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Kong T, Zheng Q, Sun J, Wang C, Liu H, Gao Z, Qiao Z, Yang W. Advances in Magnetically Controlled Medical Robotics: A Review of Actuation Systems, Continuum Designs, and Clinical Prospects for Minimally Invasive Therapies. MICROMACHINES 2025; 16:561. [PMID: 40428687 PMCID: PMC12114355 DOI: 10.3390/mi16050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2025] [Revised: 05/03/2025] [Accepted: 05/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Magnetically controlled micro-robots hold immense potential for revolutionizing advanced medical applications, garnering significant research interest. This potential is underscored by the dual focus on magnetic control systems-both as driving forces and manipulation field sources-and magnetic continuums that have demonstrated clinical therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review delves into the actuation characteristics of permanent magnet systems, electromagnetic systems, and commercially available magnetic control systems. It also explores innovative designs of magnetic wires and tubes serving as continuum structures and investigates the variable stiffness properties of magnetic continua, informed by material and structural attributes. Furthermore, the discussion extends to their prospective roles and future applications within the medical realm. The objective is to elucidate emerging trends in the study of magnetic control systems and magnetic continua, marked by an expanding operational scope and enhanced precision in manipulation. By aligning these trends with clinical challenges and requirements, this review seeks to refine research trajectories, expedite practical implementations, and ultimately advocate for minimally invasive therapies. These therapies, leveraging magnetic control systems and magnetic continuums as cutting-edge treatment modalities, promise transformative impacts on the future of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Kong
- Shandong City Service Institute, Yantai 264005, China; (Q.Z.); (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Qitong Zheng
- Shandong City Service Institute, Yantai 264005, China; (Q.Z.); (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Jiarong Sun
- Shandong City Service Institute, Yantai 264005, China; (Q.Z.); (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Shandong City Service Institute, Yantai 264005, China; (Q.Z.); (J.S.); (C.W.)
| | - Huibin Liu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.Q.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhizheng Gao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.Q.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zezheng Qiao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.Q.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (H.L.); (Z.G.); (Z.Q.); (W.Y.)
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Ding Q, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yu D, Li M, He Q, Mei L. Integration of Photodiagnosis and Therapy Guided by Micro/Nanorobots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025; 37:e2420359. [PMID: 40079099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202420359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
Micro/Nanorobots(MNRs)integrated with phototherapy represent an emerging approach to cancer treatment and hold significant potential for addressing bacterial infections, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and related conditions. By leveraging micro/nanoscale motor systems in conjunction with phototherapy, these robots enable real-time guidance and monitoring of therapeutic processes, improving drug delivery precision and efficiency. This integration not only enhances the effectiveness of phototherapy but also minimizes damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Nevertheless, clinical translation of MNRs-assisted phototherapy still faces numerous challenges. In this review, recent key developments in the field are comprehensively summarized, the critical roles of MNRs-assisted phototherapy in clinical applications are highlighted, and insights into future directions and the pathway toward large-scale clinical implementation are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Ding
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Siqi Huang
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Donghu Yu
- Brain Glioma Center & Department of Neurosurgery, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Research and Clinical techniques for Brain Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Centre for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Mei
- Engineering Research Center for Pharmaceuticals and Equipments of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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