O2 (5 μmol/1 μl) or ATZ (5 nmol/1 μl) icv reduced the pressor responses to ANG II (50 ng/1 µl) icv in SHRs (11 ± 3 and 17 ± 4 mmHg, respectively, vs. 35 ± 6 mmHg) and 2K1C hypertensive rats (3 ± 1 and 16 ± 3 mmHg, respectively, vs. 26 ± 2 mmHg). ATZ (3.6 mmol/kg of body weight) iv alone or combined with H2O2 icv also reduced icv ANG II-induced pressor response in SHRs and 2K1C hypertensive rats. Baseline arterial pressure was also reduced (-10 to -15 mmHg) in 2K1C hypertensive rats treated with H2O2 icv and ATZ iv alone or combined and in SHRs treated with H2O2 icv alone or combined with ATZ iv. The results suggest that exogenous or endogenous H2O2 acting centrally produces anti-hypertensive effects impairing central pressor mechanisms activated by ANG II in SHRs or 2K1C hypertensive rats.
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17
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Jackson KL, Gueguen C, Lim K, Eikelis N, Stevenson ER, Charchar FJ, Lambert GW, Burke SL, Paterson MR, Marques FZ, Head GA. Neural suppression of miRNA-181a in the kidney elevates renin expression and exacerbates hypertension in Schlager mice. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1152-1164. [PMID: 32427944 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BPH/2J mice are a genetic model of hypertension with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). BPH/2J display higher renal renin mRNA and low levels of its negative regulator microRNA-181a (miR-181a). We hypothesise that high renal SNS activity may reduce miR-181a expression, which contributes to elevated RAS activity and hypertension in BPH/2J. Our aim was to determine whether in vivo administration of a renal-specific miR-181a mimic or whether renal denervation could increase renal miR-181a abundance to reduce renal renin mRNA, RAS activity and hypertension in BPH/2J mice. Blood pressure (BP) in BPH/2J and normotensive BPN/3J mice was measured via radiotelemetry probes. Mice were administered miR-181a mimic or a negative control (1-25 nmol, i.v., n = 6-10) with BP measured for 48 h after each dose or they underwent renal denervation or sham surgery (n = 7-9). Injection of 5-25 nmol miR-181a mimic reduced BP in BPH/2J mice after 36-48 h (-5.3 ± 1.8, -6.1 ± 1.9 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.016). Treatment resulted in lower renal renin and inflammatory marker (TLR4) mRNA levels in BPH/2J. The mimic abolished the hypotensive effect of blocking the RAS with enalaprilat (P < 0.01). No differences between mimic or vehicle were observed in BPN/3J mice except for a higher level of renal angiotensinogen in the mimic-treated mice. Renal miR-181a levels that were lower in sham BPH/2J mice were greater following renal denervation and were thus similar to those of BPN/3J. Our findings suggest that the reduced renal miR-181a may partially contribute to the elevated BP in BPH/2J mice, through an interaction between the renal sympathetic nerves and miR-181a regulation of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyungjoon Lim
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily R Stevenson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandra L Burke
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine R Paterson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Lopes NR, Milanez MIO, Martins BS, Veiga AC, Ferreira GR, Gomes GN, Girardi AC, Carvalho PM, Nogueira FN, Campos RR, Bergamaschi CT, Nishi EE. Afferent innervation of the ischemic kidney contributes to renal dysfunction in renovascular hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:325-334. [PMID: 31925527 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ablation of renal nerves, by destroying both the sympathetic and afferent fibers, has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure in resistant hypertensive patients. However, experimental studies have reported that the removal of sympathetic fibers may lead to side effects, such as the impairment of compensatory cardiorenal responses during a hemodynamic challenge. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of the selective removal of renal afferent fibers on arterial hypertension, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and renal changes in a model of renovascular hypertension. After 4 weeks of clipping the left renal artery, afferent renal denervation (ARD) was performed by exposing the left renal nerve to a 33 mM capsaicin solution for 15 min. After 2 weeks of ARD, we found reduced MAP (~ 18%) and sympathoexcitation to both the ischemic and contralateral kidneys in the hypertensive group. Moreover, a reduction in reactive oxygen species was observed in the ischemic (76%) and contralateral (27%) kidneys in the 2K1C group. In addition, ARD normalized renal function markers and proteinuria and podocin in the contralateral kidney. Taken altogether, we show that the selective removal of afferent fibers is an effective method to reduce MAP and improve renal changes without compromising the function of renal sympathetic fibers in the 2K1C model. Renal afferent nerves may be a new target in neurogenic hypertension and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R Lopes
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maycon I O Milanez
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Martins
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Veiga
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna R Ferreira
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guiomar N Gomes
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Girardi
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Polliane M Carvalho
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Dentistry Faculty, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando N Nogueira
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Dentistry Faculty, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika E Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Division, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo, SP, 04023-060, Brazil.
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Melatonin as a rational alternative in the conservative treatment of resistant hypertension. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1828-1831. [PMID: 31515506 PMCID: PMC8075989 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Nishi EE, Almeida VR, Amaral FG, Simon KA, Futuro-Neto HA, Pontes RB, Cespedes JG, Campos RR, Bergamaschi CT. Melatonin attenuates renal sympathetic overactivity and reactive oxygen species in the brain in neurogenic hypertension. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1683-1691. [PMID: 31316170 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sympathetic overactivation contributes to the pathogenesis of both experimental and human hypertension. We have previously reported that oxidative stress in sympathetic premotor neurons leads to arterial baroreflex dysfunction and increased sympathetic drive to the kidneys in an experimental model of neurogenic hypertension. In this study, we hypothesized that melatonin, a potent antioxidant, may be protective in the brainstem regions involved in the tonic and reflex control of blood pressure (BP) in renovascular hypertensive rats. Neurogenic hypertension was induced by placing a silver clip (gap of 0.2 mm) around the left renal artery, and after 5 weeks of renal clip placement, the rats were treated orally with melatonin (30 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 15 days. At the end of melatonin treatment, we evaluated baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA), and the baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) and rSNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected within the brainstem regions by dihydroethidium staining. Melatonin treatment effectively reduced baseline MAP and sympathoexcitation to the ischemic kidney in renovascular hypertensive rats. The baroreflex control of HR and rSNA were improved after melatonin treatment in the hypertensive group. Moreover, there was a preferential decrease in ROS within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Therefore, our study indicates that melatonin is effective in reducing renal sympathetic overactivity associated with decreased ROS in brainstem regions that regulate BP in an experimental model of neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika E Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Campus São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor R Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Campus São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G Amaral
- Department of Physiology, Campus São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin A Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Campus Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto B Pontes
- Department of Physiology, Campus São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Cespedes
- Institute of Science and Technology, Campus São José dos Campos, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Department of Physiology, Campus São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia T Bergamaschi
- Department of Physiology, Campus São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carvalho-Galvão A, Guimarães DD, De Brito Alves JL, Braga VA. Central Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Reduces Hypertension by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 31114507 PMCID: PMC6502978 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the central nervous system is being considered a key player linked to neurogenic hypertension. Using combined in vivo and in vitro approaches, we investigated the effects of central inhibition of TNF-α on blood pressure, sympathetic tone, baroreflex sensitivity, and oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of rats with 2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertension. Continuous infusion of pentoxifylline, a TNF-α inhibitor, into the lateral ventricle of the brain for 14 consecutive days reduced blood pressure and improved baroreflex sensitivity in renovascular hypertensive rats. Furthermore, central TNF-α inhibition reduced sympathetic modulation and blunted the increased superoxide accumulation in the RVLM of 2K1C rats. Our findings suggest that TNF-α play an important role in the maintenance of sympathetic vasomotor tone and increased oxidative stress in the RVLM during renovascular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drielle D Guimarães
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José L De Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Carlström M, Braga VA. Mechanisms underlying the effects of renal denervation in renovascular hypertension. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:754-757. [PMID: 30796370 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa-PB, Brazil.
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