1
|
Wang Z, Yuan HY, Cao Y, Li ZX, Duine RA, Yan P. Magnonic Frequency Comb through Nonlinear Magnon-Skyrmion Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:037202. [PMID: 34328762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An optical frequency comb consists of a set of discrete and equally spaced frequencies and has found wide applications in the synthesis over a broad range of spectral frequencies of electromagnetic waves and precise optical frequency metrology. Despite the analogies between magnons and photons in many aspects, the analog of an optical frequency comb in magnonic systems has not been reported. Here, we theoretically study the magnon-skyrmion interaction and find that a magnonic frequency comb (MFC) can be generated above a threshold driving amplitude, where the nonlinear scattering process involving three magnons prevails. The mode spacing of the MFC is equal to the breathing-mode frequency of the skyrmion and is thus tunable by either electric or magnetic means. The theoretical prediction is verified by micromagnetic simulations, and the essential physics can be generalized to a large class of magnetic solitons. Our findings open a new pathway to observe frequency comb structures in magnonic devices that may inspire the study of fundamental nonlinear physics in spintronic platforms in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Z-X Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Rembert A Duine
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ebrahimi A, Yousefi M, Shahbazi F, Sheikh Beig Goharrizi MA, Masoudi-Nejad A. Nodes with the highest control power play an important role at the final level of cooperation in directed networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13668. [PMID: 34211043 PMCID: PMC8249622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Controllability of complex networks aims to seek the lowest number of nodes (the driver nodes) that can control all the nodes by receiving the input signals. The concept of control centrality is used to determine the power of each node to control the network. The more a node controls the nodes through connections in the network, the more it has the power to control. Although the cooperative and free-rider strategies and the final level of cooperation in a population are considered and studied in the public goods game. However, it is yet to determine a solution to indicate the effectiveness of each member in changing the strategies of the other members. In a network, the choice of nodes effective in changing the other nodes' strategies, as free-riders, will lead to lower cooperation and vice versa. This paper uses simulated and real networks to investigate that the nodes with the highest control power are more effective than the hubs, local, and random nodes in changing the strategies of the other nodes and the final level of cooperation. Results indicate that the nodes with the highest control power as free-riders, compared to the other sets being under consideration, can lead to a lower level of cooperation and are, therefore, more effective in changing the strategies of the other nodes. The obtained results can be considered in the treatment of cancer. So that, destroying the tumoral cells with the highest control power should be a priority as these cells have a higher capability to change the strategies of the other cells from cooperators to free-riders (healthy to tumoral).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahimi
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Yousefi
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Shahbazi
- Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shim J, Kim SJ, Kim SK, Lee KJ. Enhanced Magnon-Photon Coupling at the Angular Momentum Compensation Point of Ferrimagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:027205. [PMID: 32701310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.027205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically show that the coupling between magnons in an antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnet and microwave photons in a cavity is largely enhanced at the angular momentum compensation point (T_{A}) when T_{A} is distinct from the magnetization compensation point. The origin of the enhanced magnon-photon coupling at T_{A} is identified as the antiferromagnetic spin dynamics combined with a finite magnetization. Moreover, we show that strong magnon-photon coupling can be achieved at high excitation frequency in a ferrimagnet, which is challenging to achieve for a ferromagnet due to low magnon frequency and for an antiferromagnet due to weak magnon-photon coupling. Our results will invigorate research on magnon-photon coupling by proposing ferrimagnets as a versatile platform that offers advantages of both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaechul Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Gyeonggi 18448, Korea
| | - Seok-Jong Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Se Kwon Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng F, Thomson MD, Klug B, Čibiraitė D, Ul-Islam Q, Roskos HG. Nonlocal collective ultrastrong interaction of plasmonic metamaterials and photons in a terahertz photonic crystal cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:24455-24468. [PMID: 31510334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interaction in the strong coupling regime is of profound interest for fundamental quantum optics, information processing and the realization of ultrahigh-resolution sensors. Here, we report a new way to realize strong light-matter interaction, by coupling metamaterial plasmonic "quasi-particles" with photons in a photonic cavity, in the terahertz frequency range. The resultant cavity polaritons exhibit a splitting which can reach the ultra-strong coupling regime, even with the comparatively low density of quasi-particles, and inherit the high Q-factor of the cavity despite the relatively broad resonances of the Swiss-cross and split-ring-resonator metamaterials used. We also demonstrate nonlocal collective interaction of spatially separated metamaterial layers mediated by the cavity photons. By applying the quantum electrodynamic formalism to the density dependence of the polariton splitting, we can deduce the intrinsic transition dipole moment for single-quantum excitation of the metamaterial quasi-particles, which is orders of magnitude larger than those of natural atoms. These findings are of interest for the investigation of fundamental strong-coupling phenomena, but also for applications such as ultra-low-threshold terahertz polariton lasing, voltage-controlled modulators and frequency filters, and ultra-sensitive chemical and biological sensing.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rao JW, Kaur S, Yao BM, Edwards ERJ, Zhao YT, Fan X, Xue D, Silva TJ, Gui YS, Hu CM. Analogue of dynamic Hall effect in cavity magnon polariton system and coherently controlled logic device. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2934. [PMID: 31270322 PMCID: PMC6610622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity magnon polaritons are mixed quasiparticles that arise from the strong coupling between cavity photons and quantized magnons. Combining high-speed photons with long-coherence-time magnons, such polaritons promise to be a potential candidate for quantum information processing. For harnessing coherent information contained in spatially distributed polariton states, it is highly desirable to manipulate cavity magnon polaritons in a two-dimensional system. Here, we demonstrate that tunable cavity magnon polariton transport can be achieved by strongly coupling magnons to microwave photons in a cross-cavity. An analog to the dynamic Hall effect has been demonstrated in a planar cavity spintronic device, where the propagation of cavity-magnon-polaritons is deflected transversally due to hybrid magnon-photon dynamics. Implementing this device as a Michelson-type interferometer using the coherent nature of the dynamic Hall and longitudinal signals, we have developed a proof-of-principle logic device to control the amplitude of cavity-magnon-polaritons by encoding the input microwave phase. Exploring photon-polariton interactions advances not only the understanding of polariton dynamics but also the modern technologies. Here the authors take advantage of strong coupled magnons and microwave photons in a cross-cavity to achieve tunable cavity magnon polariton transport which can be potentially applied as logic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada.,The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - S Kaur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - B M Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada. .,State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, People's Republic of China.
| | - E R J Edwards
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Y T Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Xue
- The Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - T J Silva
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li J, Zhu SY, Agarwal GS. Magnon-Photon-Phonon Entanglement in Cavity Magnomechanics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:203601. [PMID: 30500215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show how to generate tripartite entanglement in a cavity magnomechanical system which consists of magnons, cavity microwave photons, and phonons. The magnons are embodied by a collective motion of a large number of spins in a macroscopic ferrimagnet, and are driven directly by an electromagnetic field. The cavity photons and magnons are coupled via magnetic dipole interaction, and the magnons and phonons are coupled via magnetostrictive (radiation pressurelike) interaction. We show optimal parameter regimes for achieving the tripartite entanglement where magnons, cavity photons, and phonons are entangled with each other, and we further prove that the steady state of the system is a genuinely tripartite entangled state. The entanglement is robust against temperature. Our results indicate that cavity magnomechanical systems could provide a promising platform for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - G S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harder M, Yang Y, Yao BM, Yu CH, Rao JW, Gui YS, Stamps RL, Hu CM. Level Attraction Due to Dissipative Magnon-Photon Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:137203. [PMID: 30312103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report dissipative magnon-photon coupling caused by the cavity Lenz effect, where the magnons in a magnet induce a rf current in the cavity, leading to a cavity backaction that impedes the magnetization dynamics. This effect is revealed in our experiment as level attraction with a coalescence of hybridized magnon-photon modes, which is distinctly different from level repulsion with mode anticrossing caused by coherent magnon-photon coupling. We develop a method to control the interpolation of coherent and dissipative magnon-photon coupling, and observe a matching condition where the two effects cancel. Our work sheds light on the so-far hidden side of magnon-photon coupling, opening a new avenue for controlling and utilizing light-matter interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Harder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - B M Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - C H Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of ASIC Design, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - R L Stamps
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang HH, Xiao Y, Hu CM, Guo H, Xia K. Effect of magnetization boundary condition on cavity magnon polariton of YIG thin film. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:254002. [PMID: 29596061 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aababf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent studies of cavity magnon polariton (CMP), we extended a previous theoretical work to generalize microwave transmission calculation with various magnetization boundary condition of YIG thin film embedded in cavity. It is found that numerical implementation given in this paper can be easily applied to other magnetization boundary condition and extended to magnetic multilayers. Numerical results show that ferromagnetic resonance mode of microwave transmission spectrum, which is absent in previous calculation, can be recovered by altering the pinning condition of surface spins. The demonstrated reliability of our theory opens attractive perspectives for studying CMP of thin film with complicated surface magnetization distribution and magnetic multilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Jiang
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|