1
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Tian C, Sun LT, Jin T, Yuan LL, Xu WF, Yang HX, Feng T, Liu JK. Phellintremulins A-C, antinociceptive sesquiterpenoids from the medicinal fungus Phellinus tremulae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114112. [PMID: 38685395 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Phellintremulin A (1), a rearranged sesquiterpenoid with an unprecedented bicyclic backbone, and two previously unreported illudane-type sesquiterpenoids, namely phellintremulin B (2) and phellintremulin C (3), together with two known analogues (±)‒4 and (±)‒5, were isolated from cultures of the medicinal fungus Phellinus tremulae. Their structures and absolute configurations were established by means of spectroscopic data and HRESIMS analyses, as well as ECD and NMR calculations. A plausible biogenesis for 1 was discussed. The electrophysiological experiments showed that phellintremulins (A‒C) can inhibit Nav current in DRG neuron cells at 10 μM, with percentage inhibitions of 23.2%, 49.3%, and 31.7%, respectively. The antinociceptive activities of phellintremulins (A‒C) were evaluated via the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice at a dose of 3 mg/kg. They showed significant antinociceptive effects with percentages of inhibition of 43.8%, 54.4%, and 50.6%, respectively, and phellintremulin B and C expressed more potent analgesic effect than lidocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li-Tang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Tian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wei-Fang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei, 230012, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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2
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Xu M, Xu H, Lei Z, Xing B, Dickschat JS, Yang D, Ma M. Structural Insights Into the Terpene Cyclization Domains of Two Fungal Sesterterpene Synthases and Enzymatic Engineering for Sesterterpene Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405140. [PMID: 38584136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about the structures and catalytic mechanisms of sesterterpene synthases (StTSs), which greatly hinders the structure-based engineering of StTSs for structural diversity expansion of sesterterpenes. We here report on the crystal structures of the terpene cyclization (TC) domains of two fungal StTSs: sesterfisherol synthase (NfSS) and sesterbrasiliatriene synthase (PbSS). Both TC structures contain benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTAC), pyrophosphate (PPi), and magnesium ions (Mg2+), clearly defining the catalytic active sites. A combination of theory and experiments including carbocationic intermediates modeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and isotope labeling provided detailed insights into the structural basis for their catalytic mechanisms. Structure-based engineering of NfSS and PbSS resulted in the formation of 20 sesterterpenes including 13 new compounds and four pairs of epimers with different configurations at C18. These results expand the structural diversity of sesterterpenes and provide important insights for future synthetic biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Houchao Xu
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baiying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Donghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
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3
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Gu B, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. Two Sesterterpene Synthases from Lentzea atacamensis Demonstrate the Role of Conformational Variability in Terpene Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401539. [PMID: 38372063 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Mining of two multiproduct sesterterpene synthases from Lentzea atacamensis resulted in the identification of the synthases for lentzeadiene (LaLDS) and atacamatriene (LaATS). The main product of LaLDS (lentzeadiene) is a new compound, while one of the side products (lentzeatetraene) is the enantiomer of brassitetraene B and the other side product (sestermobaraene F) is known from a surprisingly distantly related sesterterpene synthase. LaATS produces six new compounds, one of which is the enantiomer of the known sesterterpene Bm1. Notably, for both enzymes the products cannot all be explained from one and the same starting conformation of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate, demonstrating the requirement of conformational flexibility of the substrate in the enzymes' active sites. For lentzeadiene an intriguing thermal [1,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement was discovered, reminiscent of the biosynthesis of vitamin D3. All enzyme reactions and the [1,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement were investigated through isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations. The results also emphasize the importance of conformational changes during terpene cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Gu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Xu H, Köllner TG, Chen F, Dickschat JS. Mechanistic characterisation of a sesquiterpene synthase for asterisca-1,6-diene from the liverwort Radula lindenbergiana and implications for pentalenene biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1360-1364. [PMID: 38240688 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A sesquiterpene synthase from the liverwort Radula lindenbergiana was characterised and shown to produce the new sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (3R,9R)-asterisca-1,6-diene, besides small amounts of pentalenene. The biosynthesis of asterisca-1,6-diene was studied through isotopic labelling experiments, giving additional insights into the long discussed biosynthesis of pentalenene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchao Xu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4561, USA
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Li H, Dickschat JS. Enzymatic Synthesis of Diterpenoids from iso-GGPP III: A Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Analog with a Shifted Double Bond. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303560. [PMID: 37947363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The analog of the diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate with a double bond shifted from C14=C15 to C15=C16 (named iso-GGPP III) has been synthesized and enzymatically converted with six bacterial diterpene synthases; this allowed the isolation of nine unnatural diterpenes. For some of the enzyme-substrate combinations, the different reactivity implemented in the substrate analog iso-GGPP III opened reaction pathways that are not observed with natural GGPP, resulting in the formation of diterpenes with novel skeletons. A stereoselective deuteration strategy was used to assign the absolute configurations of the isolated diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Taizoumbe KA, Goldfuss B, Dickschat JS. The Diterpenoid Substrate Analogue 19-nor-GGPP Reveals Pronounced Methyl Group Effects in Diterpene Cyclisations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318375. [PMID: 38117607 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The substrate analogue 19-nor-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (19-nor-GGPP) was synthesised and incubated with 20 diterpene synthases, resulting in the formation of diterpenoids in all cases. A total of 23 different compounds were isolated from these enzyme reactions and structurally characterised, if possible including the experimental determination of absolute configurations through a stereoselective deuteration approach. In several cases the missing 19-Me group in the substrate analogue resulted in opening of completely new reaction paths towards compounds with novel skeletons. DFT calculations were applied to gain a deeper understanding of these observed methyl group effects in diterpene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizerbo A Taizoumbe
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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7
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Huang ZY, Taizoumbe KA, Liang C, Goldfuss B, Xu JH, Dickschat JS. Spiroluchuene A Synthase: A Cyclase from Aspergillus luchuensis Forming a Spirotetracyclic Diterpene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315659. [PMID: 37962519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The diterpene synthase AlTS was identified from Aspergillus luchuensis. AlTS catalyses the formation of the diterpene hydrocarbon spiroluchuene A, which exhibits a novel skeleton characterised by a spirocyclic ring system. The cyclisation mechanism towards this compound was elucidated through isotopic labelling experiments in conjunction with DFT calculations and metadynamic simulations. The biosynthetic intermediate luchudiene, besides the derivative spiroluchuene B, was captured from an enzyme variant obtained through site-directed mutagenesis. With its 10-membered ring luchudiene is structurally related to germacrenes and can undergo a Cope rearrangement to luchuelemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kizerbo A Taizoumbe
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chengqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jian-He Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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8
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Liu S, Lara D, Hai Y. Mining the noncanonical terpenome. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1440-1442. [PMID: 37968360 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Darwin Lara
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yang Hai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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9
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Gu B, Goldfuss B, Schnakenburg G, Dickschat JS. Subrutilane-A Hexacyclic Sesterterpene from Streptomyces subrutilus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313789. [PMID: 37846897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Mining of a terpene synthase from Streptomyces subrutilus resulted in the identification of the hexacyclic sesterterpene subrutilane, besides eight pentacyclic side products. Subrutilane represents the first case of a saturated sesterterpene hydrocarbon. Its structure, including the absolute configuration, was unambiguously determined through X-ray crystallographic analysis and stereoselective deuteration. The cyclisation mechanism to subrutilane and its side products was investigated in all detail by isotopic labelling experiments and DFT calculations. The subrutilane synthase (SrS) also converted (2Z)-GFPP into one major product. Additional compounds were obtained from the substrate analogues (7R)-6,7-dihydro-GFPP and (2Z,7R)-6,7-dihydro-GFPP with blocked reactivity at the C6-C7 bond. Interestingly, the early steps of the cyclisation cascade with (2Z)-GFPP and the saturated substrate analogues were analogous to those of GFPP, but then deviations from the natural cyclisation mode occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Gu
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Department for Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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10
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Yan C, Han W, Zhou Q, Niwa K, Tang MJ, Burch JE, Zhang Y, Delgadillo DA, Sun Z, Wu Z, Jacobsen SE, Nelson H, Houk KN, Tang Y. Genome Mining from Agriculturally Relevant Fungi Led to a d-Glucose Esterified Polyketide with a Terpene-like Core Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25080-25085. [PMID: 37948671 PMCID: PMC10682982 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Comparison of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) found in devastating plant pathogens and biocontrol fungi revealed an uncharacterized and conserved polyketide BGC. Genome mining identified the associated metabolite to be treconorin, which has a terpene-like, trans-fused 5,7-bicyclic core that is proposed to derive from a (4 + 3) cycloaddition. The core is esterified with d-glucose, which derives from the glycosidic cleavage of a trehalose ester precursor. This glycomodification strategy is different from the commonly observed glycosylation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Yan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wenyu Han
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qingyang Zhou
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kanji Niwa
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Melody J. Tang
- Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jessica E. Burch
- Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yalong Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David A. Delgadillo
- Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zuodong Sun
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhongshou Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven E. Jacobsen
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hosea Nelson
- Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular,
Cell, and Developmental Biology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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11
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the Press. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1590-1594. [PMID: 37792004 DOI: 10.1039/d3np90045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products, such as dysambiol from a Dysidea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hill
- School of Chemistry, Glasgow University, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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