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Gasparini K, Figueiredo YG, Araújo WL, Peres LE, Zsögön A. De novo domestication in the Solanaceae: advances and challenges. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 89:103177. [PMID: 39106791 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The advent of highly efficient genome editing (GE) tools, coupled with high-throughput genome sequencing, has paved the way for the accelerated domestication of crop wild relatives. New crops could thus be rapidly created that are well adapted to cope with drought, flooding, soil salinity, or insect damage. De novo domestication avoids the complexity of transferring polygenic stress resistance from wild species to crops. Instead, new crops can be created by manipulating major genes in stress-resistant wild species. However, the genetic basis of certain relevant domestication-related traits often involve epistasis and pleiotropy. Furthermore, pan-genome analyses show that structural variation driving gene expression changes has been selected during domestication. A growing body of work suggests that the Solanaceae family, which includes crop species such as tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers, and tobacco, is a suitable model group to dissect these phenomena and operate changes in wild relatives to improve agronomic traits rapidly with GE. We briefly discuss the prospects of this exciting novel field in the interface between fundamental and applied plant biology and its potential impact in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Gasparini
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuri G Figueiredo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Ep Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Gowda SA, Fang H, Tyagi P, Bourland F, Dever J, Campbell BT, Zhang J, Abdelraheem A, Sood S, Jones DC, Kuraparthy V. Genome-wide association study of fiber quality traits in US upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:214. [PMID: 39223330 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A GWAS in an elite diversity panel, evaluated across 10 environments, identified genomic regions regulating six fiber quality traits, facilitating genomics-assisted breeding and gene discovery in upland cotton. In this study, an elite diversity panel of 348 upland cotton accessions was evaluated in 10 environments across the US Cotton Belt and genotyped with the cottonSNP63K array, for a genome-wide association study of six fiber quality traits. All fiber quality traits, upper half mean length (UHML: mm), fiber strength (FS: g tex-1), fiber uniformity (FU: %), fiber elongation (FE: %), micronaire (MIC) and short fiber content (SFC: %), showed high broad-sense heritability (> 60%). All traits except FE showed high genomic heritability. UHML, FS and FU were all positively correlated with each other and negatively correlated with FE, MIC and SFC. GWAS of these six traits identified 380 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) including 143 MTAs on 30 genomic regions. These 30 genomic regions included MTAs identified in at least three environments, and 23 of them were novel associations. Phenotypic variation explained for the MTAs in these 30 genomic regions ranged from 6.68 to 11.42%. Most of the fiber quality-associated genomic regions were mapped in the D-subgenome. Further, this study confirmed the pleiotropic region on chromosome D11 (UHML, FS and FU) and identified novel co-localized regions on D04 (FU, SFC), D05 (UHML, FU, and D06 UHML, FU). Marker haplotype analysis identified superior combinations of fiber quality-associated genomic regions with high trait values (UHML = 32.34 mm; FS = 32.73 g tex-1; FE = 6.75%). Genomic analyses of traits, haplotype combinations and candidate gene information described in the current study could help leverage genetic diversity for targeted genetic improvement and gene discovery for fiber quality traits in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anjan Gowda
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Fred Bourland
- NE Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas, Keiser, AR, 72715, USA
| | - Jane Dever
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, TX, 79403, USA
| | - Benjamin Todd Campbell
- USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC, 29501, USA
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Abdelraheem Abdelraheem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Shilpa Sood
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Don C Jones
- Cotton Incorporated, 6399 Weston Parkway, Cary, NC, 27513, USA
| | - Vasu Kuraparthy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Wang YG, Zhang YM, Wang YH, Zhang K, Ma J, Hang JX, Su YT, Tan SS, Liu H, Xiong AS, Xu ZS. The Y locus encodes a REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES protein that represses carotenoid biosynthesis via interaction with APRR2 in carrot. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2798-2817. [PMID: 38593056 PMCID: PMC11289637 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the factors regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in roots. In this study, we characterized DCAR_032551, the candidate gene of the Y locus responsible for the transition of root color from ancestral white to yellow during carrot (Daucus carota) domestication. We show that DCAR_032551 encodes a REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES (RPGE) protein, named DcRPGE1. DcRPGE1 from wild carrot (DcRPGE1W) is a repressor of carotenoid biosynthesis. Specifically, DcRPGE1W physically interacts with DcAPRR2, an ARABIDOPSIS PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR2 (APRR2)-like transcription factor. Through this interaction, DcRPGE1W suppresses DcAPRR2-mediated transcriptional activation of the key carotenogenic genes phytoene synthase 1 (DcPSY1), DcPSY2, and lycopene ε-cyclase (DcLCYE), which strongly decreases carotenoid biosynthesis. We also demonstrate that the DcRPGE1W-DcAPRR2 interaction prevents DcAPRR2 from binding to the RGATTY elements in the promoter regions of DcPSY1, DcPSY2, and DcLCYE. Additionally, we identified a mutation in the DcRPGE1 coding region of yellow and orange carrots that leads to the generation of alternatively spliced transcripts encoding truncated DcRPGE1 proteins unable to interact with DcAPRR2, thereby failing to suppress carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and offer potential target genes for enhancing carotenoid accumulation in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jia-Xin Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Ting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Loarca J, Liou M, Dawson JC, Simon PW. Evaluation of shoot-growth variation in diverse carrot ( Daucus carota L.) germplasm for genetic improvement of stand establishment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342512. [PMID: 38708395 PMCID: PMC11066248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a high value, nutritious, and colorful crop, but delivering carrots from seed to table can be a struggle for carrot growers. Weed competitive ability is a critical trait for crop success that carrot and its apiaceous relatives often lack owing to their characteristic slow shoot growth and erratic seedling emergence, even among genetically uniform lines. This study is the first field-based, multi-year experiment to evaluate shoot-growth trait variation over a 100-day growing season in a carrot diversity panel (N=695) that includes genetically diverse carrot accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture National Plant Germplasm System. We report phenotypic variability for shoot-growth characteristics, the first broad-sense heritability estimates for seedling emergence (0.68 < H2 < 0.80) and early-season canopy coverage ( 0.61 < H2 < 0.65), and consistent broad-sense heritability for late-season canopy height (0.76 < H2 < 0.82), indicating quantitative inheritance and potential for improvement through plant breeding. Strong correlation between emergence and canopy coverage (0.62 < r < 0.72) suggests that improvement of seedling emergence has great potential to increase yield and weed competitive ability. Accessions with high emergence and vigorous canopy growth are of immediate use to breeders targeting stand establishment, weed-tolerance, or weed-suppressant carrots, which is of particular advantage to the organic carrot production sector, reducing the costs and labor associated with herbicide application and weeding. We developed a standardized vocabulary and protocol to describe shoot-growth and facilitate collaboration and communication across carrot research groups. Our study facilitates identification and utilization of carrot genetic resources, conservation of agrobiodiversity, and development of breeding stocks for weed-competitive ability, with the long-term goal of delivering improved carrot cultivars to breeders, growers, and consumers. Accession selection can be further optimized for efficient breeding by combining shoot growth data with phenological data in this study's companion paper to identify ideotypes based on global market needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenyne Loarca
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Liou
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julie C. Dawson
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Philipp W. Simon
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Loarca J, Liou M, Dawson JC, Simon PW. Advancing utilization of diverse global carrot ( Daucus carota L.) germplasm with flowering habit trait ontology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342513. [PMID: 38779064 PMCID: PMC11110672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Biennial vegetable crops are challenging to breed due to long breeding cycle times. At the same time, it is important to preserve a strong biennial growth habit, avoiding premature flowering that renders the crop unmarketable. Gene banks carry important genetic variation which may be essential to improve crop resilience, but these collections are underutilized due to lack of characterization for key traits like bolting tendency for biennial vegetable crops. Due to concerns about introducing undesirable traits such as premature flowering into elite germplasm, many accessions may not be considered for other key traits that benefit growers, leaving crops more vulnerable to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses. In this study, we develop a method for characterizing flowering to identify accessions that are predominantly biennial, which could be incorporated into biennial breeding programs without substantially increasing the risk of annual growth habits. This should increase the use of these accessions if they are also sources of other important traits such as disease resistance. We developed the CarrotOmics flowering habit trait ontology and evaluated flowering habit in the largest (N=695), and most diverse collection of cultivated carrots studied to date. Over 80% of accessions were collected from the Eurasian supercontinent, which includes the primary and secondary centers of carrot diversity. We successfully identified untapped genetic diversity in biennial carrot germplasm (n=197 with 0% plants flowering) and predominantly-biennial germplasm (n=357 with <15% plants flowering). High broad-sense heritability for flowering habit (0.81 < H2< 0.93) indicates a strong genetic component of this trait, suggesting that these carrot accessions should be consistently biennial. Breeders can select biennial plants and eliminate annual plants from a predominantly biennial population. The establishment of the predominantly biennial subcategory nearly doubles the availability of germplasm with commercial potential and accounts for 54% of the germplasm collection we evaluated. This subcollection is a useful source of genetic diversity for breeders. This method could also be applied to other biennial vegetable genetic resources and to introduce higher levels of genetic diversity into commercial cultivars, to reduce crop genetic vulnerability. We encourage breeders and researchers of biennial crops to optimize this strategy for their particular crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenyne Loarca
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Liou
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julie C. Dawson
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Philipp W. Simon
- Vegetable Crops Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Vega A, Brainard SH, Goldman IL. Linkage mapping of root shape traits in two carrot populations. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae041. [PMID: 38412554 PMCID: PMC10989876 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the genetic basis of carrot root shape traits using composite interval mapping in two biparental populations (n = 119 and n = 128). The roots of carrot F2:3 progenies were grown over 2 years and analyzed using a digital imaging pipeline to extract root phenotypes that compose market class. Broad-sense heritability on an entry-mean basis ranged from 0.46 to 0.80 for root traits. Reproducible quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified on chromosomes 2 and 6 on both populations. Colocalization of QTLs for phenotypically correlated root traits was also observed and coincided with previously identified QTLs in published association and linkage mapping studies. Individual QTLs explained between 14 and 27% of total phenotypic variance across traits, while four QTLs for length-to-width ratio collectively accounted for up to 73% of variation. Predicted genes associated with the OFP-TRM (OVATE Family Proteins-TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif) and IQD (IQ67 domain) pathway were identified within QTL support intervals. This observation raises the possibility of extending the current regulon model of fruit shape to include carrot storage roots. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms through which this pathway operates in roots characterized by secondary growth originating from cambium layers remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vega
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Scott H Brainard
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Irwin L Goldman
- Department of Plant and Agroecosystem Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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How carrots became orange: genomics get at the root of the matter. Nature 2023; 622:221. [PMID: 37798453 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
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Guo Y, Lu F. The changing colour of carrot. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1583-1584. [PMID: 37770614 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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