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Santhosh Kumar S, Naseri NN, Pather SR, Hallacli E, Ndayisaba A, Buenaventura C, Acosta K, Roof J, Fazelinia H, Spruce LA, Luk K, Khurana V, Rhoades E, Shalem O. Sequential CRISPR screening reveals partial NatB inhibition as a strategy to mitigate alpha-synuclein levels in human neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4767. [PMID: 38335281 PMCID: PMC10857481 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein levels correlate with the risk and severity of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases. Lowering αSyn is being actively investigated as a therapeutic modality. Here, we systematically map the regulatory network that controls endogenous αSyn using sequential CRISPR-knockout and -interference screens in an αSyn gene (SNCA)-tagged cell line and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons (iNeurons). We uncover αSyn modifiers at multiple regulatory layers, with amino-terminal acetyltransferase B (NatB) enzymes being the most potent endogenous αSyn modifiers in both cell lines. Amino-terminal acetylation protects the cytosolic αSyn from rapid degradation by the proteasome in a Ube2w-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that pharmacological inhibition of methionyl-aminopeptidase 2, a regulator of NatB complex formation, attenuates endogenous αSyn in iNeurons carrying SNCA triplication. Together, our study reveals several gene networks that control endogenous αSyn, identifies mechanisms mediating the degradation of nonacetylated αSyn, and illustrates potential therapeutic pathways for decreasing αSyn levels in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nima N. Naseri
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarshan R. Pather
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erinc Hallacli
- Division of Movement Disorders and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alain Ndayisaba
- Division of Movement Disorders and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris Buenaventura
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen Acosta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Roof
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lynn A. Spruce
- Proteomics Core Facility, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelvin Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vikram Khurana
- Division of Movement Disorders and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Stoll AC, Kemp CJ, Patterson JR, Howe JW, Steece-Collier K, Luk KC, Sortwell CE, Benskey MJ. Neuroinflammatory gene expression profiles of reactive glia in the substantia nigra suggest a multidimensional immune response to alpha synuclein inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106411. [PMID: 38228253 PMCID: PMC10869642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology is characterized by alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates, degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and neuroinflammation. The presence of reactive glia correlates with deposition of pathological α-syn in early-stage PD. Thus, understanding the neuroinflammatory response of microglia and astrocytes to synucleinopathy may identify therapeutic targets. Here we characterized the neuroinflammatory gene expression profile of reactive microglia and astrocytes in the SNpc during early synucleinopathy in the rat α-syn pre-formed fibril (PFF) model. Rats received intrastriatal injection of α-syn PFFs and expression of immune genes was quantified with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), after which fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize gene expression to microglia or astrocytes in the SNpc. Genes previously associated with reactive microglia (Cd74, C1qa, Stat1, Axl, Casp1, Il18, Lyz2) and reactive astrocytes (C3, Gbp2, Serping1) were significantly upregulated in the SN of PFF injected rats. Localization of gene expression to SNpc microglia near α-syn aggregates identified a unique α-syn aggregate microglial gene expression profile characterized by upregulation of Cd74, Cxcl10, Rt-1a2, Grn, Csf1r, Tyrobp, C3, C1qa, Serping1 and Fcer1g. Importantly, significant microglial upregulation of Cd74 and C3 were only observed following injection of α-syn PFFs, not α-syn monomer, confirming specificity to α-syn aggregation. Serping1 expression also localized to astrocytes in the SNpc. Interestingly, C3 expression in the SNpc localized to microglia at 2- and 4-months post-PFF, but to astrocytes at 6-months post-PFF. We also observed expression of Rt1-a2 and Cxcl10 in SNpc dopamine neurons. Cumulatively our results identify a dynamic, yet reproducible gene expression profile of reactive microglia and astrocytes associated with early synucleinopathy in the rat SNpc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Howe
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Benskey
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Patterson JR, Kochmanski J, Stoll AC, Kubik M, Kemp CJ, Duffy MF, Thompson K, Howe JW, Cole-Strauss A, Kuhn NC, Miller KM, Nelson S, Onyekpe CU, Beck JS, Counts SE, Bernstein AI, Steece-Collier K, Luk KC, Sortwell CE. Transcriptomic profiling of early synucleinopathy in rats induced with preformed fibrils. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38172128 PMCID: PMC10764951 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Examination of early phases of synucleinopathy when inclusions are present, but long before neurodegeneration occurs, is critical to both understanding disease progression and the development of disease modifying therapies. The rat alpha-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibril (PFF) model induces synchronized synucleinopathy that recapitulates the pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be used to study synucleinopathy progression. In this model, phosphorylated α-syn (pSyn) inclusion-containing neurons and reactive microglia (major histocompatibility complex-II immunoreactive) peak in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) months before appreciable neurodegeneration. However, it remains unclear which specific genes are driving these phenotypic changes. To identify transcriptional changes associated with early synucleinopathy, we used laser capture microdissection of the SNpc paired with RNA sequencing (RNASeq). Precision collection of the SNpc allowed for the assessment of differential transcript expression in the nigral dopamine neurons and proximal glia. Transcripts upregulated in early synucleinopathy were mainly associated with an immune response, whereas transcripts downregulated were associated with neurotransmission and the dopamine pathway. A subset of 29 transcripts associated with neurotransmission/vesicular release and the dopamine pathway were verified in a separate cohort of males and females to confirm reproducibility. Within this subset, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize decreases in the Syt1 and Slc6a3 transcripts to pSyn inclusion-containing neurons. Identification of transcriptional changes in early synucleinopathy provides insight into the molecular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael Kubik
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Megan F Duffy
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kajene Thompson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Howe
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Seth Nelson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Christopher U Onyekpe
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John S Beck
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Khidr HY, Hassan NF, Abdelrahman SS, El-Ansary MR, El-Yamany MF, Rabie MA. Formoterol attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in a rat model: Role of PINK-1/PARKIN and PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF/TrKB axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111207. [PMID: 37956489 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
β2-adrenoreceptors (β2AR have been identified recently as regulators of the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), one of the key milieus endorsed in injury of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulation of α-synuclein leads to mitochondrial dysfunction via downregulation of mitophagy proteins (PINK-1 and PARKIN) and inhibition of mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1α) along with an increase in the master inflammatory regulator NF-κB p65 production that provokes neurodegeneration and diminishes neuroprotective signaling pathway (PI3k/Akt/CREB/BDNF). Recently, formoterol exhibited a promising neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative conditions associated with brain inflammation. Therefore, the present investigation aims to unveil the possible neuroprotective activity of formoterol, β2AR agonist, against rotenone-induced PD in rats. Rats received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg; s.c.) every other day for 3 weeks and cured with formoterol (25 μg/kg/day; i.p.) 1 hr. after rotenone administration, starting from day 11. Formoterol treatment succeeded in upregulating β2-adrenoreceptor expression in PD rats and preserving the function and integrity of dopaminergic neurons as witnessed by enhancement of muscular performance in tests, open field, grip strength-meter, and Rotarod, besides the increment in substantia nigra and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoexpression. In parallel, formoterol boosted mitophagy by activation of PINK1 and PARKIN and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, formoterol stimulated the neuro-survival signaling axis via stimulation of PI3k/pS473-Akt/pS133-CREB/BDNF cascade to attenuate neuronal loss. Noteworthy formoterol reduces neuro-inflammatory status by decreasing NFκBp65 immunoexpression and TNF-α content. Finally, formoterol's potential as a stimulant therapy of mitophagy via the PINK1/PARKIN axis and regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing PGC-1α to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis along with stimulation of PI3k/Akt/CREB/BDNF axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Y Khidr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Matt RA, Martin RS, Evans AK, Gever JR, Vargas GA, Shamloo M, Ford AP. Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37495851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1-AR, α2-AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation. As these heterocellular functions are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health, combating the loss of noradrenergic tone from locus coeruleus degeneration may therefore be an effective treatment for both cognitive symptoms and disease modification in neurodegenerative indications. Two pharmacologic approaches are receiving attention in recent clinical studies: preserving noradrenaline levels (e.g., via reuptake inhibition) and direct activation of target adrenoceptors. Here, we review the expression and role of adrenoceptors in the brain, the preclinical studies which demonstrate that adrenergic stimulation can support cognitive function and cerebral health by reversing the effects of noradrenaline depletion, and the human data provided by pharmacoepidemiologic analyses and clinical trials which together identify adrenoceptors as promising targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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