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Kamml J, Acevedo C, Kammer DS. Mineral and cross-linking in collagen fibrils: The mechanical behavior of bone tissue at the nano-scale. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2403.11753v1. [PMID: 38562451 PMCID: PMC10984003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The mineralized collagen fibril is the main building block of hard tissues and it directly affects the macroscopic mechanics of biological tissues such as bone. The mechanical behavior of the fibril itself is determined by its structure: the content of collagen molecules, minerals, and cross-links, and the mechanical interactions and properties of these components. Advanced-Glycation-Endproducts (AGEs) cross-linking between tropocollagen molecules within the collagen fibril is one important factor that is believed to have a major influence on the tissue. For instance, it has been shown that brittleness in bone correlates with increased AGEs densities. However, the underlying nano-scale mechanisms within the mineralized collagen fibril remain unknown. Here, we study the effect of mineral and AGEs cross-linking on fibril deformation and fracture behavior by performing destructive tensile tests using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our results demonstrate that after exceeding a critical content of mineral, it induces stiffening of the collagen fibril at high strain levels. We show that mineral morphology and location affect collagen fibril mechanics: The mineral content at which this stiffening occurs depends on the mineral's location and morphology. Further, both, increasing AGEs density and mineral content lead to stiffening and increased peak stresses. At low mineral contents, the mechanical response of the fibril is dominated by the AGEs, while at high mineral contents, the mineral itself determines fibril mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kamml
- Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Hui WH, Chen YL, Chang SW. Effects of aging and diabetes on the deformation mechanisms and molecular structural characteristics of collagen fibrils under daily activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127603. [PMID: 37871726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Crosslinking plays an important role in collagen-based tissues since it affects mechanical behavior and tissue metabolism. Aging and diabetes affect the type and density of crosslinking, effectively altering tissue properties. However, most studies focus on these effects under large stress rather than daily activities. We focus on the deformation mechanisms and structural change at the binding sites for integrins, proteoglycans, and collagenase in collagen fibrils using a fully atomistic model. We show that high-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking (our "HC" model, representing normal tissues) and advanced-glycation end-products (our "Glucosepane" model, which increase in diabetes) result in uniform deformation under daily activity, but low-connectivity enzymatic crosslinking (our "LC" model, representing aging tissues) does not. In particular, the HC model displays more sliding, which may explain the ability of healthy tissues to absorb more strain energy. In contrast, AGEs induce instability in the structures near the binding sites, which would affect the tissue metabolism of the collagen molecule. Our results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of collagen and a possible explanation for the role of crosslinking in tissues undergoing daily activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Han Hui
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Maia GP, da Silva JAL, André V, Galvão AM. Shock-Induced Degradation of Guanosine and Uridine Promoted by Nickel and Carbonate: Potential Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:8006. [PMID: 38138495 PMCID: PMC10745911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies of the degradation of two ribonucleosides (guanosine and uridine) were carried out by making use of mechanochemistry. Mechanochemical experiments reveal the decomposition of guanosine and uridine, promoted by nickel(II) and carbonate ions, into guanine and uracil, respectively. These nucleobases were identified by HPLC and 1H NMR spectroscopy (this applied only to uracil). Additionally, density-functional theory (DFT) methodologies were used to probe the energetic viability of several degradation pathways, including in the presence of the abovementioned ions. Three mechanisms were analysed via ribose ring-opening: dry, single-molecule water-assisted, and metal-assisted, wherein the last two mechanisms confirmed the mechanochemical degradation of both ribonucleosides into respective nucleobase moieties. These results can contribute to an astrobiological interpretation of the extraterrestrial sample's contents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Armando Luísa da Silva
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.P.M.); (V.A.)
| | | | - Adelino M. Galvão
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (G.P.M.); (V.A.)
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Liang W, Zhou C, Meng Y, Fu L, Zeng B, Liu Z, Ming W, Long H. An overview of the material science and knowledge of nanomedicine, bioscaffolds, and tissue engineering for tendon restoration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1199220. [PMID: 37388772 PMCID: PMC10306281 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1199220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon wounds are a worldwide health issue affecting millions of people annually. Due to the characteristics of tendons, their natural restoration is a complicated and lengthy process. With the advancement of bioengineering, biomaterials, and cell biology, a new science, tissue engineering, has developed. In this field, numerous ways have been offered. As increasingly intricate and natural structures resembling tendons are produced, the results are encouraging. This study highlights the nature of the tendon and the standard cures that have thus far been utilized. Then, a comparison is made between the many tendon tissue engineering methodologies proposed to date, concentrating on the ingredients required to gain the structures that enable appropriate tendon renewal: cells, growth factors, scaffolds, and scaffold formation methods. The analysis of all these factors enables a global understanding of the impact of each component employed in tendon restoration, thereby shedding light on potential future approaches involving the creation of novel combinations of materials, cells, designs, and bioactive molecules for the restoration of a functional tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Guanghua Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfeng Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shaoxing City Keqiao District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyi Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengguo Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
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