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Ma J, Zheng N, Chen P, Xu X, Zhu Y, Nie Y, Zhu S, Xiao M, Zhang Y. Tip-induced nanoscale domain engineering in x-cut lithium niobate on insulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14801-14807. [PMID: 38859416 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Nanodomain engineering in lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is critical to realize advanced photonic circuits. Here, we investigate the tip-induced nanodomain formation in x-cut LNOI. The effective electric field exhibits a mirror symmetry, which can be divided into preceding and sequential halves according to the tip movement. Under our configuration, the preceding electric field plays a decisive role rather than the sequential one as in previous reports. The mechanism is attributed to the screening field formed by the preceding field counteracting the effect of the subsequent one. In experiment, we successfully fabricate nanodomain dots, lines, and periodic arrays. Our work offers a useful approach for nanoscale domain engineering in x-cut LNOI, which has potential applications in integrated optoelectronic devices.
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Xu X, Chen P, Ma T, Ma J, Zhou C, Su Y, Lv M, Fan W, Zhai B, Sun Y, Wang T, Hu X, Zhu SN, Xiao M, Zhang Y. Large Field-of-View Nonlinear Holography in Lithium Niobate. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1303-1308. [PMID: 38232135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A nonlinear holographic technique is capable of processing optical information in the newly generated optical frequencies, enabling fascinating functions in laser display, security storage, and image recognition. One popular nonlinear hologram is based on a periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) crystal. However, due to the limitations of traditional fabrication techniques, the pixel size of the LN hologram is typically several micrometers, resulting in a limited field-of-voew (FOV) of several degrees. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an ultra-high-resolution LN hologram by using the laser poling technique. The minimal pixel size reaches 200 nm, and the FOV is extended above 120° in our experiments. The image distortions at large view angles are effectively suppressed through the Fourier transform. The FOV is further improved by combining multiple diffraction orders of SH fields. The ultimate FOV under our configuration is decided by a Fresnel transmission. Our results pave the way for expanding the applications of nonlinear holography to wide-view imaging and display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Taxue Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianan Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yawen Su
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mingxin Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weiwen Fan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bohan Zhai
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shi-Ning Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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