1
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Wang S, Shi X, Gong J, Liu W, Jin C, Sun J, Peng Y, Yang J. Artificial Retina Based on Organic Heterojunction Transistors for Mobile Recognition. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3204-3212. [PMID: 38416569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The flicker frequency of incident light constitutes a critical determinant in biology. Nevertheless, the exploration of methods to simulate external light stimuli with varying frequencies and develop artificial retinal neurons capable of responsive behavior remains an open question. This study presents an artificial neuron comprising organic phototransistors. The triggering properties of neurons are modulated by optical input, enabling them to execute rudimentary synaptic functions, emulating the biological characteristics of retinal neurons. The artificial retinal neuron exhibits varying responses to incoming light frequencies, allowing it to replicate the persistent visual behavior of the human eye and facilitating image discrimination. Additionally, through seamless integration with circuitry, it can execute motion recognition on a machine cart, preventing collisions with high-speed obstacles. The artificial retinal neuron offers a cost-effective and energy-efficient route for future mobile robot processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Gong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Jin
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Peng
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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2
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Gómez-González B, Basílio N, Vaz B, Pérez-Lorenzo M, García-Río L. Delving into the Variability of Supramolecular Affinity: Self-Ion Pairing as a Central Player in Aqueous Host-Guest Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317553. [PMID: 38100517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The determination of binding constants is a key matter in evaluating the strength of host-guest interactions. However, the profound impact of self-ion pairing on this parameter is often underrated in aqueous solution, leading in some cases to a misinterpretation of the true potential of supramolecular assemblies. In the present study, we aim to shed further light on this critical factor by exploring the concentration-dependent behavior of a multicharged pillararene in water. Our observations reveal an extraordinary 1-million-fold variability in the affinity of this macrocycle toward a given anion, showcasing the highly dynamic character of electrostatic interactions. We argue that these findings bring to the forefront the inherent determinism that underlies the estimation of affinity constants, a factor profoundly shaped by both the sensitivity of the instrumental technique in use and the intricacies of the experimental design itself. In terms of applications, these results may provide the opportunity to optimize the operational concentrations of multicharged hosts in different scenarios, aiming to achieve their maximum efficiency based on the intended application. Unlocking the potential of this hidden variability may pave the way for the creation of novel molecular materials with advanced functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Gómez-González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuno Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Belén Vaz
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Moisés Pérez-Lorenzo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis García-Río
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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3
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Chen W, Wang D, Wang W, Kang Y, Liu X, Fang S, Li L, Luo Y, Liang K, Liu Y, Luo D, Memon MH, Yu H, Gu W, Liu Z, Hu W, Sun H. Manipulating Surface Band Bending of III-Nitride Nanowires with Ambipolar Charge-Transfer Characteristics: A Pathway Toward Advanced Photoswitching Logic Gates and Encrypted Optical Communication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307779. [PMID: 38009587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The operational principle of semiconductor devices critically relies on the band structures that ultimately govern their charge-transfer characteristics. Indeed, the precise orchestration of band structure within semiconductor devices, notably at the semiconductor surface and corresponding interface, continues to pose a perennial conundrum. Herein, for the first time, this work reports a novel postepitaxy method: thickness-tunable carbon layer decoration to continuously manipulate the surface band bending of III-nitride semiconductors. Specifically, the surface band bending of p-type aluminum-gallium-nitride (p-AlGaN) nanowires grown on n-Si can be precisely controlled by depositing different carbon layers as guided by theoretical calculations, which eventually regulate the ambipolar charge-transfer behavior between the p-AlGaN/electrolyte and p-AlGaN/n-Si interface in an electrolyte environment. Enabled by the accurate modulation of the thickness of carbon layers, a spectrally distinctive bipolar photoresponse with a controllable polarity-switching-point over a wide spectrum range can be achieved, further demonstrating reprogrammable photoswitching logic gates "XOR", "NAND", "OR", and "NOT" in a single device. Finally, this work constructs a secured image transmission system where the optical signals are encrypted through the "XOR" logic operations. The proposed continuous surface band tuning strategy provides an effective avenue for the development of multifunctional integrated-photonics systems implemented with nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Danhao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Kang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Shi Fang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Liuan Li
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmin Luo
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liang
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Luo
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Hunain Memon
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Huabin Yu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Gu
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Haiding Sun
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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4
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Wang S, Han L, Zou Y, Liu B, He ZH, Huang Y, Wang Z, Zheng L, Hu YX, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Li ZQ, Gao P, Chen X, Guo X, Li L, Hu W. Ultrahigh-gain organic transistors based on van der Waals metal-barrier interlayer-semiconductor junction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj4656. [PMID: 38055810 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic gain is a vital figure of merit in transistors, closely related to signal amplification, operation voltage, power consumption, and circuit simplification. However, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) targeted at high gain have suffered from challenges such as narrow subthreshold operating voltage, low-quality interface, and uncontrollable barrier. Here, we report a van der Waals metal-barrier interlayer-semiconductor junction-based OTFT, which shows ultrahigh performance including ultrahigh gain of ~104, low saturation voltage, negligible hysteresis, and good stability. The high-quality van der Waals-contacted junctions are mainly attributed to patterning EGaIn liquid metal electrodes by low-energy microfluidic processes. The wide-bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3 as barrier interlayer is achieved by in situ surface oxidation of EGaIn electrodes, allowing for an adjustable barrier height and expected thermionic emission properties. The organic inverters with a high gain of 5130 and a simplified current stabilizer are further demonstrated, paving a way for high-gain and low-power organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Hao He
- Department of Physics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yong-Xu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin 300300, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Li
- Department of Physics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Chen F, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang YX, Hu W. Supramolecular interface decoration on a polymer conductor for an intrinsically stretchable near-infrared photodiode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11975-11978. [PMID: 37724429 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable photodiodes with near-infrared (NIR) response face the challenge of material deficiency. A supramolecular cathode with excellent optical, tensile and electrical properties was proposed. Together with a stretchable organic heterojunction, we developed an intrinsically stretchable NIR photodiode with high detectivity over 1011 Jones and that remained functional under 100% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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6
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Liu H, Yao Y, Samorì P. Taming Multiscale Structural Complexity in Porous Skeletons: From Open Framework Materials to Micro/Nanoscaffold Architectures. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300468. [PMID: 37431215 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the design and synthesis of more and more sophisticated organic building blocks with controlled structures and physical properties, combined with the emergence of novel assembly modes and nanofabrication methods, make it possible to tailor unprecedented structurally complex porous systems with precise multiscale control over their architectures and functions. By tuning their porosity from the nanoscale to microscale, a wide range of functional materials can be assembled, including open frameworks and micro/nanoscaffold architectures. During the last two decades, significant progress is made on the generation and optimization of advanced porous systems, resulting in high-performance multifunctional scaffold materials and novel device configurations. In this perspective, a critical analysis is provided of the most effective methods for imparting controlled physical and chemical properties to multifunctional porous skeletons. The future research directions that underscore the role of skeleton structures with varying physical dimensions, from molecular-level open frameworks (<10 nm) to supramolecular scaffolds (10-100 nm) and micro/nano scaffolds (>100 nm), are discussed. The limitations, challenges, and opportunities for potential applications of these multifunctional and multidimensional material systems are also evaluated in particular by addressing the greatest challenges that the society has to face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yifan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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7
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Yan T, Ge J, Su L, Liu X, Fang X. Designing Ordered Organic Small-Molecule Domains for Ultraviolet Detection and Micrometer-Sized Flexible Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8295-8302. [PMID: 37638790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors displaying an ultraviolet (UV) spectral response window are typically based on wide-bandgap semiconductors that have long been dominated by inorganic materials that suffer from bottlenecks of low flexibility and a limited material family. Here, we synthesized a novel organic small molecule and controlled its crystallization to suppress leakage currents and facilitate separation of the carriers, and the relationship between the nanoscale phase separation morphology and the optoelectrical performance of the photodetectors is disclosed. Our optimized organic photodetector (OPD) presents a UV spectral response window, with superior self-powered responsivities of 45 mA/W (under 250 nm light) and 70 mA/W (under 300 nm light), outperforming the Si photodiode and rivaling other reported UV self-powered photodetectors. Finally, an imaging system was constructed to demonstrate the application potential of the OPD in UV flexible imaging with high-resolution arrays of 400 pixels × 400 pixels (5 μm × 5 μm per pixel), which could work in bent states and successfully output images of micrometer-sized objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xinya Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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8
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Luo G, Shi J, Deng W, Chang Z, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Pan R, Jie J, Zhang X, Zhang X. Boosting the Performance of Organic Photodetectors with a Solution-Processed Integration Circuit toward Ubiquitous Health Monitoring. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301020. [PMID: 37452606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors, as an emerging wearable photoplethysmographic (PPG) technology, offer exciting opportunities for next-generation photonic healthcare electronics. However, the mutual restraints among photoresponse, structure complexity, and fabrication cost have intrinsically limited the development of organic photodetectors for ubiquitous health monitoring in daily activities. Here, an effective route to dramatically boost the performance of organic photodetectors with a solution-processed integration circuit for health monitoring application is reported. Through creating an ideal metal-semiconductor junction interface that minimizes the trap states within the device, solution-printed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are achieved with an ultrahigh signal amplification efficiency of 37.1 S A-1 , approaching the theoretical thermionic limit. Consequently, monolithic integration of the OFET with an organic photoconductor enables the remarkable amplification of photoresponse signal-to-noise ratio by more than four orders of magnitude from 5.5 to 4.6 × 105 , which is able to meet the demand for accurately extracting physiological information from the PPG waveforms. This work offers an effective and versatile approach to greatly enhance the photodetector performance, promising to revolutionize health monitoring technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhen Chang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjun Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Jie
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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9
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Garci A, Abid S, David AHG, Jones LO, Azad CS, Ovalle M, Brown PJ, Stern CL, Zhao X, Malaisrie L, Schatz GC, Young RM, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Exciplex Emission and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Bischromophoric Cyclophanes and Homo[2]catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18391-18401. [PMID: 37565777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer and exciplex emission are not only crucial photophysical processes in many living organisms but also important for the development of smart photonic materials. We report, herein, the rationally designed synthesis and characterization of two highly charged bischromophoric homo[2]catenanes and one cyclophane incorporating a combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e., anthracene, pyrene, and perylene, which are intrinsically capable of supporting energy transfer and exciplex formation. The possible coconformations of the homo[2]catenanes, on account of their dynamic behavior, have been probed by Density Functional Theory calculations. The unique photophysical properties of these exotic molecules have been explored by steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The tetracationic pyrene-perylene cyclophane system exhibits emission emanating from a highly efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism which occurs in 48 ps, while the octacationic homo[2]catenane displays a weak exciplex photoluminescence following extremely fast (<0.3 ps) exciplex formation. The in-depth fundamental understanding of these photophysical processes involved in the fluorescence of bischromophoric cyclophanes and homo[2]catenanes paves the way for their use in future bioapplications and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Garci
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seifallah Abid
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chandra S Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marco Ovalle
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paige J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luke Malaisrie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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10
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Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Li X, Guo Y, Cao S, Gao H, Wu Y, Jiang L. Organic Single-Crystalline Microwire Arrays toward High-Performance Flexible Near-Infrared Phototransistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203429. [PMID: 36084233 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible organic near-infrared (NIR) phototransistors hold promising prospects for potential applications such as noninvasive bioimaging, health monitoring, and biometric authentication. For integrated circuits of high-performance devices, organic single-crystalline micro-/nanostructures with precise positioning are prominently anticipated. However, the manufacturing of organic single-crystalline arrays remains a conundrum due to difficulties encountered in patterning arrays of dewetting processes at micron-scale confined space and modulating the dewetting dynamics. Herein, we utilize a capillary-bridge lithography strategy to fabricate organic 1D arrays with high quality, homogeneous size, and deterministic location toward high-performance flexible organic NIR phototransistors. Regular micro-liquid stripes and unidirectional dewetting are synchronously achieved by adapting micropillar templates with asymmetric wettability. As a result, high-throughput 1D arrays based organic field-effect transistors exhibit high electron mobility up to 9.82 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Impressively, flexible NIR phototransistors also show outstanding photoelectronic performances with a photosensitivity of 9.87 × 105 , a responsivity of 1.79 × 104 A W-1 , and a specific detectivity of 3.92 × 1014 Jones. This work paves a novel way to pattern high-throughput organic single-crystalline microarrays toward flexible NIR organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yangwu Guo
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics of TCM Clinical Unit, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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11
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Chen Y, Wang H, Luo F, Montes-García V, Liu Z, Samorì P. Nanofloating gate modulated synaptic organic light-emitting transistors for reconfigurable displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4824. [PMID: 36103533 PMCID: PMC9473570 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of postsynaptic current to drive long-lasting luminescence holds a disruptive potential for harnessing the next-generation of smart displays. Multiresponsive long afterglow emission can be achieved by integrating light-emitting polymers in electric spiked transistors trigged by distinct presynaptic signals inputs. Here, we report a highly effective electric spiked long afterglow organic light-emitting transistor (LAOLET), whose operation relies on a nanofloating gate architecture. Long afterglow emission with reconfigurable brightness and retention time is observed upon applying specific positive gate voltage spiked. Conversely, when negative gate voltage stimulus is applied, these LAOLETs function as click-on display. Interestingly, upon endowing the device with force sensing capabilities, it can operate as a long afterglow pressure sensor that emits long-lasting green light subsequently to a controlled extrusion action.
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12
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Wang Z, Chen X, Yu L, Guo S, Hu Y, Huang Y, Wang S, Qi J, Han C, Ma X, Zhang X, Dong H, Chen W, Li L, Hu W. Polymer Electrolyte Dielectrics Enable Efficient Exciton-Polaron Quenching in Organic Semiconductors for Photostable Organic Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13584-13592. [PMID: 35286804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectric response of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) will cause severe photoelectric interference, which hinders the applications of OFETs in the light environment. It is highly challenging to relieve this problem because of the high photosensitivity of most organic semiconductors. Here, we propose an efficient "exciton-polaron quenching" strategy to suppress the photoelectric response and thus construct highly photostable OFETs by utilizing a polymer electrolyte dielectric─poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). This dielectric produces high-density polarons in organic semiconductors under a gate electric field that quench the photogenerated excitons with high efficiency (∼70%). As a result, the OFETs with PAA dielectric exhibit unprecedented photostability against strong light irradiation up to 214 mW/cm2, which far surpasses the reported values and solar irradiance value (∼138 mW/cm2). The strategy shows high universality in OFETs with different OSCs and electrolytes. As a demonstration, the photostable OFET can stably drive an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) under light irradiation. This work presents an efficient exciton modulation strategy in OSC and proves a high potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shujing Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiannan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng Han
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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