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Katsumi R, Takada K, Jelezko F, Yatsui T. Recent progress in hybrid diamond photonics for quantum information processing and sensing. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2025; 4:85. [PMID: 40341743 PMCID: PMC12062508 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-025-00398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Katsumi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Takada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Takashi Yatsui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chen B, Sun X, Li X, Cai L, Zhao D, Du K, Pan M, Qiu M. 4H-SiC Metalens: Mitigating Thermal Drift Effect in High-Power Laser Irradiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2412414. [PMID: 39558784 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202412414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing energy density and efficiency in laser processing hinges on precise beam focusing, yet this often causes severe heat absorption and focus shifts in optical lenses. Traditional cooling methods increase cost and complexity, severely limiting versatility. Here, monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) metalens is introduced, which shows unparalleled thermal stability, integrated with a high-power laser. This metalens achieves diffraction-limited focusing with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.5 and a focal length of 1 cm. Under a 1030 nm pulsed laser at 15 W for 1 h, it shows a minimal temperature rise of 3.2 °C and a tiny focal shift of 14 µm (0.1% relative), only 6% of the shift in conventional lenses. When used to cut a 4H-SiC substrate with the same laser, the metalens exhibit only an 11.4% change in cutting depth after 1 h of operation, correlating with the focal shift results. The results unveil a groundbreaking class of compact SiC photonics devices nearly impervious to heat absorption, representing a monumental leap for high-power laser systems and opening new horizons for their applications and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqu Chen
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Moldnano (Hangzhou) Technology Co. LTD., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Ding Zhao
- Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics, Fuyang, Hangzhou, 311421, China
| | - Kaikai Du
- Moldnano (Hangzhou) Technology Co. LTD., Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Meiyan Pan
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310030, China
- Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics, Fuyang, Hangzhou, 311421, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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Zhang T, Sun F, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Li KH, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Shao L, Wong N, Lei D, Lin Y, Chu Z. Scalable Reshaping of Diamond Particles via Programmable Nanosculpting. ACS NANO 2024; 18:35405-35417. [PMID: 39699061 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
Diamond particles have many interesting properties and possible applications. However, producing diamond particles with well-defined shapes on a large scale is challenging because diamonds are chemically inert and extremely hard. Here, we show that air oxidation, a routine method for purifying diamonds, can be used to precisely shape diamond particles at scale. By exploiting the distinct reactivities of different crystal facets and defects inside the diamond, layer-by-layer outward-to-inward and inward-to-outward oxidation produced diverse diamond shapes including spheres, twisted surfaces, pyramidal islands, inverted pyramids, nanoflowers, and porous polygons. The nanosculpted diamonds had more and finer features that enabled them to outperform the original raw diamonds in various applications. Using experimental observations and Monte Carlo simulations, we built a shape library that guides the design and fabrication of diamond particles with well-defined features that could be critical for anticounterfeiting, optical, and other practical applications. Our study presents a simple, economical, and scalable way to produce shape-customized diamonds for various potential technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fuqiang Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yingchi Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Opto-Electronics, Peking University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Kwai Hei Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Opto-Electronics, Peking University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ngai Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Huang J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Dong B, He C. Polarizability inversion suspension for nonlinear optical limiting with a low limiting threshold. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:4701-4704. [PMID: 39146138 DOI: 10.1364/ol.527878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
We propose what we believe to be a novel nonlinear optical limiting (NOL) method with a low limiting threshold based on a light intensity-controlled polarizability inversion suspension (PIS). This suspension has negative polarizability under weak light, allowing stable propagation of weak light with a low loss. Nevertheless, the suspension reverses into positive polarizability due to the optical Kerr effect under strong light, resulting in enhanced scattering that rapidly attenuates the intense light. In a proof-of-concept experiment, PS (polystyrene)-CS2-CCl4 suspension is used as the example suspension. We experimentally verify the NOL performance of several samples. Among them, 4 g/L PS-CS2-CCl4 suspension with a volume ratio of 0.15 has the best optical limiting effect, with a high limiting capacity coefficient of 0.48 and a very low limiting threshold of 14.80 kW/cm2, which is an order magnitude lower than that of most common NOL materials. Therefore, the proposed method provides a new promising approach to achieve NOL of continuous wave laser with a low limiting threshold.
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Liu B, Li D, Duan W, Yu D, Cai Q, Jiang L, Yu T, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhuang Q, Zheng Y. High-reliability infrared broadband thin-film polarizing beam splitter with ZnSe compensation layers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10910-10924. [PMID: 38570953 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Thin-film polarizing beam splitters (PBSs) fulfill a pivotal role in laser beam splitting, modulation, shaping and isolation. In this study, a high-reliability infrared broadband thin-film PBS was developed. To correct for tensile stress in Ge/YbF3 multilayer coatings, ZnSe compensation layers were incorporated in the multilayer design. The effects of different symmetrical periods on the spectral properties of the infrared PBS were systematically discussed. The infrared PBS operated at 45° and in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band. Using the percent of optical extrema monitoring (POEM) strategy combined with the high-temperature optical constants (HTOC) of Ge film, the infrared PBS was precisely fabricated on ZnSe substrates. Subsequently, the spectral performance and film reliability of the infrared PBS were carefully characterized. Specifically, the transmittance of p-polarization surpassed 96%, while the extinction ratio exceeded 100:1 within the 10.6 ± 0.15 µm band. The infrared PBS demonstrated commendable environmental reliability, in addition to exhibiting excellent spectral characteristics.
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Modaresialam M, Granchi N, Stehlik M, Petite C, Delegeanu S, Gourdin A, Bouabdellaoui M, Intonti F, Kerzabi B, Grosso D, Gallais L, Abbarchi M. Nano-imprint lithography of broad-band and wide-angle antireflective structures for high-power lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:12967-12981. [PMID: 38571103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient anti reflection coatings based on adiabatic index matching obtained via nano-imprint lithography. They exhibit high total transmission, achromaticity (99.5% < T < 99.8% from 390 to 900 nm and 99% < T < 99.5% from 800 to 1600 nm) and wide angular acceptance (T > 99% up to 50 degrees). Our devices show high laser-induced damage thresholds in the sub-picosecond (>5 J/cm2 at 1030 nm, 500 fs), nanosecond (>150 J/cm2 at 1064 nm, 12 ns and >100 J/cm2 at 532 nm, 12 ns) regimes, and low absorption in the CW regime (<1.3 ppm at 1080 nm), close to those of the fused silica substrate.
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Bonod N, Brianceau P, Daurios J, Grosjean S, Roquin N, Gleyze JF, Lamaignère L, Neauport J. Linear-to-circular polarization conversion with full-silica meta-optics to reduce nonlinear effects in high-energy lasers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5383. [PMID: 37666803 PMCID: PMC10477242 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-energy lasers have benefited from intense efforts to bring light-matter interactions to new standards and to achieve laser fusion ignition. One of the main issues to further increasing laser energy is the resistance of optical materials to high laser fluences, in particular at the final stage of the laser beamline where nonlinear Kerr effects can occur in optical materials and provoke laser filamentation. One promising way to mitigate this process is to reduce the nonlinear susceptibility of the material by switching the polarization from a linear to a circular state. Here, we report a significant reduction in the laser filamentation effect on glass by using a full-silica metamaterial waveplateable to switch the linear-to-circular polarization of high fluence laser beams. This result is achieved through the use of a large size full-silica meta-optics exhibiting nominal polarization conversion associated with an excellent transmission efficiency and wavefront quality, as well as a high laser damage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonod
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, 13013, France.
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