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Korb A, Tajbakhsh S, Comai GE. Functional specialisation and coordination of myonuclei. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38477382 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Myofibres serve as the functional unit for locomotion, with the sarcomere as fundamental subunit. Running the entire length of this structure are hundreds of myonuclei, located at the periphery of the myofibre, juxtaposed to the plasma membrane. Myonuclear specialisation and clustering at the centre and ends of the fibre are known to be essential for muscle contraction, yet the molecular basis of this regionalisation has remained unclear. While the 'myonuclear domain hypothesis' helped explain how myonuclei can independently govern large cytoplasmic territories, novel technologies have provided granularity on the diverse transcriptional programs running simultaneously within the syncytia and added a new perspective on how myonuclei communicate. Building upon this, we explore the critical cellular and molecular sources of transcriptional and functional heterogeneity within myofibres, discussing the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on myonuclear programs. This knowledge provides new insights for understanding muscle development, repair, and disease, but also opens avenues for the development of novel and precise therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Korb
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Glenda E Comai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
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Abreu P, Garay BI, Nemkov T, Yamashita AMS, Perlingeiro RCR. Metabolic Changes during In Vivo Maturation of PSC-Derived Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors. Cells 2023; 13:76. [PMID: 38201280 PMCID: PMC10778145 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro-generated pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived Pax3-induced (iPax3) myogenic progenitors display an embryonic transcriptional signature, but upon engraftment, the profile of re-isolated iPax3 donor-derived satellite cells changes toward similarity with postnatal satellite cells, suggesting that engrafted PSC-derived myogenic cells remodel their transcriptional signature upon interaction within the adult muscle environment. Here, we show that engrafted myogenic progenitors also remodel their metabolic state. Assessment of oxygen consumption revealed that exposure to the adult muscle environment promotes overt changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, as shown by the substantial suppression of energy requirements in re-isolated iPax3 donor-derived satellite cells compared to their in vitro-generated progenitors. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling further confirmed the relationship of engrafted iPax3 donor-derived cells to adult satellite cells. The fact that in vitro-generated myogenic progenitors remodel their bioenergetic signature upon in vivo exposure to the adult muscle environment may have important implications for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phablo Abreu
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.A.); (B.I.G.); (A.M.S.Y.)
| | - Bayardo I. Garay
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.A.); (B.I.G.); (A.M.S.Y.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Aline M. S. Yamashita
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.A.); (B.I.G.); (A.M.S.Y.)
| | - Rita C. R. Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.A.); (B.I.G.); (A.M.S.Y.)
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Baik J, Ortiz-Cordero C, Magli A, Azzag K, Crist SB, Yamashita A, Kiley J, Selvaraj S, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Perrin E, Maufort JP, Janecek JL, Lee RM, Stone LH, Rangarajan P, Ramachandran S, Graham ML, Perlingeiro RCR. Establishment of Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors from Non-Human Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1147. [PMID: 37190056 PMCID: PMC10137227 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem (PS) cells enable the scalable production of tissue-specific derivatives with therapeutic potential for various clinical applications, including muscular dystrophies. Given the similarity to human counterparts, the non-human primate (NHP) is an ideal preclinical model to evaluate several questions, including delivery, biodistribution, and immune response. While the generation of human-induced PS (iPS)-cell-derived myogenic progenitors is well established, there have been no data for NHP counterparts, probably due to the lack of an efficient system to differentiate NHP iPS cells towards the skeletal muscle lineage. Here, we report the generation of three independent Macaca fascicularis iPS cell lines and their myogenic differentiation using PAX7 conditional expression. The whole-transcriptome analysis confirmed the successful sequential induction of mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm, and myogenic lineages. NHP myogenic progenitors efficiently gave rise to myotubes under appropriate in vitro differentiation conditions and engrafted in vivo into the TA muscles of NSG and FKRP-NSG mice. Lastly, we explored the preclinical potential of these NHP myogenic progenitors in a single wild-type NHP recipient, demonstrating engraftment and characterizing the interaction with the host immune response. These studies establish an NHP model system through which iPS-cell-derived myogenic progenitors can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Baik
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Magli
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karim Azzag
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sarah B. Crist
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aline Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James Kiley
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sridhar Selvaraj
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Perrin
- Stem Cell Resources and the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - John P. Maufort
- Stem Cell Resources and the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jody L. Janecek
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rachael M. Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura Hocum Stone
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Melanie L. Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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