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Penzel N, Polosecki P, Addington J, Arango C, Asgari-Targhi A, Billah T, Bouix S, Calkins ME, Campbell DE, Cannon TD, Castro E, Cho KIK, Coleman MJ, Corcoran CM, Dwyer D, Frangou S, Fusar-Poli P, Glynn RJ, Haidar A, Harms MP, Jacobs GR, Kambeitz J, Kapur T, Kelly SM, Koutsouleris N, Abhinandan KR, Kucukemiroglu S, Kwon JS, Lewandowski KE, Li QS, Mantua V, Mathalon DH, Mittal VA, Nicholas S, Pandina GJ, Perkins DO, Potter A, Reichenberg A, Reinen J, Sand MS, Seitz-Holland J, Shah JL, Srinivasan V, Srivastava A, Stone WS, Torous J, Vangel MG, Wang J, Wolff P, Yao B, Anticevic A, Wolf DH, Zhu H, Bearden CE, McGorry PD, Nelson B, Kane JM, Woods SW, Kahn RS, Shenton ME, Cecchi G, Pasternak O. Data analysis strategies for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 11:53. [PMID: 40180950 PMCID: PMC11968818 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-025-00561-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
The Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ) project assesses a large sample of individuals at clinical high-risk for developing psychosis (CHR) and community controls. Subjects are enrolled in 43 sites across 5 continents. The assessments include domains similar to those acquired in previous CHR studies along with novel domains that are collected longitudinally across a period of 2 years. In parallel with the data acquisition, multidisciplinary teams of experts have been working to formulate the data analysis strategy for the AMP SCZ project. Here, we describe the key principles for the data analysis. The primary AMP SCZ analysis aim is to use baseline clinical assessments and multimodal biomarkers to predict clinical endpoints of CHR individuals. These endpoints are defined for the AMP SCZ study as transition to psychosis (i.e., conversion), remission from CHR syndrome, and persistent CHR syndrome (non-conversion/non-remission) obtained at one year and two years after baseline assessment. The secondary aim is to use longitudinal clinical assessments and multimodal biomarkers from all time points to identify clinical trajectories that differentiate subgroups of CHR individuals. The design of the analysis plan is informed by reviewing legacy data and the analytic approaches from similar international CHR studies. In addition, we consider properties of the newly acquired data that are distinct from the available legacy data. Legacy data are used to assist analysis pipeline building, perform benchmark experiments, quantify clinical concepts and to make design decisions meant to overcome the challenges encountered in previous studies. We present the analytic design of the AMP SCZ project, mitigation strategies to address challenges related to the analysis plan, provide rationales for key decisions, and present examples of how the legacy data have been used to support design decisions for the analysis of the multimodal and longitudinal data. Watch Prof. Ofer Pasternak discuss his work and this article: https://vimeo.com/1023394132?share=copy#t=0 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ameneh Asgari-Targhi
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tashrif Billah
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dylan E Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eduardo Castro
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl M Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominic Dwyer
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anastasia Haidar
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace R Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tina Kapur
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sinead M Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K R Abhinandan
- Data and Analytics, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc, Princeton, USA
| | - Saryet Kucukemiroglu
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingqin S Li
- JRD Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Valentina Mantua
- Division of Psychiatry, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Spero Nicholas
- Veterans Affairs San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Potter
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenna Reinen
- IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
| | | | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jai L Shah
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vairavan Srinivasan
- Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Health Informatics, IOPPN, KCL, London, UK
| | - Agrima Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark G Vangel
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Phillip Wolff
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Beier Yao
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences & Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Billah T, Cho KIK, Borders O, Chung Y, Ennis M, Jacobs GR, Liebenthal E, Mathalon DH, Mohandass D, Nicholas SC, Pasternak O, Penzel N, Eichi HR, Wolff P, Anticevic A, Laulette K, Nunez AR, Tamayo Z, Buccilli K, Colton BL, Dwyer DB, Hendricks L, Yuen HP, Spark J, Tod S, Carrington H, Chen JT, Coleman MJ, Corcoran CM, Haidar A, John O, Kelly S, Marcy PJ, Matneja P, McGowan A, Ray SE, Veale S, Winter-Van Rossum I, Addington J, Allott KA, Calkins ME, Clark SR, Gur RC, Harms MP, Perkins DO, Ruparel K, Stone WS, Torous J, Yung AR, Zoupou E, Fusar-Poli P, Mittal VA, Shah JL, Wolf DH, Cecchi G, Kapur T, Kubicki M, Lewandowski KE, Bearden CE, McGorry PD, Kahn RS, Kane JM, Nelson B, Woods SW, Shenton ME, Baker JT, Bouix S. Enabling FAIR data stewardship in complex international multi-site studies: Data Operations for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2025; 11:55. [PMID: 40180978 PMCID: PMC11968805 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-025-00560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
Modern research management, particularly for publicly funded studies, assumes a data governance model in which grantees are considered stewards rather than owners of important data sets. Thus, there is an expectation that collected data are shared as widely as possible with the general research community. This presents problems in complex studies that involve sensitive health information. The latter requires balancing participant privacy with the needs of the research community. Here, we report on the data operation ecosystem crafted for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia project, an international observational study of young individuals at clinical high risk for developing a psychotic disorder. We review data capture systems, data dictionaries, organization principles, data flow, security, quality control protocols, data visualization, monitoring, and dissemination through the NIMH Data Archive platform. We focus on the interconnectedness of these steps, where our goal is to design a seamless data flow and an alignment with the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles while balancing local regulatory and ethical considerations. This process-oriented approach leverages automated pipelines for data flow to enhance data quality, speed, and collaboration, underscoring the project's contribution to advancing research practices involving multisite studies of sensitive mental health conditions. An important feature is the data's close-to-real-time quality assessment (QA) and quality control (QC). The focus on close-to-real-time QA/QC makes it possible for a subject to redo a testing session, as well as facilitate course corrections to prevent repeating errors in future data acquisition. Watch Dr. Sylvain Bouix discuss his work and this article: https://vimeo.com/1025555648 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tashrif Billah
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Owen Borders
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoonho Chung
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Grace R Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Einat Liebenthal
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service 116D, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dheshan Mohandass
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Spero C Nicholas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service 116D, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Habiballah Rahimi Eichi
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip Wolff
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristen Laulette
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela R Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zailyn Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate Buccilli
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Beau-Luke Colton
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominic B Dwyer
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Larry Hendricks
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Spark
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie Tod
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Carrington
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justine T Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Coleman
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl M Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia Haidar
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar John
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Alessia McGowan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Simone Veale
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kelly A Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott R Clark
- The Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Woodville, SA, Australia
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Harms
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison R Yung
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eirini Zoupou
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jai L Shah
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Tina Kapur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Eve Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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