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Zeng XX, Guo WW, Shen J, Jiang YY, Liu S, Zhang XH. REGγ promotes mantle cell lymphoma cell apoptosis by downregulating NF-κB signaling. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:310-320. [PMID: 36915576 PMCID: PMC10007892 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). REGγ is important for tumor occurrence and development, but understanding of the specific role of REGγ in MCL is lacking. We aimed to identify REGγ effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of MCL cells and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Methods JEKO-1 cells stably transfected with a doxycycline-inducible Tet-On system expressed high levels of REGγ. JEKO-1 cells stably expressing shRNA-REGγ to reduce REGγ levels were constructed. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and p-NF-κB, NF-κB, IkB, REGγ, p-STAT3, STAT3, and PSMB5 levels in transfected cells and in transfected cells treated with Stattic, that is a nonpeptidic small molecule exhibited to selectively inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 through blocking the function of its SH2 domain, were analyzed using western blotting. Results The proliferation of JEKO-1 cells was inhibited, and apoptosis was enhanced by increased expression of REGγ (P<0.01). REGγ inhibited MCL cell proliferation in a mouse tumor xenograft model by promoting apoptosis, increased the expression of the three IκB subunits and inhibited NF-κB signaling. Overexpressed REGγ inhibited STAT3 and downregulated PSMB5 expression in MCL cells. Stattic downregulated PSMB5 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expressions and upregulated IκBε expression in JEKO-1 cells. Conclusions We found that REGγ regulated p-STAT3 expression by accelerating its half-life and downregulated the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote MCL cell apoptosis by negatively regulating STAT3-mediated PSMB5 expression and subsequently upregulating IκB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Zeng
- Second Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Wei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Shen
- Second Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu-Ying Jiang
- Second Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Hui Zhang
- Second Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Tu J, Zhang H, Yang T, Liu Y, Kibreab S, Zhang Y, Gao L, Moses RE, O'Malley BW, Xiao J, Li X. Aging-associated REGγ proteasome decline predisposes to tauopathy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102571. [PMID: 36209822 PMCID: PMC9647549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The REGγ-20S proteasome is an ubiquitin- and ATP-independent degradation system, targeting selective substrates, possibly helping to regulate aging. The studies we report here demonstrate that aging-associated REGγ decline predisposes to decreasing tau turnover, as in a tauopathy. The REGγ proteasome promotes degradation of human and mouse tau, notably phosphorylated tau and toxic tau oligomers that shuttle between the cytoplasm and nuclei. REGγ-mediated proteasomal degradation of tau was validated in 3- to 12-month-old REGγ KO mice, REGγ KO;PS19 mice, and PS19 mice with forebrain conditional neuron-specific overexpression of REGγ (REGγ OE) and behavioral abnormalities. Coupled with tau accumulation, we found with REGγ-deficiency, neuron loss, dendrite reduction, tau filament accumulation, and microglial activation are much more prominent in the REGγ KO;PS19 than the PS19 model. Moreover, we observed that the degenerative neuronal lesions and aberrant behaviors were alleviated in REGγ OE;PS19 mice. Memory and other behavior analysis substantiate the role of REGγ in prevention of tauopathy-like symptoms. In addition, we investigated the potential mechanism underlying aging-related REGγ decline. This study provides valuable insights into the novel regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for tau-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Xie C, Li Z, Hua Y, Sun S, Zhong L, Chen Q, Feng H, Ji N, Li T, Zhou X, Zeng X, Tang Z, Sun C, Li J, Chen Q. Identification of a BRAF/PA28γ/MEK1 signaling axis and its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral submucous fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:701. [PMID: 35961969 PMCID: PMC9374740 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and insidious oral potentially malignant disorder associated with a 4-17% risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study found that proteasomal activator 28 gamma (PA28γ) is frequently overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma and negatively correlated with poor patient prognosis. However, the role of PA28γ in the occurrence and development of OSF remains unclear. Here, we screened PA28γ-related genes and investigated their function in OSF. We demonstrated that the expression of PA28γ was positively associated with MEK1 and gradually elevated from normal to progressive stages of OSF tissue. Arecoline, a pathogenic component of OSF, could upregulate the protein levels of PA28γ and phosphorylated MEK1 and contribute to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial cells. Notably, PA28γ could interact with MEK1 and upregulate its phosphorylation level. Furthermore, arecoline upregulated BRAF, which can interact with PA28γ and upregulate its protein level. Additionally, BRAF, PA28γ, and MEK1 could form protein complexes and then enhance the MEK1/ERK signaling pathways. The concrete mechanism of the protein stability of PA28γ is that BRAF mediates its degradation by inhibiting its ubiquitination. These findings underscore the instrumental role of PA28γ in the BRAF/MEK1 pathway and enhanced EMT through MEK1/ERK activation in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Xie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaiye Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Hua
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Silu Sun
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China ,grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Ji
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Taiwen Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xikun Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zeng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongkui Sun
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianming Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stom atology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Regulation of Life & Death by REGγ. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152281. [PMID: 35892577 PMCID: PMC9330691 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
REGγ, a proteasome activator belonging to the 11S (otherwise known as REG, PA28, or PSME) proteasome activator family, is widely present in many eukaryotes. By binding to the 20S catalytic core particle, REGγ acts as a molecular sieve to selectively target proteins for degradation in an ATP- and ubiquitin-independent manner. This non-canonical proteasome pathway directly regulates seemingly unrelated cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage response, immune response, and metabolism. By affecting different pathways, REGγ plays a vital role in the regulation of cellular life and death through the maintenance of protein homeostasis. As a promoter of cellular growth and a key regulator of several tumor suppressors, many recent studies have linked REGγ overexpression with tumor formation and suggested the REGγ-proteasome as a potential target of new cancer-drug development. This review will present an overview of the major functions of REGγ as it relates to the regulation of cellular life and death, along with new mechanistic insights into the regulation of REGγ.
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5
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Abdelwahab AB, El-Sawy ER, Hanna AG, Bagrel D, Kirsch G. A Comprehensive Overview of the Developments of Cdc25 Phosphatase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082389. [PMID: 35458583 PMCID: PMC9031484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cdc25 phosphatases have been considered promising targets for anticancer development due to the correlation of their overexpression with a wide variety of cancers. In the last two decades, the interest in this subject has considerably increased and many publications have been launched concerning this issue. An overview is constructed based on data analysis of the results of the previous publications covering the years from 1992 to 2021. Thus, the main objective of the current review is to report the chemical structures of Cdc25s inhibitors and answer the question, how to design an inhibitor with better efficacy and lower toxicity?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eslam Reda El-Sawy
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (E.R.E.-S.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Atef G. Hanna
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (E.R.E.-S.); (A.G.H.)
| | - Denyse Bagrel
- Laboratoire Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes, UMR CNRS 7565, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57050 Metz, France;
| | - Gilbert Kirsch
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Chimie Moléculaire (L.2.C.M.), Université de Lorraine, 57078 Metz, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-03-72-74-92-00; Fax: +33-03-72-74-91-87
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Zhu X, Yang M, Lin Z, Mael SK, Li Y, Zhang L, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yang B, Huang T, Guan F, Li Z, Moses RE, Li L, Wang B, Li X, Zhang B. REGγ drives Lgr5 + stem cells to potentiate radiation induced intestinal regeneration. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1608-1623. [PMID: 34826093 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a marker of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), is considered to play key roles in tissue homoeostasis and regeneration after acute radiation injury. However, the activation of Lgr5 by integrated signaling pathways upon radiation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that irradiation of mice with whole-body depletion or conditional ablation of REGγ in Lgr5+ stem cell impairs proliferation of intestinal crypts, delaying regeneration of intestine epithelial cells. Mechanistically, REGγ enhances transcriptional activation of Lgr5 via the potentiation of both Wnt and Hippo signal pathways. TEAD4 alone or cooperates with TCF4, a transcription factor mediating Wnt signaling, to enhance the expression of Lgr5. Silencing TEAD4 drastically attenuated β-catenin/TCF4 dependent expression of Lgr5. Together, our study reveals how REGγ controls Lgr5 expression and expansion of Lgr5+ stem cells in the regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, REGγ proteasome appears to be a potential therapeutic target for radiation-induced gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zaijun Lin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Solomon Kibreab Mael
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori & Microbiota and GI cancer, Marshall Medical Research Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yaqi Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Department of Pathology, Xuchang Central Hospital Affiliated to Henan University of Science and Technology, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tingmei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Minhang Branch, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 20051, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Bianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Da M, Zhuang J, Zhou Y, Qi Q, Han S. Role of long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 in cancers. Mol Med 2021; 27:51. [PMID: 34039257 PMCID: PMC8157665 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-protein coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 bp. The lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) is abnormally expressed in many human malignant cancers, where it acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), regulating gene expression by specifically sponging its corresponding microRNAs. In the present review, we summarised the current understanding of the role of lncRNA TUG1 in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, radiosensitivity, cell regulation, and cell glycolysis, as well as highlighting its potential application as a clinical biomarker or therapeutic target for malignant cancer. This review provides the basis for new research directions for lncRNA TUG1 in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Da
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, 2088 East Tiaoxi Rd, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Medical College of Nursing, Huzhou University, No. 759 Erhuan East Road, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yani Zhou
- Graduate School of Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Qi
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, No. 1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Nakao Y, Nakagawa S, Yamashita YI, Umezaki N, Okamoto Y, Ogata Y, Yasuda-Yoshihara N, Itoyama R, Yusa T, Yamashita K, Miyata T, Okabe H, Hayashi H, Imai K, Baba H. High ARHGEF2 (GEF-H1) Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis Via Cell Cycle Regulation in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:4733-4743. [PMID: 33393038 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis, even after curative resection. Treatment options for pancreatic cancer remain limited, therefore new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. We searched for genes predictive of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer using a public database and validated the survival impact of the selected gene in a patient cohort. METHODS We used a public database to search for genes associated with early pancreatic cancer recurrence. As a validation cohort, 201 patients who underwent radical resection in our institution were enrolled. Expression of the target gene was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We evaluated growth and invasiveness using small interfering RNAs, then performed pathway analysis using gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS We extracted ARHGEF2 from GSE21501 as a gene with a high hazard ratio (HR) for early recurrence within 1 year. The high ARHGEF2 expression group had significantly poorer recurrence-free survival (RFS) and poorer overall survival (OS) than the low ARHGEF2 expression group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high ARHGEF2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for RFS (HR 1.92) and OS (HR 1.63). In vitro, ARHGEF2 suppression resulted in reduced cell growth and invasiveness. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ARHGEF2 expression was associated with MYC, G2M, E2F, and CDC25A expression, suggesting that c-Myc and cell cycle genes are associated with high ARHGEF2 expression. IHC revealed a positive correlation between ARHGEF2 and c-Myc expression. CONCLUSIONS High ARHGEF2 expression is associated with cell cycle progression, and predicts early recurrence and poor survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Yasuda-Yoshihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rumi Itoyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yusa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Reciprocal REGγ-mTORC1 regulation promotes glycolytic metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2020; 40:677-692. [PMID: 33230243 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progression in the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the role of the proteasome in regulating cross talk between mTOR signaling and glycolysis in liver cancer progression is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that deficiency of REGγ, a proteasome activator, in mice significantly attenuates DEN-induced liver tumor formation. Ablation of REGγ increases the stability of PP2Ac (protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit) in vitro and in vivo, which dephosphorylates PRAS40 (AKT1 substrate 1) and stabilizes the interaction between PRAS40 and Raptor to inactive mTORC1-mediated hyper-glycolytic metabolism. In the DEN-induced animal model and clinical hepato-carcinoma samples, high levels of REGγ in HCC tumor regions contribute to reduced expression of PP2Ac, leading to accumulation of phosphorylated PRAS40 and mTORC1-mediated activation of HIF1α. Interestingly, mTORC1 enhances REGγ activity in HCC, forming a positive feedback regulatory loop. In conclusion, our study identifies REGγ-PP2Ac-PRAS40 axis as a new layer in regulating mTORC1 activity and downstream glycolytic alterations during HCC development, highlighting the REGγ-proteasome as a potential target for personalized HCC therapy.
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