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Mahon MB, Sack A, Aleuy OA, Barbera C, Brown E, Buelow H, Civitello DJ, Cohen JM, de Wit LA, Forstchen M, Halliday FW, Heffernan P, Knutie SA, Korotasz A, Larson JG, Rumschlag SL, Selland E, Shepack A, Vincent N, Rohr JR. A meta-analysis on global change drivers and the risk of infectious disease. Nature 2024; 629:830-836. [PMID: 38720068 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic change is contributing to the rise in emerging infectious diseases, which are significantly correlated with socioeconomic, environmental and ecological factors1. Studies have shown that infectious disease risk is modified by changes to biodiversity2-6, climate change7-11, chemical pollution12-14, landscape transformations15-20 and species introductions21. However, it remains unclear which global change drivers most increase disease and under what contexts. Here we amassed a dataset from the literature that contains 2,938 observations of infectious disease responses to global change drivers across 1,497 host-parasite combinations, including plant, animal and human hosts. We found that biodiversity loss, chemical pollution, climate change and introduced species are associated with increases in disease-related end points or harm, whereas urbanization is associated with decreases in disease end points. Natural biodiversity gradients, deforestation and forest fragmentation are comparatively unimportant or idiosyncratic as drivers of disease. Overall, these results are consistent across human and non-human diseases. Nevertheless, context-dependent effects of the global change drivers on disease were found to be common. The findings uncovered by this meta-analysis should help target disease management and surveillance efforts towards global change drivers that increase disease. Specifically, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, managing ecosystem health, and preventing biological invasions and biodiversity loss could help to reduce the burden of plant, animal and human diseases, especially when coupled with improvements to social and economic determinants of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Mahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Alexandra Sack
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - O Alejandro Aleuy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Carly Barbera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ethan Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Heather Buelow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Jeremy M Cohen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luz A de Wit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Meghan Forstchen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Fletcher W Halliday
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Patrick Heffernan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Alexis Korotasz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Joanna G Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Emily Selland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Shepack
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Nitin Vincent
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Sckrabulis JP, Messner ML, Stanny J, McWhinnie RB, Ansari HD, Hajek AM, Bageris A, Raffel TR. Large-scale spatial drivers of avian schistosomes in Northern Michigan inland lakes. Parasitology 2024; 151:495-505. [PMID: 38465379 PMCID: PMC11106508 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Avian schistosomes are snail-borne trematode parasites (Trichobilharzia spp.) that can cause a nasty skin rash in humans when their cercariae mistake us for their normal bird hosts. We sought to investigate drivers of the spatial distribution of Trichobilharzia cercaria abundance throughout Northern Michigan lakes. For 38 sites on 16 lakes, we assessed several dozen potential environmental predictors that we hypothesized might have direct or indirect effects on overall cercaria abundance, based on known relationships between abiotic and biotic factors in wetland ecosystems. We included variables quantifying local densities of intermediate hosts, temperature, periphyton growth rates, human land use and hydrology. We also measured daily abundance of schistosome cercariae in the water over a 5-week period, supported by community scientists who collected and preserved filtered water samples for qPCR. The strongest predictor of cercaria abundance was Lymnaea host snail density. Lymnaea density was higher in deeper lakes and at sites with more deciduous tree cover, consistent with their association with cool temperature habitats. Contrary to past studies of human schistosomes, we also found a significant negative relationship between cercaria abundance and submerged aquatic vegetation, possibly due to vegetation blocking cercaria movement from offshore snail beds. If future work shows that these effects are indeed causal, then these results suggest possible new approaches to managing swimmer's itch risk in northern MI lakes, such as modifying tree cover and shallow-water vegetation at local sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Sckrabulis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Madelyn L. Messner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Jenna Stanny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Ryan B. McWhinnie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Hamzah D. Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, 260 Mathematics and Science Center, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Aleena M. Hajek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Alexander Bageris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Thomas R. Raffel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, 118 Library Drive, 374 Dodge Hall, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Schols R, Smitz N, Vanderheyden A, Huyse T. Expanding the swimmer's itch pool of the Benelux: a first record of the neurotropic Trichobilharzia regenti and potential link to human infection. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:126. [PMID: 38481352 PMCID: PMC10938770 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swimmer's itch, an allergic contact dermatitis caused by avian and mammalian blood flukes, is a parasitic infection affecting people worldwide. In particular, avian blood flukes of the genus Trichobilharzia are infamous for their role in swimmer's itch cases. These parasites infect waterfowl as a final host, but incidental infections by cercariae in humans are frequently reported. Upon accidental infections of humans, parasite larvae will be recognized by the immune system and destroyed, leading to painful itchy skin lesions. However, one species, Trichobilharzia regenti, can escape this response in experimental animals and reach the spinal cord, causing neuroinflammation. In the last few decades, there has been an increase in case reports across Europe, making it an emerging zoonosis. METHODS Following a reported case of swimmer's itch in Kampenhout in 2022 (Belgium), the transmission site consisting of a private pond and an adjacent creek was investigated through a malacological and parasitological survey. RESULTS Six snail species were collected, including the widespread Ampullaceana balthica, a well-known intermediate host for Trichobilharzia parasites. Shedding experiments followed by DNA barcoding revealed a single snail specimen to be infected with T. regenti, a new species record for Belgium and by extension the Benelux. Moreover, it is the most compelling case to date of the link between this neurotropic parasite and cercarial dermatitis. Additionally, an Echinostomatidae sp. and Notocotylus sp. were isolated from two other specimens of A. balthica. However, the lack of reference DNA sequences for these groups in the online repositories prevented genus- and species-level identification, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The presence of T. regenti in Belgium might have severe clinical implications and its finding highlights the need for increased vigilance and diagnostic awareness among medical professionals. The lack of species-level identification of the other two parasite species showcases the barcoding void for trematodes. Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for a Belgian framework to rapidly detect and monitor zoonotic outbreaks of trematode parasites within the One Health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Schols
- Department of Biology & BopCo, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven, Campus Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Smitz
- Department of Biology & BopCo, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Ann Vanderheyden
- BopCo, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology & BopCo, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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Xie H, Chen D, Feng Y, Mo F, Liu L, Xing J, Xiao W, Gong Y, Tang S, Tan Z, Liang G, Zhao S, Yin W, Huang J. Evaluation of the TLR3 involvement during Schistosoma japonicum-induced pathology. BMC Immunol 2024; 25:2. [PMID: 38172683 PMCID: PMC10765740 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the functions of TLRs in the parasitic infections have been extensively reported, few studies have addressed the role of TLR3 in the immune response to Schistosoma japonicum infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of TLR3 in the liver of C57BL/6 mice infected by S. japonicum. METHODS The production of TLR3+ cells in CD4+T cells (CD4+CD3+), CD8+T cells (CD8+CD3+), γδT cells (γδTCR+CD3+), NKT cells (NK1.1+CD3+), B cells (CD19+CD3-), NK (NK1.1-CD3+) cells, MDSC (CD11b+Gr1+), macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+), DCs (CD11c+CD11b+) and neutrophils (CD11b+ Ly6g+) were assessed by flow cytometry. Sections of the liver were examined by haematoxylin and eosin staining in order to measure the area of granulomas. Hematological parameters including white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (PLT) and hemoglobin (HGB) were analyzed. The levels of ALT and AST in the serum were measured using biochemical kits. The relative titers of anti-SEA IgG and anti-SEA IgM in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD25, CD69, CD314 and CD94 molecules were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Flow cytometry results showed that the expression of TLR3 increased significantly after S. japonicum infection (P < 0.05). Hepatic myeloid and lymphoid cells could express TLR3, and the percentages of TLR3-expressing MDSC, macrophages and neutrophils were increased after infection. Knocking out TLR3 ameliorated the damage and decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells in infected C57BL/6 mouse livers.,The number of WBC was significantly reduced in TLR3 KO-infected mice compared to WT-infected mice (P < 0.01), but the levels of RBC, platelet and HGB were significantly increased in KO infected mice. Moreover, the relative titers of anti-SEA IgG and anti-SEA IgM in the serum of infected KO mice were statistically decreased compared with the infected WT mice. We also compared the activation-associated molecules expression between S.japonicum-infected WT and TLR3 KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicated that TLR3 played potential roles in the context of S. japonicum infection and it may accelerate the progression of S. japonicum-associated liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Dianhui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Feng Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lin Liu
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Junmin Xing
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yumei Gong
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shanni Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Zhengrong Tan
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Guikuan Liang
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Weiguo Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511518, China.
- China Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Department of basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Ahmed T, Noman M, Gardea-Torresdey JL, White JC, Li B. Dynamic interplay between nano-enabled agrochemicals and the plant-associated microbiome. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1310-1325. [PMID: 37453924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant-associated microbiome is known to be a critical component for crop growth, nutrient acquisition, resistance to pathogens, and abiotic stress tolerance. Conventional approaches have been attempted to manipulate the plant-soil microbiome to improve plant performance; however, several issues have arisen, such as collateral negative impacts on microbiota composition. The lack of reliability and robustness of conventional techniques warrants efforts to develop novel alternative strategies. Nano-enabled approaches have emerged as promising platforms for enhancing agricultural sustainability and global food security. Specifically, the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as nanoscale agrochemicals has great potential to modulate the plant-associated microbiome. We review the dynamic interplay between nano-agrochemicals and the plant-associated microbiome for the safe development and use of nano-enabled microbiome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Faiad SM, Williams MA, Goodman M, Sokolow S, Olden JD, Mitchell K, Andriantsoa R, Gordon Jones JP, Andriamaro L, Ravoniarimbinina P, Rasamy J, Ravelomanana T, Ravelotafita S, Ravo R, Rabinowitz P, De Leo GA, Wood CL. Temperature affects predation of schistosome-competent snails by a novel invader, the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290615. [PMID: 37703262 PMCID: PMC10499222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human burden of environmentally transmitted infectious diseases can depend strongly on ecological factors, including the presence or absence of natural enemies. The marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) is a novel invasive species that can tolerate a wide range of ecological conditions and colonize diverse habitats. Marbled crayfish first appeared in Madagascar in 2005 and quickly spread across the country, overlapping with the distribution of freshwater snails that serve as the intermediate host of schistosomiasis-a parasitic disease of poverty with human prevalence ranging up to 94% in Madagascar. It has been hypothesized that the marbled crayfish may serve as a predator of schistosome-competent snails in areas where native predators cannot and yet no systematic study to date has been conducted to estimate its predation rate on snails. Here, we experimentally assessed marbled crayfish consumption of uninfected and infected schistosome-competent snails (Biomphalaria glabrata and Bulinus truncatus) across a range of temperatures, reflective of the habitat range of the marbled crayfish in Madagascar. We found that the relationship between crayfish consumption and temperature is unimodal with a peak at ~27.5°C. Per-capita consumption increased with body size and was not affected either by snail species or their infectious status. We detected a possible satiation effect, i.e., a small but significant reduction in per-capita consumption rate over the 72-hour duration of the predation experiment. Our results suggest that ecological parameters, such as temperature and crayfish weight, influence rates of consumption and, in turn, the potential impact of the marbled crayfish invasion on snail host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Faiad
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. Williams
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD, United States of America
| | - Maurice Goodman
- Hopkins Marine Station, Dept. of Oceans and of Earth System Science, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Susanne Sokolow
- Hopkins Marine Station, Dept. of Oceans and of Earth System Science, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn Mitchell
- Hopkins Marine Station, Dept. of Oceans and of Earth System Science, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Ranja Andriantsoa
- Réseau International Schistosomiase Environnement Aménagement et Lutte (RISEAL) Madagascar, Madagascar
| | | | - Luciano Andriamaro
- Réseau International Schistosomiase Environnement Aménagement et Lutte (RISEAL) Madagascar, Madagascar
| | | | - Jeanne Rasamy
- Réseau International Schistosomiase Environnement Aménagement et Lutte (RISEAL) Madagascar, Madagascar
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Tsilavina Ravelomanana
- Réseau International Schistosomiase Environnement Aménagement et Lutte (RISEAL) Madagascar, Madagascar
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Salohy Ravelotafita
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Ranaivosolo Ravo
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Peter Rabinowitz
- Department of Environmental/Occupational Health Sciences, Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for One Health Research (COHR), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Dept. of Oceans and of Earth System Science, Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Habib MR, Mohamed AH, Nassar AHA, Sheir SK. Bisphenol A effects on the host Biomphalaria alexandrina and its parasite Schistosoma mansoni. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97824-97841. [PMID: 37597145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most potent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that adversely affect aquatic organisms. The present investigation explored the effects of exposure to BPA at 0.1 and 1 mgL-1 concentrations on the fecundity of Biomphalaria alexandrina, snail's infection with Schistosoma mansoni, and histology of the ovotestis and topographical structure of S. mansoni cercariae emerged from exposed snails. The 24 h LC50 and LC90 values of BPA against B. alexandrina were 8.31 and 10.88 mgL-1 BPA, respectively. The exposure of snails to 0.1 or 1 mgL-1 BPA did not affect the snail's survival. However, these concentrations caused an increase in the reproductive rate (Ro) of infected snails. A slight decrease in egg production was observed in snails exposed to 0.1 mgL-1 BPA after being infected (infected then exposed). However, a significant increase in egg production was noted in snails exposed to 1 mgL-1 BPA after infection with S. mansoni. Histopathological investigations indicated a clear alteration in the ovotestis tissue structure of exposed and infected-exposed groups compared to the control snails. Chronic exposure to BPA caused pathological alterations in the gametogenic cells. SEM preparations of S. mansoni cercariae emerged from infected-exposed snails showed obvious body malformations. From a public health perspective, BPA pollution may negatively impact schistosomiasis transmission, as indicated by the disturbance in cercarial production and morphology. However, it has adverse effects on the reproduction and architecture of reproductive organs of exposed snails, indicating that B. alexandrina snails are sensitive to sublethal BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Habib
- Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Azza H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Sherin K Sheir
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Rohr JR, Sack A, Bakhoum S, Barrett CB, Lopez-Carr D, Chamberlin AJ, Civitello DJ, Diatta C, Doruska MJ, De Leo GA, Haggerty CJE, Jones IJ, Jouanard N, Lund AJ, Ly AT, Ndione RA, Remais JV, Riveau G, Schacht AM, Seck M, Senghor S, Sokolow SH, Wolfe C. A planetary health innovation for disease, food and water challenges in Africa. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06313-z. [PMID: 37438520 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Many communities in low- and middle-income countries globally lack sustainable, cost-effective and mutually beneficial solutions for infectious disease, food, water and poverty challenges, despite their inherent interdependence1-7. Here we provide support for the hypothesis that agricultural development and fertilizer use in West Africa increase the burden of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis by fuelling the growth of submerged aquatic vegetation that chokes out water access points and serves as habitat for freshwater snails that transmit Schistosoma parasites to more than 200 million people globally8-10. In a cluster randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03187366) in which we removed invasive submerged vegetation from water points at 8 of 16 villages (that is, clusters), control sites had 1.46 times higher intestinal Schistosoma infection rates in schoolchildren and lower open water access than removal sites. Vegetation removal did not have any detectable long-term adverse effects on local water quality or freshwater biodiversity. In feeding trials, the removed vegetation was as effective as traditional livestock feed but 41 to 179 times cheaper and converting the vegetation to compost provided private crop production and total (public health plus crop production benefits) benefit-to-cost ratios as high as 4.0 and 8.8, respectively. Thus, the approach yielded an economic incentive-with important public health co-benefits-to maintain cleared waterways and return nutrients captured in aquatic plants back to agriculture with promise of breaking poverty-disease traps. To facilitate targeting and scaling of the intervention, we lay the foundation for using remote sensing technology to detect snail habitats. By offering a rare, profitable, win-win approach to addressing food and water access, poverty alleviation, infectious disease control and environmental sustainability, we hope to inspire the interdisciplinary search for planetary health solutions11 to the many and formidable, co-dependent global grand challenges of the twenty-first century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Alexandra Sack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sidy Bakhoum
- Department of Animal Biology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Christopher B Barrett
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David Lopez-Carr
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Chamberlin
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Cledor Diatta
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Molly J Doruska
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Giulio A De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J E Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Isabel J Jones
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Station d'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Andrea J Lund
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amadou T Ly
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Raphael A Ndione
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Université Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunité of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schacht
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Momy Seck
- Station d'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Simon Senghor
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin Wolfe
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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9
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Douchet P, Gourbal B, Loker ES, Rey O. Schistosoma transmission: scaling-up competence from hosts to ecosystems. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:563-574. [PMID: 37120369 PMCID: PMC10880732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In a One-Health context, it is urgent to establish the links between environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and the circulation of pathogens. Here we review and literally draw a general vision of aquatic environmental factors that interface with Schistosoma species, agents of schistosomiasis, and ultimately modulate their transmission at the ecosystem scale. From this synthesis, we introduce the concept of ecosystem competence defined as 'the propensity of an ecosystem to amplify or mitigate an incoming quantity of a given pathogen that can be ultimately transmitted to their definitive hosts'. Ecosystem competence integrates all mechanisms at the ecosystem scale underlying the transmission risk of a given pathogen and offers a promising measure for operationalizing the One-Health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Douchet
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Parasite Division - Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Olivier Rey
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France.
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10
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Mereta ST, Abaya SW, Tulu FD, Takele K, Ahmednur M, Melka GA, Nanyingi M, Vineer HR, Graham-Brown J, Caminade C, Mor SM. Effects of Land-Use and Environmental Factors on Snail Distribution and Trematode Infection in Ethiopia. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030154. [PMID: 36977155 PMCID: PMC10053549 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts for several snail-borne diseases affecting humans and animals. Understanding the distribution of snail intermediate hosts and their infection status is very important to plan and implement effective disease prevention and control interventions. In this study, we determined the abundance, distribution, and trematode infection status of freshwater snails in two agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. We sampled snails from 13 observation sites and examined them for trematode infections using a natural cercarial shedding method. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to examine the relationship between snail abundance and environmental variables. Overall, a total of 615 snails belonging to three species were identified. Lymnea natalensis and Bulinus globosus were the dominant snail species, representing 41% and 40% of the total collection, respectively. About one-third of the total snail population (33%) shed cercariae. The cercariae species recorded were Xiphidiocercaria, Brevifurcate apharyngeate distome (BAD), Echinostome, and Fasciola. Snail species were found in high abundance in aquatic habitats located in the agricultural landscape. Therefore, land-use planning and protection of aquatic habitats from uncontrolled human activities and pollution can be considered as important strategies to prevent and control the spread of snail-borne diseases in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seid Tiku Mereta
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +251-913-296-056
| | - Samson Wakuma Abaya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Fikirte Demissie Tulu
- School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Takele
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Mahmud Ahmednur
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Alemu Melka
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Mark Nanyingi
- Department of Public and Global Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197-00100, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Hannah Rose Vineer
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - John Graham-Brown
- Liverpool Veterinary Parasitology Diagnostics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Cyril Caminade
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Earth System Physics Department, Leonardo Building, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Siobhan M. Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 5689, Ethiopia
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11
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Haggerty CJE, Delius BK, Jouanard N, Ndao PD, De Leo GA, Lund AJ, Lopez-Carr D, Remais JV, Riveau G, Sokolow SH, Rohr JR. Pyrethroid insecticides pose greater risk than organophosphate insecticides to biocontrol agents for human schistosomiasis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120952. [PMID: 36586553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Use of agrochemicals, including insecticides, is vital to food production and predicted to increase 2-5 fold by 2050. Previous studies have shown a positive association between agriculture and the human infectious disease schistosomiasis, which is problematic as this parasitic disease infects approximately 250 million people worldwide. Certain insecticides might runoff fields and be highly toxic to invertebrates, such as prawns in the genus Macrobrachium, that are biocontrol agents for snails that transmit the parasites causing schistosomiasis. We used a laboratory dose-response experiment and an observational field study to determine the relative toxicities of three pyrethroid (esfenvalerate, λ-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) and three organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, malathion, and terbufos) insecticides to Macrobrachium prawns. In the lab, pyrethroids were consistently several orders of magnitude more toxic than organophosphate insecticides, and more likely to runoff fields at lethal levels according to modeling data. At 31 water contact sites in the lower basin of the Senegal River where schistosomiasis is endemic, we found that Macrobrachium prawn survival was associated with pyrethroid but not organophosphate application rates to nearby crop fields after controlling for abiotic and prawn-level factors. Our laboratory and field results suggest that widely used pyrethroid insecticides can have strong non-target effects on Macrobrachium prawns that are biocontrol agents where 400 million people are at risk of human schistosomiasis. Understanding the ecotoxicology of high-risk insecticides may help improve human health in schistosomiasis-endemic regions undergoing agricultural expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J E Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Bryan K Delius
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour La Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Station D'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Pape D Ndao
- Station D'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Route de Ngallèle, BP 234, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Giulio A De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Lund
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Lopez-Carr
- Human-Environment Dynamics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour La Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal; University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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12
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Ratnadass A, Martin T. Crop protection practices and risks associated with infectious tropical parasitic diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153633. [PMID: 35124028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two recent literature reviews have shown that: i) agroecological crop protection (ACP) practices generally reduce risks of viral zoonoses, unlike conventional (agrochemical-based) practices which tend to increase them; ii) substitution-based crop protection (CP) practices (mainly biocontrol-based) could result in fewer health risks from bacterial infectious diseases. Here, we present an analysis of the scientific literature to determine to what extent the conclusions regarding viruses or bacteria can be extended to infectious diseases caused by protozoan or helminthic parasites. This analysis of cases of both vector-transmitted and water- or food-borne parasitic diseases, shows, in terms of reduction of health risks: i) an overall negative effect arising from the use of synthetic plant protection products; ii) the relevance of substitution CP practices not strictly under the ACP banner. On the other hand, the public and veterinary health issue of antiparasitic resistance is not affected by CP practices. The positive effects at the large spatio-temporal scales of ACP approaches remain valid, although to a slightly lesser extent than for bacterial diseases and viral zoonoses, in particular through biodiversity conservation which fosters natural regulations and control, preventing the undesirable effects of synthetic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Ratnadass
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-97455 Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France; HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Thibaud Martin
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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13
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Harjoe CC, Buck JC, Rohr JR, Roberts CE, Olson DH, Blaustein AR. Pathogenic fungus causes density‐ and trait‐mediated trophic cascades in an aquatic community. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. Harjoe
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Julia C. Buck
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington North Carolina USA
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, and Environmental Change Initiative Notre Dame Indiana USA
| | - Claire E. Roberts
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Deanna H. Olson
- Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Andrew R. Blaustein
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
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14
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Shah HA, Carrasco LR, Hamlet A, Murray KA. Exploring agricultural land-use and childhood malaria associations in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4124. [PMID: 35260722 PMCID: PMC8904834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in Africa is rapidly expanding but with this comes potential disbenefits for the environment and human health. Here, we retrospectively assess whether childhood malaria in sub-Saharan Africa varies across differing agricultural land uses after controlling for socio-economic and environmental confounders. Using a multi-model inference hierarchical modelling framework, we found that rainfed cropland was associated with increased malaria in rural (OR 1.10, CI 1.03-1.18) but not urban areas, while irrigated or post flooding cropland was associated with malaria in urban (OR 1.09, CI 1.00-1.18) but not rural areas. In contrast, although malaria was associated with complete forest cover (OR 1.35, CI 1.24-1.47), the presence of natural vegetation in agricultural lands potentially reduces the odds of malaria depending on rural-urban context. In contrast, no associations with malaria were observed for natural vegetation interspersed with cropland (veg-dominant mosaic). Agricultural expansion through rainfed or irrigated cropland may increase childhood malaria in rural or urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa but retaining some natural vegetation within croplands could help mitigate this risk and provide environmental co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Anil Shah
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment - Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arran Hamlet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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15
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Transmission potential of human schistosomes can be driven by resource competition among snail intermediate hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116512119. [PMID: 35121663 PMCID: PMC8833218 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116512119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting and disrupting transmission of human parasites from wildlife hosts or vectors remains challenging because ecological interactions can influence their epidemiological traits. Human schistosomes, parasitic flatworms that cycle between freshwater snails and humans, typify this challenge. Human exposure risk, given water contact, is driven by the production of free-living cercariae by snail populations. Conventional epidemiological models and management focus on the density of infected snails under the assumption that all snails are equally infectious. However, individual-level experiments contradict this assumption, showing increased production of schistosome cercariae with greater access to food resources. We built bioenergetics theory to predict how resource competition among snails drives the temporal dynamics of transmission potential to humans and tested these predictions with experimental epidemics and demonstrated consistency with field observations. This resource-explicit approach predicted an intense pulse of transmission potential when snail populations grow from low densities, i.e., when per capita access to resources is greatest, due to the resource-dependence of cercarial production. The experiment confirmed this prediction, identifying a strong effect of infected host size and the biomass of competitors on per capita cercarial production. A field survey of 109 waterbodies also found that per capita cercarial production decreased as competitor biomass increased. Further quantification of snail densities, sizes, cercarial production, and resources in diverse transmission sites is needed to assess the epidemiological importance of resource competition and support snail-based disruption of schistosome transmission. More broadly, this work illustrates how resource competition can sever the correspondence between infectious host density and transmission potential.
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16
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Rumschlag SL, Casamatta DA, Mahon MB, Hoverman JT, Raffel TR, Carrick HJ, Hudson PJ, Rohr JR. Pesticides alter ecosystem respiration via phytoplankton abundance and community structure: Effects on the carbon cycle? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1091-1102. [PMID: 34674353 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater systems are critical to life on earth, yet they are threatened by the increasing rate of synthetic chemical pollution. Current predictions of the effects of synthetic chemicals on freshwater ecosystems are hampered by the sheer number of chemical contaminants entering aquatic systems, the diversity of organisms inhabiting these systems, the myriad possible direct and indirect effects resulting from these combinations, and uncertainties concerning how contaminants might alter ecosystem metabolism via changes in biodiversity. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a mesocosm experiment that elucidated the responses of ponds composed of phytoplankton and zooplankton to standardized concentrations of 12 pesticides, nested within four pesticide classes, and two pesticide types. We show that the effects of the pesticides on algae were consistent within herbicides and insecticides and that responses of over 70 phytoplankton species and genera were consistent within broad taxonomic groups. Insecticides generated top-down effects on phytoplankton community composition and abundance, which were associated with persistent increases in ecosystem respiration. Insecticides had direct toxic effects on cladocerans, which led to competitive release of copepods. These changes in the zooplankton community led to a decrease in green algae and a modest increase in diatoms. Herbicides did not change phytoplankton composition but reduced total phytoplankton abundance. This reduction in phytoplankton led to short-term decreases in ecosystem respiration. Given that ponds release atmospheric carbon and that worldwide pesticide pollution continues to increase exponentially, scientists and policy makers should pay more attention to the ways pesticides alter the carbon cycle in ponds via changes in communities, as demonstrated by our results. Our results show that these predictions can be simplified by grouping pesticides into types and species into functional groups. Adopting this approach provides an opportunity to improve the efficiency of risk assessment and mitigation responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Dale A Casamatta
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael B Mahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas R Raffel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Hunter J Carrick
- Department of Biology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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17
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Desautels DJ, Hartman RB, Shaw KE, Maduraiveeran S, Civitello DJ. Divergent effects of invasive macrophytes on population dynamics of a snail intermediate host of Schistosoma Mansoni. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106226. [PMID: 34752781 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vectors and intermediate hosts of globally impactful human parasites are sensitive to changes in the ecological communities in which they are embedded. Sites of endemic transmission of human schistosome can also be invaded by nonnative species, especially aquatic plants (macrophytes). We tested the effects on macrophyte invasions on experiment snail and schistosome populations created in 100 L mesocosm tanks. We established macrophyte-free mesocosms and those containing one of four widespread macrophyte species that are inedible to snails (duckweed, hornwort, water lettuce, or water hyacinth) and then tracked edible resources (periphyton algae) and the abundance, reproduction, and infection of snail intermediate hosts for 16 weeks. We predicted that the three floating macrophytes would reduce periphyton, thereby reducing snail reproduction, abundance, and infections. In contrast, we predicted that hornwort, which is submerged and provides substrate for periphyton growth, would increase snail reproduction and abundance. As predicted, all floating macrophytes decreased periphyton, but only water hyacinth significantly decreased snail reproduction and abundance. Snail abundance increased significantly only with water lettuce. We hypothesize that this unanticipated increase in snails occurred because water lettuce produced abundant and/or high quality detritus, subsidizing snails despite low periphyton availability. Unfortunately, we detected too few infections to analyze. Aquatic macrophytes exert strong species-specific effects on snail populations. Therefore, efforts to manage invasive plants in endemic sites should evaluate changes in resources, snails, and transmission potential. We recommend caution with management efforts that produce large amounts of detritus, which might stimulate snail populations and therefore risk of human exposure.
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18
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Haggerty CJE, Halstead NT, Civitello DJ, Rohr JR. Reducing disease and producing food: Effects of 13 agrochemicals on snail biomass and human schistosomes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. E. Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Change Initiative Eck Institute of Global HealthUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | | | | | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Change Initiative Eck Institute of Global HealthUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
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19
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Kadaleka S, Abelman S, Tchuenche JM. A Human-Bovine Schistosomiasis Mathematical Model with Treatment and Mollusciciding. Acta Biotheor 2021; 69:511-541. [PMID: 34191204 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-021-09416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To mitigate the spread of schistosomiasis, a deterministic human-bovine mathematical model of its transmission dynamics accounting for contaminated water reservoirs, including treatment of bovines and humans and mollusciciding is formulated and theoretically analyzed. The disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text], while global stability of the endemic equilibrium is investigated by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. To support the analytical results, parameter values from published literature are used for numerical simulations and where applicable, uncertainty analysis on the non-dimensional system parameters is performed using the Latin Hypercube Sampling and Partial Rank Correlation Coefficient techniques. Sensitivity analysis to determine the relative importance of model parameters to disease transmission shows that the environment-related parameters namely, [Formula: see text] (snails shedding rate of cercariae), [Formula: see text] (probability that cercariae shed by snails survive), c (fraction of the contaminated environment sprayed by molluscicides) and [Formula: see text] (mortality rate of cercariae) are the most significant to mitigate the spread of schistosomiasis. Mollusciciding, which directly impacts the contaminated environment as a single control strategy is more effective compared to treatment. However, concurrently applying mollusciciding and treatment will yield a better outcome.
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20
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Richards RL, Drake JM, Ezenwa VO. Do predators keep prey healthy or make them sicker? A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:278-294. [PMID: 34738700 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ecological theory suggests that predators can either keep prey populations healthy by reducing parasite burdens or alternatively, increase parasitism in prey. To quantify the overall magnitude and direction of the effect of predation on parasitism in prey observed in practice, we conducted a meta-analysis of 47 empirical studies. We also examined how study attributes, including parasite type and life cycle, habitat type, study design, and whether predators were able to directly consume prey contributed to variation in the predator-prey-parasite interaction. We found that the overall effect of predation on parasitism differed between parasites and parasitoids and that whether consumptive effects were present, and whether a predator was a non-host spreader of parasites, were the most important traits predicting the parasite response. Our results suggest that the mechanistic basis of predator-prey interactions strongly influences the effects of predators on parasites and that these effects, although context dependent, are predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Richards
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - John M Drake
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Vanessa O Ezenwa
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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21
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Cai L, Yue P, Ghosh M, Li X. Assessing the impact of agrochemicals on schistosomiasis transmission: A mathematical study. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease, which is affecting almost 240 million people worldwide. The number of humans affected by schistosomiasis is continuously increasing with the rise in the use of agrochemicals. In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated and analyzed to assess the effect of agrochemicals on the transmission of schistosomiasis. The proposed model incorporates the effects of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides on susceptible snails and snail predators along with schistosomiasis disease transmission. The existence and stability of the equilibria in the model are discussed. Sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the key parameters of the proposed model, which contributes most in the transmission of this disease. Numerical simulations are also performed to assess the impact of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides on schistosomiasis outbreaks. Our study reveals that the agricultural pollution can enhance the transmission intensity of schistosomiasis, and in order to prevent the outbreak of schistosomiasis, the use of pesticides should be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Cai
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Peixia Yue
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Mini Ghosh
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai 600127, India
| | - Xuezhi Li
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
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Schols R, Carolus H, Hammoud C, Muzarabani KC, Barson M, Huyse T. Invasive snails, parasite spillback, and potential parasite spillover drive parasitic diseases of Hippopotamus amphibius in artificial lakes of Zimbabwe. BMC Biol 2021; 19:160. [PMID: 34412627 PMCID: PMC8377832 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans impose a significant pressure on large herbivore populations, such as hippopotami, through hunting, poaching, and habitat destruction. Anthropogenic pressures can also occur indirectly, such as artificial lake creation and the subsequent introduction of invasive species that alter the ecosystem. These events can lead to drastic changes in parasite diversity and transmission, but generally receive little scientific attention. Results In order to document and identify trematode parasites of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in artificial water systems of Zimbabwe, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular diagnostics and morphometrics on archived and new samples. In doing so, we provide DNA reference sequences of the hippopotamus liver fluke Fasciola nyanzae, enabling us to construct the first complete Fasciola phylogeny. We describe parasite spillback of F. nyanzae by the invasive freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella, as a consequence of a cascade of biological invasions in Lake Kariba, one of the biggest artificial lakes in the world. Additionally, we report an unknown stomach fluke of the hippopotamus transmitted by the non-endemic snail Radix aff. plicatula, an Asian snail species that has not been found in Africa before, and the stomach fluke Carmyerius cruciformis transmitted by the native snail Bulinus truncatus. Finally, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and two Bulinus species were found as new snail hosts for the poorly documented hippopotamus blood fluke Schistosoma edwardiense. Conclusions Our findings indicate that artificial lakes are breeding grounds for endemic and non-endemic snails that transmit trematode parasites of the common hippopotamus. This has important implications, as existing research links trematode parasite infections combined with other stressors to declining wild herbivore populations. Therefore, we argue that monitoring the anthropogenic impact on parasite transmission should become an integral part of wildlife conservation efforts. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01093-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Schols
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Carolus
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven-VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril Hammoud
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.,Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Lake Kariba Research Station, University of Zimbabwe, Kariba, Zimbabwe
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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Civitello DJ, Hartman RB. Size-asymmetric competition among snails disrupts production of human-infectious Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Ecology 2021; 102:e03383. [PMID: 33950517 PMCID: PMC8249335 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can harm hosts and influence populations, communities, and ecosystems. However, parasites are reciprocally affected by population- and community-level dynamics. Understanding feedbacks between infection dynamics and larger-scale epidemiological and ecological processes could improve predictions and reveal novel control methods. We evaluated how exploitative resource competition among hosts, a fundamental aspect of population biology, influences within-host infection dynamics of the widespread human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in its intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata. We added size-dependent consumption of shared resources to a parameterized bioenergetics model to predict a priori the growth, parasite production, and survival of an infected focal host coexisting with an uninfected conspecific competitor in an experiment that varied competitor size. The model quantitatively anticipated that competitors disrupt growth and parasite production and that these effects increase with competitor size. Fitting the model to these data improved its match to host survivorship. Thus, resource competition alters infection dynamics, there are strong size asymmetries in these effects, and size-asymmetric resource competition effects on infection dynamics can be accurately predicted by bioenergetics theory. More broadly, this framework can assess parasite transmission and control in other contexts, such as in resource competitive host communities, or in response to eutrophication, food supplementation, or culling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Civitello
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rachel B. Hartman
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Rohr JR. The Atrazine Saga and its Importance to the Future of Toxicology, Science, and Environmental and Human Health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1544-1558. [PMID: 33999476 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly used, well studied, and controversial pesticides on the planet. Much of the controversy involves the effects of atrazine on wildlife, particularly amphibians, and the ethically questionable decision making of members of industry, government, the legal system, and institutions of higher education, in most cases in an effort to "bend science," defined as manipulating research to advance economic, political, or ideological ends. In this Critical Perspective I provide a timeline of the most salient events in the history of the atrazine saga, which includes a multimillion-dollar smear campaign, lawsuits, investigative reporting, accusation of impropriety against the US Environmental Protection Agency, and a multibillion-dollar transaction. I argue that the atrazine controversy must be more than just a true story of cover-ups, bias, and vengeance. It must be used as an example of how manufacturing uncertainty and bending science can be exploited to delay undesired regulatory decisions and how greed and conflicts of interest-situations where personal or organizational considerations have compromised or biased professional judgment and objectivity-can affect environmental and public health and erode trust in the discipline of toxicology, science in general, and the honorable functioning of societies. Most importantly, I offer several recommendations that should help to 1) prevent the history of atrazine from repeating itself, 2) enhance the credibility and integrity of science, and 3) enrich human and environmental health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1544-1558. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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25
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Screening and identification of abiotic stress-responsive efficient antifungal Pseudomonas spp. from rice rhizospheric soil. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2021; 102:5-19. [PMID: 36605708 PMCID: PMC9642915 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2021.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a collection of microorganisms often used to support and promote plant development and combat plant infectious diseases with various biological control methods. The most significant restricting factors for agricultural productivity worldwide are abiotic constraints. In the present study, seven bacterial isolates from the rice rhizosphere were selected for detailed tests based on results obtained in experiments determining the ACC deaminase synthesis and drought tolerance at -0.30 MPa PEG level. Screening results of the stress tolerance analysis of the seven isolates for elevated temperature (50°C), alkalinity (10% NaCl), and drought (-1.2 MPa) showed that abiotic stress resistance was less prevalent in DRO2, DRO13, and DRO43 isolates than in DRO17, DRO28, DRO35, and DRO51 isolates. During the study, it was observed that DRO17, DRO28, and DRO51 tended to maintain similar cell density at -0.73 MPa PEG level, as observed at -0.30 MPa stress condition. No bacterial growth was observed at higher PEG level (-1.12 MPa) for any bacterial isolate. Four strains of Pseudomonas (DRO17, DRO28, DRO35, and DRO51) exhibited salinity and temperature tolerance. Antifungal screening using the bangle method showed that DRO35 was highly antagonistic towards Rhizoctonia solani 4633, followed by Fusarium moniliforme 4223, with an inhibition of 64.3% and 48%, respectively. The DRO28 isolate exhibited 72.5% growth inhibition for Fusarium moniliforme 4223, while the DRO51 isolate showed 38.2% growth inhibition for Bipolaris hawaiiensis 2445. DRO17 reduced the growth of Rhizoctonia solani 4633, and Curvularia lunata 350 by 36% and 31%, respectively. In conclusion, the screening of bacterial strains with promising stress tolerance and antifungal characteristics could support farmers to achieve the required positive outcomes in the agriculture field.
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Interventions can shift the thermal optimum for parasitic disease transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017537118. [PMID: 33836584 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017537118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature constrains the transmission of many pathogens. Interventions that target temperature-sensitive life stages, such as vector control measures that kill intermediate hosts, could shift the thermal optimum of transmission, thereby altering seasonal disease dynamics and rendering interventions less effective at certain times of the year and with global climate change. To test these hypotheses, we integrated an epidemiological model of schistosomiasis with empirically determined temperature-dependent traits of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate snail host (Biomphalaria spp.). We show that transmission risk peaks at 21.7 °C (T opt ), and simulated interventions targeting snails and free-living parasite larvae increased T opt by up to 1.3 °C because intervention-related mortality overrode thermal constraints on transmission. This T opt shift suggests that snail control is more effective at lower temperatures, and global climate change will increase schistosomiasis risk in regions that move closer to T opt Considering regional transmission phenologies and timing of interventions when local conditions approach T opt will maximize human health outcomes.
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27
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Habib MR, Lv S, Rollinson D, Zhou XN. Invasion and Dispersal of Biomphalaria Species: Increased Vigilance Needed to Prevent the Introduction and Spread of Schistosomiasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:614797. [PMID: 33644096 PMCID: PMC7902764 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.614797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological invasion is a matter of great concern from both public health and biodiversity perspectives. Some invasive snail species may trigger disease emergence by acting as intermediate hosts. The geographic distribution of Schistosoma mansoni depends on the presence of susceptible species of Biomphalaria freshwater snails that support the parasite's transformation into infective stages. Biomphalaria spp. have shown strong local and global dispersal capacities that may increase due to the global warming phenomenon and increases in the development of agricultural and water projects. Should intermediate hosts become established in new areas then this will create potential transmission foci. Examples of snail invasions that have had an impact on schistosomiasis transmission include the introduction of Biomphalaria tenagophila to Congo and B. glabrata to Egypt. The current spread of B. straminea in China is causing concern and needs to be monitored closely. An understanding of the mode of invasion and distribution of these snails as well as their experimental susceptibility to S. mansoni will predict the potential spread of schistosomiasis. Here we review the invasion patterns of Biomphalaria snails and factors that control their distribution and the impact that invasion may have on intestinal schistosomiasis transmission. In addition, we propose some possible surveillance responses for optimum control strategies and interventions. Whenever possible, swift action should be taken to contain any new occurrence of these intermediate snail hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R. Habib
- Medical Malacology Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David Rollinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- WHO Collaborating Center on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Abstract
Dams enable the production of food and renewable energy, making them a crucial tool for both economic development and climate change adaptation in low- and middle-income countries. However, dams may also disrupt traditional livelihood systems and increase the transmission of vector- and water-borne pathogens. These livelihood and health impacts diminish the benefits of dams to rural populations dependent on rivers, as hydrological and ecological alterations change flood regimes, reduce nutrient transport and lead to the loss of biodiversity. We propose four agricultural innovations for promoting equity, health, sustainable development, and climate resilience in dammed watersheds: (1) restoring migratory aquatic species, (2) removing submerged vegetation and transforming it into an agricultural resource, (3) restoring environmental flows and (4) integrating agriculture and aquaculture. As investment in dams accelerates in low- and middle-income countries, appropriately addressing their livelihood and health impacts can improve the sustainability of modern agriculture and economic development in a changing climate.
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29
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Rani L, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S, Grewal AS, Srivastav AL, Kaushal J. An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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31
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Malishev M, Civitello DJ. Modelling how resource competition among snail hosts affects the mollusciciding frequency and intensity needed to control human schistosomes. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Garate OF, Gazzaniga S, Cochón AC. A comparative study of enzymatic and immunological parameters in Planorbarius corneus and Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105544. [PMID: 32569998 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of chlorpyrifos on biomarkers related to neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity in two allopatric freshwater gastropod species belonging to the family Planorbidae. For this purpose, Planorbarius corneus and Biomphalaria glabrata were exposed to chlorpyrifos (active ingredient or commercial formulation) for 48 h at environmentally realistic concentrations (1 and 7.5 μg L-1). Basal acetylcholinesterase activity in soft tissues and hemolymph was almost one order of magnitude higher in P. corneus than in B. glabrata. However, upon chlorpyrifos exposure, statistically significant inhibition of enzymatic activity was registered in both species. Acetylcholinesterase was more sensitive to inhibition in soft tissues than in hemolymph. The highest inhibition was observed in the B. glabrata soft tissues exposed to the commercial formulation (88 % at 1 μg L-1 and 93 % at 7.5 μg L-1). Hemocyte number and lysosomal membrane stability did not show significant changes with respect to controls in any of the exposed groups. Superoxide anion generation was diminished (21-46 %) in P. corneus hemocytes exposed to the active ingredient and in B. glabrata hemocytes exposed to the active ingredient or the formulation. In contrast, hemocyte phagocytic activity increased in all exposed groups. Phagocytosis was most stimulated (89 %) in hemocytes sampled from B. glabrata treated with 7.5 μg L-1 chlorpyrifos. Altogether the results suggest that the freshwater gastropods P. corneus and B. glabrata are suitable model animals for environmental monitoring studies in the Northern Hemisphere and Latin America, respectively. Furthermore, these results add information on the relevance of testing pesticide formulations and on the usefulness of acetylcholinesterase inhibition and immunological parameters as biomarkers of the acute effects of chlorpyrifos in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio F Garate
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gazzaniga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana C Cochón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Haggerty CJE, Bakhoum S, Civitello DJ, De Leo GA, Jouanard N, Ndione RA, Remais JV, Riveau G, Senghor S, Sokolow SH, Sow S, Wolfe C, Wood CL, Jones I, Chamberlin AJ, Rohr JR. Aquatic macrophytes and macroinvertebrate predators affect densities of snail hosts and local production of schistosome cercariae that cause human schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008417. [PMID: 32628666 PMCID: PMC7365472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is responsible for the second highest burden of disease among neglected tropical diseases globally, with over 90 percent of cases occurring in African regions where drugs to treat the disease are only sporadically available. Additionally, human re-infection after treatment can be a problem where there are high numbers of infected snails in the environment. Recent experiments indicate that aquatic factors, including plants, nutrients, or predators, can influence snail abundance and parasite production within infected snails, both components of human risk. This study investigated how snail host abundance and release of cercariae (the free swimming stage infective to humans) varies at water access sites in an endemic region in Senegal, a setting where human schistosomiasis prevalence is among the highest globally. Methods/Principal findings We collected snail intermediate hosts at 15 random points stratified by three habitat types at 36 water access sites, and counted cercarial production by each snail after transfer to the laboratory on the same day. We found that aquatic vegetation was positively associated with per-capita cercarial release by snails, probably because macrophytes harbor periphyton resources that snails feed upon, and well-fed snails tend to produce more parasites. In contrast, the abundance of aquatic macroinvertebrate snail predators was negatively associated with per-capita cercarial release by snails, probably because of several potential sublethal effects on snails or snail infection, despite a positive association between snail predators and total snail numbers at a site, possibly due to shared habitat usage or prey tracking by the predators. Thus, complex bottom-up and top-down ecological effects in this region plausibly influence the snail shedding rate and thus, total local density of schistosome cercariae. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that aquatic macrophytes and snail predators can influence per-capita cercarial production and total abundance of snails. Thus, snail control efforts might benefit by targeting specific snail habitats where parasite production is greatest. In conclusion, a better understanding of top-down and bottom-up ecological factors that regulate densities of cercarial release by snails, rather than solely snail densities or snail infection prevalence, might facilitate improved schistosomiasis control. Over 800 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis and environmental factors that regulate densities of cercariae parasites that infect humans remain poorly understood. We sampled a spatially extensive area at 36 water-access points in northern Senegal, and quantified densities of snail intermediate hosts, snail predators, and aquatic vegetation in each sample, as well as cercariae released from snails after they were brought to the laboratory. We found that the quantity of submerged aquatic vegetation, particularly Ceratophyllum spp., was positively associated with schistosome cercariae released per infected snail, and total potential cercariae released by the collected snails per water access site. In contrast, the abundance of aquatic predators near infected snails (in the same sweep) was negatively associated with the per-capita cercarial release by infected snails, but positively associated with total snail abundance per site. Additionally, snail densities and potential cercarial densities (estimated as the sum of cercariae released by all collected, infected snails at a site) were only weakly correlated, suggesting that snail densities alone might not accurately reflect total potential of those snails to emit schistosome cercariae. Overall, a better understanding of aquatic factors that can influence the production of schistosome cercariae under field conditions, rather than snail host abundance alone, might facilitate improvements in schistosomiasis monitoring and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. E. Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - David J. Civitello
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Station d'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Raphael A. Ndione
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur de Lille—CIIL, France
| | - Simon Senghor
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Souleymane Sow
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Caitlin Wolfe
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Isabel Jones
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Chamberlin
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Hoover CM, Sokolow SH, Kemp J, Sanchirico JN, Lund AJ, Jones IJ, Higginson T, Riveau G, Savaya A, Coyle S, Wood CL, Micheli F, Casagrandi R, Mari L, Gatto M, Rinaldo A, Perez-Saez J, Rohr JR, Sagi A, Remais JV, De Leo GA. Modelled effects of prawn aquaculture on poverty alleviation and schistosomiasis control. NATURE SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 2:611-620. [PMID: 33313425 PMCID: PMC7731924 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that snail predators may aid efforts to control the human parasitic disease schistosomiasis by eating aquatic snail species that serve as intermediate hosts of the parasite. Potential synergies between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture of giant prawns are evaluated using an integrated bio-economic-epidemiologic model. Combinations of stocking density and aquaculture cycle length that maximize cumulative, discounted profit are identified for two prawn species in sub-Saharan Africa: the endemic, non-domesticated Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, and the non-native, domesticated Macrobrachium rosenbergii. At profit maximizing densities, both M. rosenbergii and M. vollenhovenii may substantially reduce intermediate host snail populations and aid schistosomiasis control efforts. Control strategies drawing on both prawn aquaculture to reduce intermediate host snail populations and mass drug administration to treat infected individuals are found to be superior to either strategy alone. Integrated aquaculture-based interventions can be a win-win strategy in terms of health and sustainable development in schistosomiasis endemic regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Hoover
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jonas Kemp
- Program in Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - James N. Sanchirico
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Andrea J. Lund
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Isabel J. Jones
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
| | - Tyler Higginson
- Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Monterey, CA 93940 USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Biomedical Research Center EPLS, Saint Louis, Senegal
| | - Amit Savaya
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shawn Coyle
- Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Division, Aquaculture Research Center, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
| | - Renato Casagrandi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marino Gatto
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldo
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative University of Notre Damea, Notre Dame, IN, 46556 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620 USA
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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Allan F, Ame SM, Tian-Bi YNT, Hofkin BV, Webster BL, Diakité NR, N’Goran EK, Kabole F, Khamis IS, Gouvras AN, Emery AM, Pennance T, Rabone M, Kinung’hi S, Hamidou AA, Mkoji GM, McLaughlin JP, Kuris AM, Loker ES, Knopp S, Rollinson D. Snail-Related Contributions from the Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation Program Including Xenomonitoring, Focal Mollusciciding, Biological Control, and Modeling. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:66-79. [PMID: 32400353 PMCID: PMC7351297 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) was created in 2008 to answer questions of importance to program managers working to reduce the burden of schistosomiasis in Africa. In the past, intermediate host snail monitoring and control was an important part of integrated schistosomiasis control. However, in Africa, efforts to control snails have declined dramatically over the last 30 years. A resurgence of interest in the control of snails has been prompted by the realization, backed by a World Health Assembly resolution (WHA65.21), that mass drug administration alone may be insufficient to achieve schistosomiasis elimination. SCORE has supported work on snail identification and mapping and investigated how xenomonitoring techniques can aid in the identification of infected snails and thereby identify potential transmission areas. Focal mollusciciding with niclosamide was undertaken in Zanzibar and Côte d'Ivoire as a part of elimination studies. Two studies involving biological control of snails were conducted: one explored the association of freshwater riverine prawns and snail hosts in Côte d'Ivoire and the other assessed the current distribution of Procambarus clarkii, the invasive Louisiana red swamp crayfish, in Kenya and its association with snail hosts and schistosomiasis transmission. SCORE also supported modeling studies on the importance of snail control in achieving elimination and a meta-analysis of the impact of molluscicide-based snail control programs on human schistosomiasis prevalence and incidence. SCORE's snail control studies contributed to increased investment in building capacity, and specimens collected during SCORE research deposited in the Schistosomiasis Collections at the Natural History Museum (SCAN) will provide a valuable resource for the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Allan
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaali M. Ame
- Public Health Laboratory - Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Yves-Nathan T. Tian-Bi
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Bruce V. Hofkin
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Bonnie L. Webster
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nana R. Diakité
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Eliezer K. N’Goran
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Fatma Kabole
- Neglected Tropical Disease Unit, Unguja, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Iddi S. Khamis
- Neglected Tropical Disease Unit, Unguja, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Anouk N. Gouvras
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan M. Emery
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Pennance
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Muriel Rabone
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Safari Kinung’hi
- National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) Mwanza Centre, Mwanza, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Amina Amadou Hamidou
- Réseau International Schistosomoses, Environnement, Aménagement et Lutte (RISEAL-Niger), Niamey, Niger
| | - Gerald M. Mkoji
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John P. McLaughlin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Armand M. Kuris
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Stefanie Knopp
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Rollinson
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
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Jones DK, Davila DD, Nguyen KH, Rohr JR. Effect of Agrochemical Exposure on Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae Survival and Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1421-1428. [PMID: 32335939 PMCID: PMC8569529 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Singular use of activity assays or staining dyes to assess pathogen agrochemical tolerance can underestimate tolerance if pesticides cause sublethal effects. We exposed Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the aquatic life stage of this trematode that infects humans, to 4 insecticides at 5 concentrations using a 24-h time-to-death assay. We used Trypan blue dye, which stains dead tissue, and activity assays simultaneously to discriminate dead from live but paralyzed individuals. Whereas cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and dimethoate exposure did not affect cercariae at any ecologically relevant concentrations, methamidophos exposure increased survival of cercariae compared with those in the controls. This was because methamidophos-induced paralysis reduced cercarial activity and thus energy expenditures, extending the lifespan of this short-lived parasite that causes human schistosomiasis. These findings highlight that sublethal effects should be considered when pesticide effects on disease are under investigation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1421-1428. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin K. Jones
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - David D. Davila
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Karena H. Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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37
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Hoover CM, Rumschlag SL, Strgar L, Arakala A, Gambhir M, de Leo GA, Sokolow SH, Rohr JR, Remais JV. Effects of agrochemical pollution on schistosomiasis transmission: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e280-e291. [PMID: 32681899 PMCID: PMC7754781 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrochemical pollution of surface waters is a growing global environmental challenge, especially in areas where agriculture is rapidly expanding and intensifying. Agrochemicals might affect schistosomiasis transmission through direct and indirect effects on Schistosoma parasites, their intermediate snail hosts, snail predators, and snail algal resources. We aimed to review and summarise the effects of these agrochemicals on schistosomiasis transmission dynamics. METHODS We did a systematic review of agrochemical effects on the lifecycle of Schistosoma spp and fitted dose-response models to data regarding the association between components of the lifecycle and agrochemical concentrations. We incorporated these dose-response functions and environmentally relevant concentrations of agrochemicals into a mathematical model to estimate agrochemical effects on schistosomiasis transmission. Dose-response functions were used to estimate individual agrochemical effects on estimates of the agrochemically influenced basic reproduction number, R0, for Schistosoma haematobium. We incorporated time series of environmentally relevant agrochemical concentrations into the model and simulated mass drug administration control efforts in the presence of agrochemicals. FINDINGS We derived 120 dose-response functions describing the effects of agrochemicals on schistosome lifecycle components. The median estimate of the basic reproduction number under agrochemical-free conditions, was 1·65 (IQR 1·47-1·79). Agrochemical effects on estimates of R0 for S haematobium ranged from a median three-times increase (R0 5·05, IQR 4·06-5·97) to transmission elimination (R0 0). Simulations of transmission dynamics subject to interacting annual mass drug administration and agrochemical pollution yielded a median estimate of 64·82 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost per 100 000 people per year (IQR 62·52-67·68) attributable to atrazine use. In areas where aquatic arthropod predators of intermediate host snails suppress transmission, the insecticides chlorpyrifos (6·82 DALYs lost per 100 000 people per year, IQR 4·13-8·69) and profenofos (103·06 DALYs lost per 100 000 people per year, IQR 89·63-104·90) might also increase the disability burden through their toxic effects on arthropods. INTERPRETATION Expected environmental concentrations of agrochemicals alter schistosomiasis transmission through direct and indirect effects on intermediate host and parasite densities. As industrial agricultural practices expand in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, strategies to prevent increases in transmission due to agrochemical pollution should be developed and pursued. FUNDING National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hoover
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Luke Strgar
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arathi Arakala
- Discipline of Mathematics, School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Giulio A de Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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How Much Is the Eco-Efficiency of Agricultural Production in West China? Evidence from the Village Level Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114049. [PMID: 32517143 PMCID: PMC7311960 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the eco-efficiency of agriculture in Pupiao Town, in the Yunnan province of China, through micro-level research. The term "eco-efficiency" refers to the efficiency with which ecological resources are used to meet human needs. Interviews and field research were conducted to collect the data of the 23 villages from 2016 to 2018. The Data Envelopment Analysis model (DEA) was used for data analysis. The results were as follows: (1) The eco-efficiency scores of Pupiao Town had considerable spatial heterogeneity, exhibiting a general trend of higher in the middle and lower in the east and west, which suggested eco-efficiency may be correlated with topography and transportation. (2) The value of eco-efficiency for the entire town had considerable areas for improvement and showed a slow-growth trend. (3) Fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural diesel, agricultural carbon emission, and non-point source pollution had a significant impact on eco-efficiency, followed by agricultural labor and arable land. (4) Agricultural chemicals were primary determinants affecting eco-efficiency. Most of the factors had a stronger effect on the eastern and western regions. The study suggests that transportation should be improved to promote the conveyance of market information and the application of more efficient and productive farm methods. The most important way is to improve effective utilization and to reduce the amount of agricultural chemicals. In addition, it is necessary to offer technical training and help to support farmers in upgrading their farm operations.
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Malishev M, Civitello DJ. Linking Bioenergetics and Parasite Transmission Models Suggests Mismatch Between Snail Host Density and Production of Human Schistosomes. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:1243-1252. [PMID: 31120514 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of parasite infection for individual hosts depend on key features of host-parasite ecology underpinning parasite growth and immune defense, such as age, sex, resource supply, and environmental stressors. Scaling these features and their underlying mechanisms from the individual host is challenging but necessary, as they shape parasite transmission at the population level. Translating individual-level mechanisms across scales could inherently improve the way we think about feedbacks among parasitism, the mechanisms driving transmission, and the consequences of human impact and disease control efforts. Here, we use individual-based models (IBMs) based on general metabolic theory, Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, to scale explicit life-history features of individual hosts, such as growth, reproduction, parasite production, and death, to parasite transmission at the population level over a range of resource supplies focusing on the major human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, and its intermediate host snail, Biomphalaria glabrata. At the individual level, infected hosts produce fewer parasites at lower resources as competition increases. At the population level, our DEB-IBM predicts brief, but intense parasite peaks early during the host growth season when resources are abundant and infected hosts are few. The timing of these peaks challenges the status quo that high densities of infected hosts produce the highest parasite densities. As expected, high resource supply boosts parasite output, but parasite output also peaks at modest to high host background mortality rates, which parallels overcompensation in stage-structured models. Our combined results reveal the crucial role of individual-level physiology in identifying how environmental conditions, time of the year, and key feedbacks within host-parasite ecology interact to define periods of elevated risk. The testable forecasts from this physiologically-explicit epidemiological model can inform disease management to reduce human risk of schistosome infection.
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40
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Becker JM, Ganatra AA, Kandie F, Mühlbauer L, Ahlheim J, Brack W, Torto B, Agola EL, McOdimba F, Hollert H, Fillinger U, Liess M. Pesticide pollution in freshwater paves the way for schistosomiasis transmission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3650. [PMID: 32107456 PMCID: PMC7046736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a severe neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes and transmitted by freshwater snails. Snails are known to be highly tolerant to agricultural pesticides. However, little attention has been paid to the ecological consequences of pesticide pollution in areas endemic for schistosomiasis, where people live in close contact with non-sanitized freshwaters. In complementary laboratory and field studies on Kenyan inland areas along Lake Victoria, we show that pesticide pollution is a major driver in increasing the occurrence of host snails and thus the risk of schistosomiasis transmission. In the laboratory, snails showed higher insecticide tolerance to commonly found pesticides than associated invertebrates, in particular to the neonicotinoid Imidacloprid and the organophosphate Diazinon. In the field, we demonstrated at 48 sites that snails were present exclusively in habitats characterized by pesticide pollution and eutrophication. Our analysis revealed that insensitive snails dominated over their less tolerant competitors. The study shows for the first time that in the field, pesticide concentrations considered “safe” in environmental risk assessment have indirect effects on human health. Thus we conclude there is a need for rethinking the environmental risk of low pesticide concentrations and of integrating agricultural mitigation measures in the control of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias M Becker
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Akbar A Ganatra
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health department, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Egerton University, Biological sciences, P.O Box 536-20115, Njoro, Kenya.
| | - Faith Kandie
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health department, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lina Mühlbauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,Ruprecht-Karl-University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Biosciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Ahlheim
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health department, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric L Agola
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,The Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis McOdimba
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health department, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Egerton University, Biological sciences, P.O Box 536-20115, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Ulrike Fillinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health department, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Matthias Liess
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany. .,RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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41
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Influences of Land-Use Dynamics and Surface Water Systems Interactions on Water-Related Infectious Diseases—A Systematic Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human interactions with surface water systems, through land-use dynamics, can influence the transmission of infectious water-related diseases. As a result, the aim of our study was to explore and examine the state of scientific evidence on the influences of these interactions on water-related infectious disease outcomes from a global perspective. A systematic review was conducted, using 54 peer-reviewed research articles published between 1995 and August 2019. The study revealed that there has been an increase in the number of publications since 2009; however, few of these publications (n = 6) made explicit linkages to the topic. It was found that urban and agricultural land-use changes had relatively high adverse impacts on water quality, due to high concentrations of fecal matter, heavy metals, and nutrients in surface water systems. Water systems were found as the common “vehicle” for infectious disease transmission, which in turn had linkages to sanitation and hygiene conditions. The study found explicit linkages between human–surface water interaction patterns and the transmission of water-based disease. However, weak and complex linkages were found between land-use change and the transmission of water-borne disease, due to multiple pathways and the dynamics of the other determinants of the disease. Therefore, further research studies, using interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to investigate and enhance a deeper understanding of these complexities and linkages among land use, surface water quality, and water-related infectious diseases, is crucial in developing integrated measures for sustainable water quality monitoring and diseases prevention.
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42
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Direct onshore wind predicts daily swimmer's itch (avian schistosome) incidence at a Michigan beach. Parasitology 2020; 147:431-440. [PMID: 31965949 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Swimmer's itch (SI) is a painful rash caused by skin penetration by free-swimming infectious cercariae of avian schistosomes, snail-borne helminth parasites related to the causative agents of human schistosomiasis. The goal of this study was to determine if commonly collected environmental data could be used to predict daily fluctuations in SI incidence at an inland beach in northwestern Michigan. Lifeguards collected daily data over four summers, including the number of self-reported SI cases, total swimmers, water temperature, wind speed and wind direction. Mixed-effects binomial regression revealed that wind direction, wind speed and time of day were the best predictors of daily SI risk. Swimmers entering the water in the morning or on days with direct onshore wind perpendicular to the shoreline had the greatest SI risk. However, there was a negative effect of wind speed after accounting for direction, where SI risk was greatest on days with a gentle breeze originating directly offshore. These results suggest that at this beach, direct onshore winds generate a surface-water current that causes SI cercariae to aggregate in the shallow waters used by swimmers. Data are needed from additional sites to confirm whether the onshore wind is a generally important driver of SI incidence.
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43
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Civitello DJ, Baker LH, Maduraiveeran S, Hartman RB. Resource fluctuations inhibit the reproduction and virulence of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni in its snail intermediate host. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192446. [PMID: 31964301 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource availability can powerfully influence host-parasite interactions. However, we currently lack a mechanistic framework to predict how resource fluctuations alter individual infection dynamics. We address this gap with experiments manipulating resource supply and starvation for a human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, and its snail intermediate host to test a hypothesis derived from mechanistic energy budget theory: resource fluctuations should reduce schistosome reproduction and virulence by inhibiting parasite ingestion of host biomass. Low resource supply caused hosts to remain small, reproduce less and produce fewer human-infectious cercariae. Periodic starvation also inhibited cercarial production and prevented infection-induced castration. The periodic starvation experiment also revealed substantial differences in fit between two bioenergetic model variants, which differ in their representation of host starvation. Simulations using the best-fit parameters of the winning model suggest that schistosome performance substantially declines with resource fluctuations with periods greater than 7 days. These experiments strengthen mechanistic theory, which can be readily scaled up to the population level to understand key feedbacks between resources, host population dynamics, parasitism and control interventions. Integrating resources with other environmental drivers of disease in an explicit bioenergetic framework could ultimately yield mechanistic predictions for many disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Civitello
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lucy H Baker
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Rachel B Hartman
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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44
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Jin PY, Sun JT, Hoffmann A, Guo YF, Zhou JC, Zhu YX, Chen L, Hong XY. Phylogenetic signals in pest abundance and distribution range of spider mites. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:223. [PMID: 31805865 PMCID: PMC6896397 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attributes of pest species like host range are frequently reported as being evolutionarily constrained and showing phylogenetic signal. Because these attributes in turn could influence the abundance and impact of species, phylogenetic information could be useful in predicting the likely status of pests. In this study, we used regional (China) and global datasets to investigate phylogenetic patterns in occurrence patterns and host ranges of spider mites, which constitute a pest group of many cropping systems worldwide. Results We found significant phylogenetic signal in relative abundance and distribution range both at the regional and global scales. Relative abundance and range size of spider mites were positively correlated with host range, although these correlations became weaker after controlling for phylogeny. Conclusions The results suggest that pest impacts are evolutionarily constrained. Information that is easily obtainable – including the number of known hosts and phylogenetic position of the mites – could therefore be useful in predicting future pest risk of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Jin
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan-Fei Guo
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Zhou
- School of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Xi Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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45
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Rohr JR, Barrett CB, Civitello DJ, Craft ME, Delius B, DeLeo GA, Hudson PJ, Jouanard N, Nguyen KH, Ostfeld RS, Remais JV, Riveau G, Sokolow SH, Tilman D. Emerging human infectious diseases and the links to global food production. NATURE SUSTAINABILITY 2019; 2:445-456. [PMID: 32219187 PMCID: PMC7091874 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are emerging globally at an unprecedented rate while global food demand is projected to increase sharply by 2100. Here, we synthesize the pathways by which projected agricultural expansion and intensification will influence human infectious diseases and how human infectious diseases might likewise affect food production and distribution. Feeding 11 billion people will require substantial increases in crop and animal production that will expand agricultural use of antibiotics, water, pesticides and fertilizer, and contact rates between humans and both wild and domestic animals, all with consequences for the emergence and spread of infectious agents. Indeed, our synthesis of the literature suggests that, since 1940, agricultural drivers were associated with >25% of all - and >50% of zoonotic - infectious diseases that emerged in humans, proportions that will likely increase as agriculture expands and intensifies. We identify agricultural and disease management and policy actions, and additional research, needed to address the public health challenge posed by feeding 11 billion people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | | | | | - Meggan E. Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA
| | - Bryan Delius
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Giulio A. DeLeo
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA USA
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, College Station, PA USA
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biomédicales, Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Karena H. Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | | | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biomédicales, Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA USA
| | - David Tilman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA
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46
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Zhang X. Environmental DNA Shaping a New Era of Ecotoxicological Research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:5605-5612. [PMID: 31009204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems, such as rivers and lakes, are exposed to multiple stressors from anthropogenic activity and changes in climate, which have resulted in a general decrease in biodiversity, alteration of community structures, and can ultimately result in reduction of resources provided by natural ecosystems. Adverse outcomes caused by pollutants to ecosystems are determined not only by toxic properties but also ecological contexts of ecosystems, including indigenous biodiversity and community composition. It is therefore important to identify key factors, such as diversity of species and traits that determine the vulnerability of structures and functions of ecosystems in response to toxic substances. Detection and quantification of biodiversity and its activities using environmental DNA (eDNA) is arguably one of the most important technical advances in ecology in recent years. A huge opportunity has appeared to allow more relevant approaches for assessments of risks posed to ecosystems by toxic substances. eDNA approaches provide effective and efficient tools to evaluate the effects of chemical pollutants on (1) the occurrences and population of wildlife, (2) communities, and (3) the function of ecosystem in the field. Here a conceptual framework of adverse outcome pathways to relate molecular initiating events to apical ecosystem-level responses is proposed to connecting laboratory-based prediction to observations under field conditions. Particularly, future research opportunities on effects on biodiversity, community structure, and ecosystem function by toxic substances will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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47
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Rumschlag SL, Halstead NT, Hoverman JT, Raffel TR, Carrick HJ, Hudson PJ, Rohr JR. Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:962-972. [PMID: 30895712 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution can alter parasite transmission, but scientists are unaware if effects of pesticides on parasite exposure and host susceptibility (i.e. infection risk given exposure) can be generalised within a community context. Using replicated temperate pond communities, we evaluate effects of 12 pesticides, nested in four pesticide classes (chloroacetanilides, triazines, carbamates organophosphates) and two pesticide types (herbicides, insecticides) applied at standardised environmental concentrations on larval amphibian exposure and susceptibility to trematode parasites. Most of the variation in exposure and susceptibility occurred at the level of pesticide class and type, not individual compounds. The organophosphate class of insecticides increased snail abundance (first intermediate host) and thus trematode exposure by increasing mortality of snail predators (top-down mechanism). While a similar pattern in snail abundance and trematode exposure was observed with triazine herbicides, this effect was driven by increases in snail resources (periphytic algae, bottom-up mechanism). Additionally, herbicides indirectly increased host susceptibility and trematode infections by (1) increasing time spent in susceptible early developmental stages and (2) suppressing tadpole immunity. Understanding generalisable effects associated with contaminant class and type on transmission is critical in reducing complexities in predicting disease dynamics in at-risk host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Thomas R Raffel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Hunter J Carrick
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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48
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Pan L, Lei D, Jin L, He Y, Yang Q. Promising Fungicides from Allelochemicals: Synthesis of Umbelliferone Derivatives and Their Structure⁻Activity Relationships. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113002. [PMID: 30453559 PMCID: PMC6278345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbelliferone was discovered to be an important allelochemical in our previous study, but the contribution of its activity and structure has not yet been revealed. In this study, a series of analogues were synthesized to determine the skeleton of umbelliferone and examine its fungicidal activity. Furthermore, targeted modifications were conducted with three plant parasitic fungi to examine the lead compounds. Among those tested, compounds 2f and 10 were found to show excellent antifungal activity with an inhibitory rate over 80% at 100 ug/mL. The study proves that umbelliferone can be a promising skeleton for fungicides discovery. In addition, the primary structure–activity relationship provides a good guidance for the discovery of novel fungicides based on natural products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Pan
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Dongyu Lei
- Department of Physiology, Preclinical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Lu Jin
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Yuan He
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Chemical Engineering College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
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