1
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Zhang S, Fu L, Xie Y. Counterion Blockade in a Heterogeneously Charged Single-File Water Channel. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39262198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c03773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The Possion-Nernst-Planck theories fail to describe the ionic transport in Angstrom channels, where conduction deviates from Ohm's law, which is attributed to the dehydration/self-energy barrier and dissociation of Bjerrum ion pairs in previous work. Here, we find that the cations can be strongly bound to the surface charge, which blocks the ionic transport in a single-file water channel, causing nonlinear current-voltage curves. The presence of free ions significantly increases the probability of bound ions being released, resulting in an ionic current. We find that ionic conduction gradually becomes Ohmic as the surface charge density increases, but the conduction amplitude decreases due to the increased friction from the bound ions. We rationalize the ionic transport using 1D Kramers' escape theory framework, which describes nonlinear ionic current and the impact of surface charge density on the I-V curves. Our results show that the strong Coulomb interaction between the counterion and surface charge may cause ionic blockade in Angstrom channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Fu
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, ENTPE, LTDS, UMR5513, 69130 Ecully, France
| | - Yanbo Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design, School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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2
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Hoenig E, Han Y, Xu K, Li J, Wang M, Liu C. In situ generation of (sub) nanometer pores in MoS 2 membranes for ion-selective transport. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7911. [PMID: 39256368 PMCID: PMC11387774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion selective membranes are fundamental components of biological, energy, and computing systems. The fabrication of solid-state ultrathin membranes that can separate ions of similar size and the same charge with both high selectivity and permeance remains a challenge, however. Here, we present a method, utilizing the application of a remote electric field, to fabricate a high-density of (sub)nm pores in situ. This method takes advantage of the grain boundaries in few-layer polycrystalline MoS2 to enable the synthesis of nanoporous membranes with average pore size tunable from <1 to ~4 nm in diameter (with in situ pore expansion resolution of ~0.2 nm2 s-1). These membranes demonstrate selective transport of monovalent ions (K+, Na+ and Li+) as well as divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+), outperforming existing two-dimensional material nanoporous membranes that display similar total permeance. We investigate the mechanism of selectivity using molecular dynamics simulations and unveil that the interactions between cations and the sluggish water confined to the pore, as well as cation-anion interactions, result in the different transport behaviors observed between ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Hoenig
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yu Han
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Kangli Xu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jingyi Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mingzhan Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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3
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Gibby WAT, Barabash ML, Khovanov IA, Luchinsky DG, McClintock PVE. Ionic Coulomb blockade controls the current in a short narrow carbon nanotube. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054710. [PMID: 39092950 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate ionic conduction in a short, charged, single-wall carbon nanotube. They reveal ionic Coulomb blockade (ICB) oscillations in the current as a function of the fixed charge on the wall, and an associated occupancy staircase. Current peaks related to fluctuations around the 2 → 1 and 1 → 0 steps in occupancy are clearly resolved, in agreement with ICB theory. Current peaks were also observed at constant occupancy. These unpredicted secondary peaks are attributed to edge effects involving a remote knock-on mechanism; they are attenuated, or absent, for certain choices of model parameters. The key parameters of the system that underlie the current oscillations are estimated using ICB theory and the potential of the mean force. Future perspectives opened up by these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A T Gibby
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Miraslau L Barabash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Igor A Khovanov
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry G Luchinsky
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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4
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Li Y, Li Z, Misra RP, Liang C, Gillen AJ, Zhao S, Abdullah J, Laurence T, Fagan JA, Aluru N, Blankschtein D, Noy A. Molecular transport enhancement in pure metallic carbon nanotube porins. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1123-1130. [PMID: 38937586 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nanofluidic channels impose extreme confinement on water and ions, giving rise to unusual transport phenomena strongly dependent on the interactions at the channel-wall interface. Yet how the electronic properties of the nanofluidic channels influence transport efficiency remains largely unexplored. Here we measure transport through the inner pores of sub-1 nm metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotube porins. We find that water and proton transport are enhanced in metallic nanotubes over semiconducting nanotubes, whereas ion transport is largely insensitive to the nanotube bandgap value. Molecular simulations using polarizable force fields highlight the contributions of the anisotropic polarizability tensor of the carbon nanotubes to the ion-nanotube interactions and the water friction coefficient. We also describe the origin of the proton transport enhancement in metallic nanotubes using deep neural network molecular dynamics simulations. These results emphasize the complex role of the electronic properties of nanofluidic channels in modulating transport under extreme nanoscale confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chenxing Liang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alice J Gillen
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- Vivani Medical Inc., Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sidi Zhao
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- School of Engineering, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jobaer Abdullah
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ted Laurence
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Fagan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
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5
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Coquinot B, Kavokine N. Hydrodynamics beyond the wall. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:1021-1022. [PMID: 39090400 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Kavokine
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
- Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Shen X, Lu Q, Peng T, Zhang Y, Tan W, Yang Y, Tan J, Yuan Q. Bionic Potassium Ion Channel in Live Cells Repairs Cardiomyocyte Function. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19896-19908. [PMID: 38982560 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The disturbance of potassium current in cardiac myocytes caused by potassium channel dysfunction can lead to cardiac electrophysiological disorders, resulting in associated cardiovascular diseases. The emergence of artificial potassium ion channels opens up a way to replace dysfunctional natural ion channels and cure related diseases. However, bionic potassium ion channels have not been introduced into living cells to regulate cell function. One of the biggest challenges is that when the bionic channel fuses with the cell, it is difficult to control the inserting angle of the bionic potassium channel to ensure its penetration of the entire cell membrane. In nature, the extracellular vesicles can fuse with living cells with a completely preserved structure of vesicle protein. Inspired by this, we developed a vesicle fusion-based bionic porin (VFBP), which integrates bionic potassium ion channels into cardiomyocytes to replace damaged potassium ion channels. Theoretical and experimental results show that the inserted bionic ion channels have a potassium ion transport rate comparable to that of natural ion channels, which can restore the potassium ion outflow in cardiomyocytes and repair the abnormal action potential and excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the bionic potassium ion channel system based on membrane fusion is expected to become the research object in many fields such as ultrafast ion transport, transmembrane delivery, and channelopathies treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Shen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Tianhuan Peng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanbing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jie Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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7
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Xu G, Zhang M, Mei T, Liu W, Wang L, Xiao K. Nanofluidic Ionic Memristors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39022809 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms use ions and small molecules as information carriers to communicate with the external environment at ultralow power consumption. Inspired by biological systems, artificial ion-based devices have emerged in recent years to try to realize efficient information-processing paradigms. Nanofluidic ionic memristors, memory resistors based on confined fluidic systems whose internal ionic conductance states depend on the historical voltage, have attracted broad attention and are used as neuromorphic devices for computing. Despite their high exposure, nanofluidic ionic memristors are still in the initial stage. Therefore, systematic guidance for developing and reasonably designing ionic memristors is necessary. This review systematically summarizes the history, mechanisms, and potential applications of nanofluidic ionic memristors. The essential challenges in the field and the outlook for the future potential applications of nanofluidic ionic memristors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Miliang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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8
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Calegari Andrade MF, Aluru NR, Pham TA. Nonlinear Effects of Hydrophobic Confinement on the Electronic Structure and Dielectric Response of Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6872-6879. [PMID: 38934582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Fundamental studies of the dielectrics of confined water are critical to understand the ion transport across biological and synthetic nanochannels. The relevance of these fundamental studies, however, surmounts the difficulty of probing water's dielectric constant as a function of a fine variation in confinement. In this work, we explore the computational efficiency of machine learning potentials to derive the confinement effects on the dielectric constant, polarization, and dipole moment of water. Our simulations predict an enhancement of the axial dielectric constant of water under extreme confinement, arising from either the formation of ferroelectric structures of ordered water or larger dipole fluctuations facilitated by the disruption of water's H-bond network. Our study highlights the impact of hydrophobic nanoconfinement on the dielectric constant and on the ionic and electronic structure of water molecules, pointing to the importance of geometric flexibility and electronic polarizability to properly model confinement effects on water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos F Calegari Andrade
- Quantum Simulations Group, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - N R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Quantum Simulations Group, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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9
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Neklyudov V, Freger V. Ion Coupling, Bonding, and Transfer in Narrow Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402327. [PMID: 38881257 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Narrow carbon nanotubes (nCNT) are unique mimics of biological channels with water-ion selectivity attractive for applications such as water purification and osmotic energy harvesting, yet their understanding is still incomplete. Here, an ab initio computation is employed to develop the full picture of ion transfer in nCNT including specificity and coupling between ions. The thermodynamic costs of ion transfer are computed for single ions and ion pairs and used to evaluate different local coupling scenarios including strong (pairing) and weak (free-ion) coupling as well as "electroneutrality breakdown" (EB), possible for cations only due to their chemisorption-like interaction with nCNT. The results also indicate that nCNT behaves as a highly polarizable metal-like shell, which eliminates the dielectric energy when CNT accommodates coupled cation and anion. This allows facile computation and comparison of the full transfer costs, including translation entropy, for different ions in different coupling modes to identify the dominant regime. EB transfer appears most favorable for K+, while anions strongly favor transfer as pairs, except for chloride which favors weak coupling and, at neutral pH, transfers as a trace ion coupled to both cation and OH-. The results demonstrate that, in general, observed ion permeation and conduction in nCNT, especially for anions, reflect a complex ion-specific and composition-dependent interplay between different ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Neklyudov
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Viatcheslav Freger
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion - IIT, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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10
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Gunawan VH, Schäfer M, Weitzel KM. Manifestation of site energy landscapes for ion transport in borate glasses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14430-14439. [PMID: 38713019 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00262h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The potential energy landscape of lithium borate glass of composition Li3B7O12 has been investigated by the charge attachment induced transport (CAIT) technique. Here, native lithium ions have been replaced by foreign alkali ions, M+ = K+, Rb+, Cs+. All experiments exhibit a pronounced decrease of native ion diffusion coefficients over more than 4 orders of magnitude with decreasing local population of Li+. The energy landscape is modelled by a site energy distribution (SED) with a concentration dependent Fermi energy of the native Li+ ions. The width of the populated part of the SED is found to be 250 meV (FWHM). The conclusion is made possible by a combination of a macroscopic ion replacement experiment with a Nernst-Planck-Poisson modelling of concentration depth profiles measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Possible generalizations of macroscopic transport theory to match an Onsager ansatz are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Gunawan
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Chemistry Department, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Chemistry Department, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Karl-Michael Weitzel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Chemistry Department, Hans-Meerwein Str. 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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11
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Lau AWC, Sokoloff JB. Simple Mechanism for the Observed Breakdown of the Nernst-Einstein Relation for Ions in Carbon Nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:194001. [PMID: 38804917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.194001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a simple mechanism that explains the recent experimental observation of the breakdown of the Nernst-Einstein (NE) relation for an ion moving in a carbon nanotube of subnanometer diameter. We argue that the friction acting on the ion is largely independent of the ion velocity, i.e., dry friction, and demonstrate, based on the Langevin equation for a particle subject to both dry and viscous friction, that the NE relation is violated when dry friction dominates. We predict that the ratio of the diffusion constant to the mobility of the ion is a few orders of magnitude smaller than the value predicted by the NE relation, in quantitative agreement with experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W C Lau
- Department of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
| | - J B Sokoloff
- Department of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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12
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Emmerich T, Teng Y, Ronceray N, Lopriore E, Chiesa R, Chernev A, Artemov V, Di Ventra M, Kis A, Radenovic A. Nanofluidic logic with mechano-ionic memristive switches. NATURE ELECTRONICS 2024; 7:271-278. [PMID: 38681725 PMCID: PMC11045460 DOI: 10.1038/s41928-024-01137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuromorphic systems are typically based on nanoscale electronic devices, but nature relies on ions for energy-efficient information processing. Nanofluidic memristive devices could thus potentially be used to construct electrolytic computers that mimic the brain down to its basic principles of operation. Here we report a nanofluidic device that is designed for circuit-scale in-memory processing. The device, which is fabricated using a scalable process, combines single-digit nanometric confinement and large entrance asymmetry and operates on the second timescale with a conductance ratio in the range of 9 to 60. In operando optical microscopy shows that the memory capabilities are due to the reversible formation of liquid blisters that modulate the conductance of the device. We use these mechano-ionic memristive switches to assemble logic circuits composed of two interactive devices and an ohmic resistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Emmerich
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yunfei Teng
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- NCCR Bio-Inspired Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Ronceray
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Lopriore
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering & Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Chiesa
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering & Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrey Chernev
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasily Artemov
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andras Kis
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures, Institute of Electrical and Microengineering & Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- NCCR Bio-Inspired Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Wang M, Xiong Q, Wang M, Lewis NHC, Ying D, Yan G, Hoenig E, Han Y, Lee OS, Peng G, Zhou H, Schatz GC, Liu C. Lanthanide transport in angstrom-scale MoS 2-based two-dimensional channels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh1330. [PMID: 38489373 PMCID: PMC10942105 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs), critical to modern industry, are difficult to separate and purify, given their similar physicochemical properties originating from the lanthanide contraction. Here, we systematically study the transport of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) in artificially confined angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels using MoS2-based building blocks in an aqueous environment. The results show that the uptake and permeability of Ln3+ assume a well-defined volcano shape peaked at Sm3+. This transport behavior is rooted from the tradeoff between the barrier for dehydration and the strength of interactions of lanthanide ions in the confinement channels, reminiscent of the Sabatier principle. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that Sm3+, with moderate hydration free energy and intermediate affinity for channel interaction, exhibit the smallest dehydration degree, consequently resulting in the highest permeability. Our work not only highlights the distinct mass transport properties under extreme confinement but also demonstrates the potential of dialing confinement dimension and chemistry for greener REEs separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qinsi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maoyu Wang
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas H. C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dongchen Ying
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gangbin Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eli Hoenig
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - One-Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Guiming Peng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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14
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Xu D, Yan M, Xie Y. Energy harvesting from water streaming at charged surface. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:244-265. [PMID: 37948329 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Water flowing at a charged surface may produce electricity, known as streaming current/potentials, which may be traced back to the 19th century. However, due to the low gained power and efficiencies, the energy conversion from streaming current was far from usable. The emergence of micro/nanofluidic technology and nanomaterials significantly increases the power (density) and energy conversion efficiency. In this review, we conclude the fundamentals and recent progress in electrical double layers at the charged surface. We estimate the generated power by hydrodynamic energy dissipation in multi-scaling flows considering the viscous systems with slipping boundary and inertia systems. Then, we review the coupling of volume flow and current flow by the Onsager relation, as well as the figure of merits and efficiency. We summarize the state-of-the-art of electrokinetic energy conversions, including critical performance metrics such as efficiencies, power densities, and generated voltages in various systems. We discuss the advantages and possible constraints by the figure of merits, including single-phase flow and flying droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
- School of Aeronautics and Institute of Extreme Mechanics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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15
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Luo S, Misra RP, Blankschtein D. Water Electric Field Induced Modulation of the Wetting of Hexagonal Boron Nitride: Insights from Multiscale Modeling of Many-Body Polarization. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1629-1646. [PMID: 38169482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of water contacting two-dimensional materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), is important in practical applications, including seawater desalination and energy harvesting. Water, being a polar solvent, can strongly polarize the hBN surface via the electric fields that it generates. However, there is a lack of molecular-level understanding about the role of polarization effects at the hBN/water interface, including its effect on the wetting properties of water. In this study, we develop a theoretical framework that introduces an all-atomistic polarizable force field to accurately model the interactions of water molecules with hBN surfaces. The force field is then utilized to self-consistently describe the water-induced polarization of hBN using the classical Drude oscillator model, including predicting the hBN-water binding energies which are found to be in excellent agreement with diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) predictions. By carrying out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we demonstrate that the polarizable force field yields a water contact angle on multilayered hBN which is in close agreement with the recent experimentally reported values. Conversely, an implicit modeling of the hBN-water polarization energy utilizing a Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, a commonly utilized approximation in previous MD simulation studies, leads to a considerably lower water contact angle. This difference in the predicted contact angles is attributed to the significant energy-entropy compensation resulting from the incorporation of polarization effects at the hBN-water interface. Our work highlights the importance of self-consistently modeling the hBN-water polarization energy and offers insights into the wetting-related interfacial phenomena of water on polarizable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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16
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Wang LX, Huang SL, Wu P, Liu XR, Sun C, Kang B, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Tracking Ion Transport in Nanochannels via Transient Single-Particle Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315805. [PMID: 37973617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The transport behavior of ions in the nanopores has an important impact on the performance of the electrochemical devices. Although the classical Transmission-Line (TL) model has long been used to describe ion transport in pores, the boundary conditions for the applicability of the TL model remain controversial. Here, we investigated the transport kinetics of different ions, within nanochannels of different lengths, by using transient single-particle imaging with temporal resolution up to microseconds. We found that the ion transport kinetics within short nanochannels may deviate significantly from the TL model. The reason is that the ion transport under nanoconfinement is composed of multi basic stages, and the kinetics differ much under different stage domination. With the shortening of nanochannels, the electrical double layer (EDL) formation would become the "rate-determining step" and dominate the apparent ion kinetics. Our results imply that using the TL model directly and treating the in-pore mobility as an unchanged parameter to estimate the ion transport kinetics in short nanopores/nanochannels may lead to orders of magnitude bias. These findings may advance the understanding of the nanoconfined ion transport and promote the related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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17
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Li Z, Florian M, Datta K, Jiang Z, Borsch M, Wen Q, Kira M, Deotare PB. Enhanced Exciton Drift Transport through Suppressed Diffusion in One-Dimensional Guides. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22410-22417. [PMID: 37874891 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Drift-diffusion dynamics is investigated in a one-dimensional (1D) exciton guide at room temperature. Spatial engineering of the exciton energy in a WSe2 monolayer is achieved using local strain to confine and direct exciton transport. An unexpected and massive deviation from the Einstein relation is observed and correlated to exciton capture by defects. We find that the capture reduces exciton temperature and diffusion so much that drift transport visibility improves to 38% as excitons traverse asymmetrically over regions with occupied defect states. Based on measurements over multiple potential gradients, we estimate the exciton mobility to be 169 ± 39 cm2/(eV s) at room temperature. Experiments at elevated exciton densities reveal that the exciton drift velocity monotonically increases with exciton density, unlike exciton mobility, due to contributions from nonequilibrium many-body effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthias Florian
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kanak Datta
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhaohan Jiang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Markus Borsch
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qiannan Wen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mack Kira
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Parag B Deotare
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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18
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Chen J, Qiu Z, Huang J. Structure and Dynamics of Confined Water Inside Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42936-42950. [PMID: 38024738 PMCID: PMC10652825 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diphenylalanine (FF) peptides exhibit a unique ability to self-assemble into nanotubes with confined water molecules playing pivotal roles in their structure and function. This study investigates the structure and dynamics of diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes (FFPNTs) using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo combined with MD (GCMC/MD) simulations with both the CHARMM additive and Drude polarizable force fields. The occupancy and dynamics of confined water molecules were also examined. It was found that less than 2 confined water molecules per FF help stabilize the FFPNTs on the x-y plane. Analyses of the kinetics of confined water molecules revealed distinctive transport behaviors for bound and free water, and their respective diffusion coefficients were compared. Our results validate the importance of polarizable force field models in studying peptide nanotubes and provide insights into our understanding of nanoconfined water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Chen
- College
of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Key
Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life
Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Westlake
AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory
of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zongyang Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life
Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Westlake
AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory
of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life
Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Westlake
AI Therapeutics Lab, Westlake Laboratory
of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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19
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Dick L, Kirchner B. CONAN─Novel Tool to Create and Analyze Liquids in Confined Space. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6706-6716. [PMID: 37907068 PMCID: PMC10649805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of complex liquids at solid surfaces and in confinement is gaining attention due to an increase in computer power and advancement of simulation techniques. Therefore, tools to set up structures and for analysis are needed. In this paper, we present CONAN─a Python code designed to facilitate the study of liquids interacting with solid structures, such as walls or pores. Among other things, the program provides the option to generate a variety of different structures, including carbon walls and nanotubes and their boron nitride analogs, as well as the ability to analyze various structural properties of confined and interfacial liquids. In the case of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate in carbon nanotubes of different sizes, we demonstrate the abilities of our tool. The average density within the confinement highly depends on the carbon nanotube size, and it is generally lower than the density of the bulk liquid. The arrangement of the individual species within the tube also depends on size, with radial layers forming within the tubular confinement. The density is largely increased in the respective layers, while it is drastically reduced between the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Dick
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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20
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Gao Y, Li M, Zhan C, Zhang H, Yin M, Lu W, Xu B. A Nanoconfined Water-Ion Coordination Network for Flexible Energy-Dissipation Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303759. [PMID: 37410996 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Water-ion interaction in a nanoconfined environment that deeply constrains spatial freedoms of local atomistic motion with unconventional coupling mechanisms beyond that in a free, bulk state is essential to spark designs of a broad spectrum of nanofluidic devices with unique properties and functionalities. Here, it is reported that the interaction between ions and water molecules in a hydrophobic nanopore forms a coordination network with an interaction density that is nearly fourfold that of the bulk counterpart. Such strong interaction facilitates the connectivity of the water-ion network and is uncovered by corroborating the formation of ion clusters and the reduction of particle dynamics. A liquid-nanopore energy-dissipation system is designed and demonstrated in both molecular simulations and experiments that the formed coordination network controls the outflow of confined electrolytes along with a pressure reduction, capable of providing flexible protection for personnel and devices and instrumentations against external mechanical impact and attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chi Zhan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Mengtian Yin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Weiyi Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Baoxing Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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21
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Zhao Y, Yang K, Su J. Effect of terahertz electromagnetic field on single-file water transport through a carbon nanotube. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25659-25669. [PMID: 37721212 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement in terahertz technology, the terahertz electromagnetic field has been proven to be an effective strategy to tune the nanofluidic transport. In this study, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to systematically analyze the transport of single-file water through a carbon nanotube (CNT) under terahertz electromagnetic fields, focusing on the CNT length, field strength, polarization direction and frequency. Strikingly, with the increase in field strength, the water flow exhibits a transition from normal to super permeation states because of the resonance effect, and the threshold field shifts to low values for long CNTs. The field component parallel to the CNT axis contributes to the resonance effect and increasing water flow, but the vertical component maintains the structure of the single-file water chain and even impedes the water flow. As a result, for a continuous change of field direction, the water flow changes from super permeation to normal states. With the increase in field frequency, the water flow also changes from super permeation to normal or even frozen states, where a higher frequency is required to trigger the super permeation states for lower field strength. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the effect of terahertz electromagnetic field on the transport of single-file water chains and should have great implications for designing novel nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Zhao
- GBA Branch of Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Quantum Electromagnetics, Guangzhou 510700, China.
| | - Keda Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jiaye Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Tu B, Cao Z, Fang M, Zhang G, Yang J, Ying Y, Sun Z, Hou J, Fang Q, Tang Z, Li L. Anomalous Mechanical and Electrical Interplay in a Covalent Organic Framework Monolayer Membrane. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17786-17794. [PMID: 37537964 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion transport through nanoconfinement, driven by both electrical and mechanical forces, has drawn ever-increasing attention, due to its high similarity to stress-sensitive ion channels in biological systems. Previous studies have reported only pressure-induced enhancement in ion conductance in low-permeable systems such as nanotubes, nanoslits, or single nanopores. This enhancement is generally explained by the ion accumulation caused by the capacitive effect in low-permeable systems. Here, we fabricate a highly permeable COF monolayer membrane to investigate ion transport behavior driven by both electrical and mechanical forces. Our results show an anomalous conductance reduction activated by external mechanical force, which is contrary to the capacitive effect-dominated conductance enhancement observed in low-permeable nanopores or channels. Through simulations, we uncovered a distinct electrical-mechanical interplay mechanism that depends on the relative rate between the ion diffusion from the boundary layer to the membrane surface and the ion transport through the membrane. The high pore density of the COF monolayer membrane reduces the charge accumulation caused by the capacitive effect, resulting in fewer accumulated ions near the membrane surface. Additionally, the high membrane permeability greatly accelerates the dissipation of the accumulated ions under mechanical pressure, weakening the effect of the capacitive layer on the streaming current. As a result, the ions accumulated on the electrodes, rather than in the capacitive layer, dominating the streaming current and giving rise to a distinct electrical-mechanical interplay mechanism compared to that in low-permeable nanopores or channels. Our study provides new insights into the interplay between electrical and mechanical forces in ultra-permeable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhouwen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Munan Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junjun Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lianshan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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23
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Aluru NR, Aydin F, Bazant MZ, Blankschtein D, Brozena AH, de Souza JP, Elimelech M, Faucher S, Fourkas JT, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Kulik HJ, Li HK, Li Y, Li Z, Majumdar A, Martis J, Misra RP, Noy A, Pham TA, Qu H, Rayabharam A, Reed MA, Ritt CL, Schwegler E, Siwy Z, Strano MS, Wang Y, Yao YC, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2737-2831. [PMID: 36898130 PMCID: PMC10037271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water-energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Fikret Aydin
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Archith Rayabharam
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine92697, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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Kavokine N. When ions break the law. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:102-103. [PMID: 36585517 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kavokine
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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