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Han J, Singh VP. A review of widely used drought indices and the challenges of drought assessment under climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1438. [PMID: 37943470 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Under climate change, drought assessment, which can address nonstationarity in drought indicators and anthropogenic implications, is required to mitigate drought impacts. However, the development of drought indices for a reliable drought assessment is a challenging task in the warming climate. Thus, this study discusses factors that should be considered in developing drought indices in changing climate. Inconsistent drought assessment can be obtained, depending on the baseline period defined in developing drought indices. Therefore, the baseline period should represent the contemporary climate but should also correspond to long enough observations for stable parameter estimation. The importance of accurate potential evapotranspiration (PET) for drought indices becomes higher under a warming climate. Although the Penman-Monteith method yields accurate PET values, depending on the climate and vegetation cover, other suitable PET formulas, such as the Hargreaves method, with fewer hydrometeorological data can be used. Since a single drought index is not enough to properly monitor drought evolution, a method that can objectively combine multiple drought indices is required. Besides, quantifying anthropogenic impacts, which can add more uncertainty, on drought assessment is also important to adapt to the changing drought conditions and minimize human-induced drought. Drought is expected to occur more frequently with more severe, longer, and larger areal extent under global warming, since a more arid background, which climate change will provide, intensifies land-atmosphere feedback, leading to the desiccation of land and drying atmosphere. Thus, an accurate drought assessment, based on robust drought indices, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Han
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA.
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
- Zachary Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
- National Water & Energy Center, UAE University, AL Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Carvalho CM, Khan S, Teixeira do Amaral Junior A, de Lima VJ, de Souza Silva JG, Catarino Fuly LM, Leite JT, dos Santos Junior DR, Viana FN, de Souza R, Vieira HD, Kamphorst SH. Early selection for drought tolerance in popcorn based on gene effects estimated in seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1203972. [PMID: 37465392 PMCID: PMC10350647 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1203972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Low rainfall rates are becoming increasingly frequent because of climate change, causing droughts and threatening world food security. For popcorn, drought is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant's growth and development. Thus, the water deficit directly impacts for crop productivity. Based on knowledge of the genetic basis of traits involved in stages of popcorn germination and seedling development under water stress, genotypes with potential for adaptation to adverse growing conditions can be selected early. Therefore, data on genetic effects and combining ability of 10 popcorn parents were compiled to propose breeding strategies for the development of cultivars with greater adaptation to water stress in the early stages. Forty-five diallel hybrids were evaluated under two different water regimes, that is, water stress and full irrigation. This corresponded to a water retention capacity of 25% and 70% of the germination paper. The plants were watered daily as needed for seven days. A range of factors were evaluated, that is, germination traits including the germination speed index and germination on the seventh day; shoot traits including length and dry weight; and root system including length, dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, maximum root number, root network area, specific and root network length, and root volume. Breeding for drought adaption in the early stages of popcorn development can be successful when hybrids are used, because of the genetic effects of dominance (ϕs). These control the traits evaluated at the seedling stage. The combinations L61 x P2 and L71 x P3 were recommended, in view of the more successful performance estimated for traits related to the shoot and root system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Macedo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Shahid Khan
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
- Crop Science Department, Crops Environment and Land Use Programme, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - José Gabriel de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Lara Moreira Catarino Fuly
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Jhean Torres Leite
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Divino Rosa dos Santos Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Flávia Nicácio Viana
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Rosenilda de Souza
- Laboratório de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Henrique Duarte Vieira
- Laboratório de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Genético Vegetal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias (CCTA), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
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Kim K, Min J, Lee M, Sim G, Oh SS, Park MJ. Porous charged polymer nanosheets formed via microplastic removal from frozen ice for virus filtration and detection. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17157-17162. [PMID: 36301119 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method for producing porous charged polymer nanosheets using frozen ice containing microplastics. Upon assessing SARS-CoV-2 filtration using nanosheets with 100 nm-sized pores, a high rejection rate of 96% was achieved. The charged surfaces of nanosheets further enabled the electrophoretic capture of the virus using a portable battery with additional real-time sensing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaemin Min
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhong Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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