1
|
Land AT, Dey Chowdhury M, Agrawal AR, Wilson DJ. Sub-ppm Nanomechanical Absorption Spectroscopy of Silicon Nitride. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7578-7583. [PMID: 38742810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Material absorption is a key limitation in nanophotonic systems; however, its characterization is often obscured by scattering and diffraction. Here we show that nanomechanical frequency spectroscopy can be used to characterize material absorption at the parts per million level and use it to characterize the extinction coefficient κ of stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4). Specifically, we track the frequency shift of a high-Q Si3N4 trampoline in response to laser photothermal heating and infer κ from a model including stress relaxation and both conductive and radiative heat transfer. A key insight is the presence of two thermalization time scales: rapid radiative cooling of the Si3N4 film and slow parasitic heating of the Si chip. We infer κ ∼ 0.1-1 ppm for Si3N4 in the 532-1550 nm wavelength range, matching bounds set by waveguide resonators. Our approach is applicable to diverse photonic materials and may offer new insights into their potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Land
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mitul Dey Chowdhury
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Aman R Agrawal
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dalziel J Wilson
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Slim JJ, Wanjura CC, Brunelli M, Del Pino J, Nunnenkamp A, Verhagen E. Optomechanical realization of the bosonic Kitaev chain. Nature 2024; 627:767-771. [PMID: 38538943 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The fermionic Kitaev chain is a canonical model featuring topological Majorana zero modes1. We report the experimental realization of its bosonic analogue2 in a nano-optomechanical network, in which the parametric interactions induce beam-splitter coupling and two-mode squeezing among the nanomechanical modes, analogous to hopping and p-wave pairing in the fermionic case, respectively. This specific structure gives rise to a set of extraordinary phenomena in the bosonic dynamics and transport. We observe quadrature-dependent chiral amplification, exponential scaling of the gain with system size and strong sensitivity to boundary conditions. All these are linked to the unique non-Hermitian topological nature of the bosonic Kitaev chain. We probe the topological phase transition and uncover a rich dynamical phase diagram by controlling interaction phases and amplitudes. Finally, we present an experimental demonstration of an exponentially enhanced response to a small perturbation3,4. These results represent the demonstration of a new synthetic phase of matter whose bosonic dynamics do not have fermionic parallels, and we have established a powerful system for studying non-Hermitian topology and its applications for signal manipulation and sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Slim
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clara C Wanjura
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Del Pino
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ewold Verhagen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onah FE, Jaramillo-Ávila BR, Maldonado-Villamizar FH, Rodríguez-Lara BM. Optical coupling control of isolated mechanical resonators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:941. [PMID: 38200050 PMCID: PMC10781770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a Hamiltonian model describing two pairs of mechanical and optical modes under standard optomechanical interaction. The vibrational modes are mechanically isolated from each other and the optical modes couple evanescently. We recover the ranges for variables of interest, such as mechanical and optical resonant frequencies and naked coupling strengths, using a finite element model for a standard experimental realization. We show that the quantum model, under this parameter range and external optical driving, may be approximated into parametric interaction models for all involved modes. As an example, we study the effect of detuning in the optical resonant frequencies modes and optical driving resolved to mechanical sidebands and show an optical beam splitter with interaction strength dressed by the mechanical excitation number, a mechanical bidirectional coupler, and a two-mode mechanical squeezer where the optical state mediates the interaction strength between the mechanical modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E Onah
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico
- The Division of Theoretical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka Campus, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - B R Jaramillo-Ávila
- CONAHCYT-CICESE, Unidad Monterrey, Alianza Centro 504, PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon, 66629, Mexico.
| | - F H Maldonado-Villamizar
- CONAHCYT-Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Calle Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Sta. Ma. Tonantzintla, Pue., C.P. 72840, Mexico
| | - B M Rodríguez-Lara
- Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carr. Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún Km.20, Ex-Hda. Santa Bárbara, Zempoala, 43830, Hidalgo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arregui G, Ng RC, Albrechtsen M, Stobbe S, Sotomayor-Torres CM, García PD. Cavity Optomechanics with Anderson-Localized Optical Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:043802. [PMID: 36763436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.043802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Confining photons in cavities enhances the interaction between light and matter. In cavity optomechanics, this enables a wealth of phenomena ranging from optomechanically induced transparency to macroscopic objects cooled to their motional ground state. Previous work in cavity optomechanics employed devices where ubiquitous structural disorder played no role beyond perturbing resonance frequencies and quality factors. More generally, the interplay between disorder, which must be described by statistical physics, and optomechanical effects has thus far been unexplored. Here, we demonstrate how sidewall roughness in air-slot photonic-crystal waveguides can induce sufficiently strong backscattering of slot-guided light to create Anderson-localized modes with quality factors as high as half a million and mode volumes estimated to be below the diffraction limit. We observe how the interaction between these disorder-induced optical modes and in-plane mechanical modes of the slotted membrane is governed by a distribution of coupling rates, which can exceed g_{o}/2π∼200 kHz, leading to mechanical amplification up to self sustained oscillations via optomechanical backaction. Our Letter constitutes the first steps towards understanding optomechanics in the multiple-scattering regime and opens new perspectives for exploring complex systems with a multitude of mutually coupled degrees of freedom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Arregui
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - R C Ng
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Albrechtsen
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - S Stobbe
- DTU Electro, Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - C M Sotomayor-Torres
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P D García
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang H, Zhang J. From cavity optomechanics to cavity-less exciton optomechanics: a review. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16710-16730. [PMID: 36245359 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanical coupling based on radiation pressure, photothermal forces and the photoelastic effect has been investigated widely over the past few decades, including optical measurements of mechanical vibration, dynamic backaction damping and amplification, nonlinear dynamics, quantum state transfer and so on. However, the delicate cavity operation, including cavity stabilization, fine detuning, tapered fibre access etc., limits the integration of cavity optomechanical devices. Dynamic backaction damping and amplification based on cavity-less exciton optomechanical coupling in III-V semiconductor nanomechanical systems, semiconductor nanoribbons and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have been demonstrated in recent years. The cavity-less exciton optomechanical systems interconnect photons, phonons and excitons in a highly integrable platform, opening up the development of integrable optomechanics. Furthermore, the highly tunable exciton resonance enables the exciton optomechanical coupling strength to be tuned. In this review, the mechanisms of cavity optomechanical coupling, the principles of exciton optomechanical coupling and the recent progress of cavity-less exciton optomechanics are reviewed. Moreover, the perspectives for exciton optomechanical devices are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian T, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wu L, Lin S, Zhou J, Duan CK, Jiang JH, Du J. Experimental Realization of Nonreciprocal Adiabatic Transfer of Phonons in a Dynamically Modulated Nanomechanical Topological Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:215901. [PMID: 36461959 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.215901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High quality nanomechanical oscillators are promising platforms for quantum entanglement and quantum technology with phonons. Realizing coherent transfer of phonons between distant oscillators is a key challenge in phononic quantum information processing. Here, we report on the realization of robust unidirectional adiabatic pumping of phonons in a parametrically coupled nanomechanical system engineered as a one-dimensional phononic topological insulator. By exploiting three nearly degenerate local modes-two edge states and an interface state between them-and the dynamic modulation of their mutual couplings, we achieve nonreciprocal adiabatic transfer of phononic excitations from one edge to the other with near unit fidelity. We further demonstrate the robustness of such adiabatic transfer of phonons in the presence of various noises in the control signals. Our experiment paves the way toward nonreciprocal phonon dynamics via adiabatic pumping and is valuable for phononic quantum information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Longhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shaochun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-Kui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pelka K, Madiot G, Braive R, Xuereb A. Floquet Control of Optomechanical Bistability in Multimode Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123603. [PMID: 36179176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cavity optomechanical systems make possible the fine manipulation of mechanical degrees of freedom with light, adding functionality and having broad appeal in photonic technologies. We show that distinct mechanical modes can be exploited with a temporally modulated Floquet drive to steer between distinct steady states induced by changes of cavity radiation pressure. We investigate the additional influence of the thermo-optic nonlinearity on these dynamics and find that it can suppress or amplify the control mechanism in contrast to its often performance-limiting character. Our results provide new techniques for the characterization of thermal properties of optomechanical systems and their control, sensing and computational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Pelka
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Guilhem Madiot
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Rémy Braive
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
- Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - André Xuereb
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Two-Membrane Cavity Optomechanics: Linear and Non-Linear Dynamics. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the linear and non-linear dynamics of an optomechanical system made of a two-membrane etalon in a high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity. This two-membrane setup has the capacity to modify on demand the single-photon optomechanical coupling, and in the linearized interaction regime to cool simultaneously two mechanical oscillators. It is a promising platform for realizing cavity optomechanics with multiple resonators. In the non-linear regime, an analytical approach based on slowly varying amplitude equations allows us to derive a consistent and full characterization of the non-linear displacement detection, enabling a truthful detection of membrane displacements much above the usual linear sensing limited by the cavity linewidth. Such a high quality system also shows a pre-synchronization regime.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang DW, Bin SW, You C, Hu CS. Enhancing the nonlinearity of optomechanical system via multiple mechanical modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:1314-1326. [PMID: 35209294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the nonlinear dynamics of an optomechanical system, where the system consists of N identical mechanical oscillators individually coupled to a common cavity field. We find that the optomechanical nonlinearity can be enhanced N times through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation in such a system. This leads to the power thresholds to observe the nonlinear behaviors (bistable, period-doubling, and chaotic dynamics) being reduced to 1/N. In addition, we find that changing the sign (positive or negative) of the coupling strength partly does not affect the threshold of driving power for generating corresponding nonlinear phenomena. Our work may provide a way to engineer optomechanical devices with a lower threshold, which has potential applications in implementing secret information processing and optical sensing.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mercadé L, Pelka K, Burgwal R, Xuereb A, Martínez A, Verhagen E. Floquet Phonon Lasing in Multimode Optomechanical Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:073601. [PMID: 34459652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical radiation pressure effects in cavity optomechanical systems give rise to self-sustained oscillations or 'phonon lasing' behavior, producing stable oscillators up to GHz frequencies in nanoscale devices. Like in photonic lasers, phonon lasing normally occurs in a single mechanical mode. We show here that mode-locked, multimode phonon lasing can be established in a multimode optomechanical system through Floquet dynamics induced by a temporally modulated laser drive. We demonstrate this concept in a suitably engineered silicon photonic nanocavity coupled to multiple GHz-frequency mechanical modes. We find that the long-term frequency stability is significantly improved in the multimode lasing state as a result of the mode locking. These results provide a path toward highly stable ultracompact oscillators, pulsed phonon lasing, coherent waveform synthesis, and emergent many-mode phenomena in oscillator arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercadé
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Karl Pelka
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Roel Burgwal
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Xuereb
- Department of Physics, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ewold Verhagen
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Photonic Integration, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fedoseev V, Luna F, Hedgepeth I, Löffler W, Bouwmeester D. Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage in Optomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:113601. [PMID: 33798387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In multimode optomechanical systems, the mechanical modes can be coupled via the radiation pressure of the common optical mode, but the fidelity of the state transfer is limited by the optical cavity decay. Here we demonstrate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in optomechanics, where the optical mode is not populated during the coherent state transfer between the mechanical modes avoiding this decay channel. We show a state transfer of a coherent mechanical excitation between vibrational modes of a membrane in a high-finesse optical cavity with a transfer efficiency of 86%. Combined with exceptionally high mechanical quality factors, STIRAP between mechanical modes can enable generation, storage, and manipulation of long-lived mechanical quantum states, which is important for quantum information science and for the investigation of macroscopic quantum superpositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Fedoseev
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University, 2333 CA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Luna
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Ian Hedgepeth
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Wolfgang Löffler
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University, 2333 CA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University, 2333 CA, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiao Y, Bai C, Wang D, Zhang S, Wang H. Optical nonreciprocal response and conversion in a Tavis‐Cummings coupling optomechanical system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/que2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, College of ScienceYanbian University
| | | | | | - Shou Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of ScienceYanbian University
| | - Hong‐Fu Wang
- Department of Physics, College of ScienceYanbian University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mathew JP, Pino JD, Verhagen E. Synthetic gauge fields for phonon transport in a nano-optomechanical system. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:198-202. [PMID: 32015506 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gauge fields in condensed matter physics give rise to nonreciprocal and topological transport phenomena and exotic electronic states1. Nanomechanical systems are applied as sensors and in signal processing, and feature strong nonlinearities. Gauge potentials acting on such systems could induce quantum Hall physics for phonons at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate a magnetic gauge field for nanomechanical vibrations in a scalable, on-chip optomechanical system. We induce the gauge field through multi-mode optomechanical interactions, which have been proposed as a resource for the necessary breaking of time-reversal symmetry2-4. In a dynamically modulated nanophotonic system, we observe how radiation pressure forces mediate phonon transport between resonators of different frequencies. The resulting controllable interaction, which is characterized by a high rate and nonreciprocal phase, mimics the Aharonov-Bohm effect5. We show that the introduced scheme does not require high-quality cavities, such that it allows exploring topological acoustic phases in many-mode systems resilient to realistic disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Mathew
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewold Verhagen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Černotík O, Dantan A, Genes C. Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Frequency-Dependent Reflectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:243601. [PMID: 31322406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a general framework for cavity quantum electrodynamics with strongly frequency-dependent mirrors. The method is applicable to a variety of reflectors exhibiting sharp internal resonances as can be realized, for example, with photonic-crystal mirrors or with two-dimensional atomic arrays around subradiant points. Our approach is based on a modification of the standard input-output formalism to explicitly include the dynamics of the mirror's internal resonance. We show how to directly extract the interaction parameters from the comparison with classical transfer matrix theory and how to treat the non-Markovian dynamics of the cavity field mode introduced by the mirror's internal resonance. As an application within optomechanics, we illustrate how a non-Markovian Fano-resonance cavity with a flexible photonic-crystal mirror can provide both sideband resolution as well as strong heating suppression in optomechanical cooling. This approach, amenable to a wide range of systems, opens up possibilities for using hybrid frequency-dependent reflectors in cavity quantum electrodynamics for engineering novel forms of light-matter interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Černotík
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aurélien Dantan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nonreciprocal control and cooling of phonon modes in an optomechanical system. Nature 2019; 568:65-69. [PMID: 30944494 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical resonators are important components of devices that range from gravitational wave detectors to cellular telephones. They serve as high-performance transducers, sensors and filters by offering low dissipation, tunable coupling to diverse physical systems, and compatibility with a wide range of frequencies, materials and fabrication processes. Systems of mechanical resonators typically obey reciprocity, which ensures that the phonon transmission coefficient between any two resonators is independent of the direction of transmission1,2. Reciprocity must be broken to realize devices (such as isolators and circulators) that provide one-way propagation of acoustic energy between resonators. Such devices are crucial for protecting active elements, mitigating noise and operating full-duplex transceivers. Until now, nonreciprocal phononic devices3-11 have not simultaneously combined the features necessary for robust operation: strong nonreciprocity, in situ tunability, compact integration and continuous operation. Furthermore, they have been applied only to coherent signals (rather than fluctuations or noise), and have been realized exclusively in travelling-wave systems (rather than resonators). Here we describe a scheme that uses the standard cavity-optomechanical interaction to produce robust nonreciprocal coupling between phononic resonators. This scheme provides about 30 decibels of isolation in continuous operation and can be tuned in situ simply via the phases of the drive tones applied to the cavity. In addition, by directly monitoring the dynamics of the resonators we show that this nonreciprocity can control thermal fluctuations, and that this control represents a way to cool phononic resonators.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gärtner C, Moura JP, Haaxman W, Norte RA, Gröblacher S. Integrated Optomechanical Arrays of Two High Reflectivity SiN Membranes. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7171-7175. [PMID: 30247926 PMCID: PMC6238187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multielement cavity optomechanics constitutes a direction to observe novel effects with mechanical resonators. Several exciting ideas include superradiance, increased optomechanical coupling, and quantum effects between distinct mechanical modes among others. Realizing these experiments has so far been difficult, because of the need for extremely precise positioning of the elements relative to one another due to the high-reflectivity required for each element. Here we overcome this challenge and present the fabrication of monolithic arrays of two highly reflective mechanical resonators in a single chip. We characterize the optical spectra and losses of these 200 μm long Fabry-Pérot interferometers, measuring finesse values of up to 220. In addition, we observe an enhancement of the coupling rate between the cavity field and the mechanical center-of-mass mode compared to the single membrane case. Further enhancements in coupling with these devices are predicted, potentially reaching the single-photon strong coupling regime, giving these integrated structures an exciting prospect for future multimode quantum experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Gärtner
- Vienna Center for
Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - João P. Moura
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Haaxman
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Norte
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Gröblacher
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|