Microcomb-driven silicon photonic systems

Near-Sensor Edge Computing System Enabled by a CMOS Compatible Photonic Integrated Circuit Platform Using Bilayer AlN/Si Waveguides

The rise of large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and autonomous vehicle systems, has significantly advanced the boundaries of AI, enabling highly complex tasks in natural language processing, image recognition, and real-time decision-making. However, these models demand immense computational power and are often centralized, relying on cloud-based architectures with inherent limitations in latency, privacy, and energy efficiency. To address these challenges and bring AI closer to real-world applications, such as wearable health monitoring, robotics, and immersive virtual environments, innovative hardware solutions are urgently needed. This work introduces a near-sensor edge computing (NSEC) system, built on a bilayer AlN/Si waveguide platform, to provide real-time, energy-efficient AI capabilities at the edge. Leveraging the electro-optic properties of AlN microring resonators for photonic feature extraction, coupled with Si-based thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers for neural network computations, the system represents a transformative approach to AI hardware design. Demonstrated through multimodal gesture and gait analysis, the NSEC system achieves high classification accuracies of 96.77% for gestures and 98.31% for gaits, ultra-low latency (< 10 ns), and minimal energy consumption (< 0.34 pJ). This groundbreaking system bridges the gap between AI models and real-world applications, enabling efficient, privacy-preserving AI solutions for healthcare, robotics, and next-generation human-machine interfaces, marking a pivotal advancement in edge computing and AI deployment.

A 3.584 Tbps coherent receiver chip on InP-LiNbO3 wafer-level integration platform

The rapid advancement of the thin-film lithium niobate (LiNbO3) platform has established it as a premier choice for high-performance photonics integrated circuits. However, the scalability and cost-efficiency of this platform are hindered by the reliance on chip-level fabrication and integration for passive and active components, necessitating a robust wafer-level LiNbO3 heterogeneous integration platform. Despite its critical role in enabling ultrahigh-speed optical interconnects, as well as optical mmWave/THz sensing and communication, the realization of ultrahigh-speed photodiodes and optical coherent receivers on the LiNbO₃ platform remains an unresolved challenge. This is primarily due to the challenges associated with the large-scale integration of direct-bandgap materials. To address these challenges, we have developed a scalable, high-speed InP-LiNbO₃ wafer-level heterogeneous integration platform. This platform facilitates the fabrication of ultrahigh-speed photodiodes with a bandwidth of 140 GHz, capable of receiving high-quality 100-Gbaud pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signals. Moreover, we demonstrate a seven-channel, single-polarization I-Q coherent receiver chip with an aggregate receiving capacity of 3.584 Tbit s-1. This coherent receiver exhibits a balanced detection bandwidth of 60 GHz and a common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) exceeding 20 dB. It achieves receiving capacities of 600 Gbit s-1 λ-1 with a 100-Gbaud 64-QAM signal and 512 Gbit s-1 λ-1 with a 128-Gbaud 16-QAM signal. Furthermore, energy consumption as low as 9.6 fJ bit-1 and 13.5 fJ bit-1 is achieved for 200 Gbit s-1 and 400 Gbit s-1 capacities, respectively. Our work provides a viable pathway toward enabling Pbps hyperscale data center interconnects, as well as optical mmWave/THz sensing and communication.

Multi-wavelength optical information processing with deep reinforcement learning

Multi-wavelength optical information processing systems are commonly utilized in optical neural networks and broadband signal processing. However, their effectiveness is often compromised by frequency-selective responses caused by fabrication, transmission, and environmental factors. To mitigate these issues, this study introduces a deep reinforcement learning calibration (DRC) method inspired by the deep deterministic policy gradient training strategy. This method continuously and autonomously learns from the system, effectively accumulating experiential knowledge for calibration strategies and demonstrating superior adaptability compared to traditional methods. In systems based on dispersion compensating fiber, micro-ring resonator array, and Mach-Zehnder interferometer array that use multi-wavelength optical carriers as the light source, the DRC method enables the completion of the corresponding signal processing functions within 21 iterations. This method provides efficient and accurate control, making it suitable for applications such as optical convolution computation acceleration, microwave photonic signal processing, and optical network routing.

Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect

The escalating demands of compute-intensive applications urgently necessitate the adoption of optical interconnect technologies to overcome bottlenecks in scaling computing systems. This requires fully exploiting the inherent parallelism of light across scalable dimensions for data loading. Here we experimentally demonstrate a synergy of wavelength- and mode- multiplexing combined with high-order modulation formats to achieve multi-tens-of-terabits-per-second optical interconnects using foundry-compatible silicon photonic circuits. Implementing an edge-guided analog-and-digital optimization method that integrates high efficiency with fabrication robustness, we achieve the inverse design of mode multiplexers based on digital metamaterial waveguides. Furthermore, we employ a packaged five-mode multiplexing chip, achieving a single-wavelength interconnect capacity of 1.62 Tbit s-1 and a record-setting multi-dimensional interconnect capacity of 38.2 Tbit s-1 across 5 modes and 88 wavelength channels, with high-order formats up to 8-ary pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM). This study highlights the transformative potential of optical interconnect technologies to surmount the constraints of electronic links, thus setting the stage for next-generation datacenter and optical compute interconnects.

Broadband microwave-rate dark pulse microcombs in dissipation-engineered LiNbO3 microresonators

Kerr microcombs generated in optical microresonators provide broadband light sources bridging optical and microwave signals. Their translation to thin-film lithium niobate unlocks second-order nonlinear optical interfaces such as electro-optic modulation and frequency doubling for completing comb functionalities. However, the strong Raman response of LiNbO3 has complicated the formation of Kerr microcombs. Until now, dark pulse microcombs, requiring a double balance between Kerr nonlinearity and normal group velocity dispersion as well as gain and loss, have remained elusive in LiNbO3 microresonators. Here, by incorporating dissipation engineering, we demonstrate dark pulse microcombs with 25 GHz repetition frequency and 200 nm span in a high-Q LiNbO3 microresonator. Resonances near the Raman-active wavelengths are strongly damped by controlling phase-matching conditions of a specially designed pulley coupler. The coherence and tunability of the dark pulse microcombs are also investigated. Our work provides a solution to realize high-power microcombs operating at microwave rates on LiNbO3 chips, promising new opportunities for the monolithic integration of applications spanning communication to microwave photonics.

Analog parallel processor for broadband multifunctional integrated system based on silicon photonic platform

Sharing the hardware platform between diverse information systems to establish full cooperation among different functionalities has attracted substantial attention. However, broadband multifunctional integrated systems with large operating frequency ranges are challenging due to the bandwidth and computing speed restrictions of electronic circuitry. Here, we report an analog parallel processor (APP) based on the silicon photonic platform that directly discretizes and parallelizes the broadband signal in the analog domain. The APP first discretizes the signal with the optical frequency comb and then adopts optical dynamic phase interference to reassign the analog signal into 2N parallel sequences. Via photonic analog parallelism, data rate and data volume in each sequence are simultaneously compressed, which mitigates the requirement on each parallel computing core. Moreover, the fusion of the outputs from each computing core is equivalent to directly processing broadband signals. In the proof-of-concept experiment, two-channel analog parallel processing of broadband radar signals and high-speed communication signals is implemented on the single photonic integrated circuit. The bandwidth of broadband radar signal is 6 GHz and the range resolution of 2.69 cm is achieved. The wireless communication rate of 8 Gbit/s is also validated. Breaking the bandwidth and speed limitations of the single-computing core along with further exploring the multichannel potential of this architecture, we anticipate that the proposed APP will accelerate the development of powerful opto-electronic processors as critical support for applications such as satellite networks and intelligent driving.

Self-Organized Protonic Conductive Nanochannel Arrays for Ultra-High-Density Data Storage

While the highest-performing memristors currently available offer superior storage density and energy efficiency, their large-scale integration is hindered by the random distribution of filaments and nonuniform resistive switching in memory cells. Here, we demonstrate the self-organized synthesis of a type of two-dimensional protonic coordination polymers with high crystallinity and porosity. Hydrogen-bond networks containing proton carriers along its nanochannels enable uniform resistive switching down to the subnanoscale range. Leveraging such nanochannel arrays, we achieve logic operations of graphical gate circuits with negligible leakage and sneak path currents over areas ranging from 0.5 μm × 0.5 μm to 20 nm × 20 nm, providing the smallest building blocks to date for large-scale integration. The nonvolatile resistive switching exhibits high mobility (∼0.309 cm2 V-1 s-1), a large on/off ratio (∼103), and ultrahigh-density data storage (∼645 Tbit/in2), even within a trilayer (∼4.01 nm). An ultrahigh-precision artificial retina with integrated convolutional neural network calculations is demonstrated, enabling facial and color recognition capabilities.

Versatile parallel signal processing with a scalable silicon photonic chip

Silicon photonic signal processors promise a new generation of signal processing hardware with significant advancements in processing bandwidth, low power consumption, and minimal latency. Programmable silicon photonic signal processors, facilitated by tuning elements, can reduce hardware development cycles and costs. However, traditional programmable photonic signal processors based on optical switches face scalability and performance challenges due to control complexity and transmission losses. Here, we propose a scalable parallel signal processor on silicon for versatile applications by interleaving wavelength and temporal optical dimensions. Additionally, it incorporates ultra-low-loss waveguides and low-phase-error optical switch techniques, achieving an overall insertion loss of 10 dB. This design offers low loss, high scalability, and simplified control, enabling advanced functionalities such as accurate microwave reception, narrowband microwave photonic filtering, wide-bandwidth arbitrary waveform generation, and high-speed parallel optical computing without the need for tuning elements calibration. Our programmable parallel signal processor demonstrates advantages in both scale and performance, marking a significant advancement in large-scale, high-performance, multifunctional photonic systems.

Metrology with a twist: probing and sensing with vortex light

Optical metrology is a well-established subject, dating back to early interferometry techniques utilizing light's linear momentum through fringes. In recent years, significant interest has arisen in using vortex light with orbital angular momentum (OAM), where the phase twists around a singular vortex in space or time. This has expanded metrology's boundaries to encompass highly sensitive chiral interactions between light and matter, three-dimensional motion detection via linear and rotational Doppler effects, and modal approaches surpassing the resolution limit for improved profiling and quantification. The intricate structure of vortex light, combined with the integration of artificial intelligence into optical metrology, unlocks new paradigms for expanding measurement frameworks through additional degrees of freedom, offering the potential for more efficient and accurate sensing and metrological advancements. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances and future trends in optical metrology with structured light, specifically focusing on how utilizing vortex beams has revolutionized metrology and remote sensing, transitioning from classical to quantum approaches.

On chip control and detection of complex SPP and waveguide modes based on plasmonic interconnect circuits

Optical interconnects, leveraging surface plasmon modes, are revolutionizing high-performance computing and AI, overcoming the limitations of electrical interconnects in speed, energy efficiency, and miniaturization. These nanoscale photonic circuits integrate on-chip light manipulation and signal conversion, marking significant advancements in optoelectronics and data processing efficiency. Here, we present a novel plasmonic interconnect circuit, by introducing refractive index matching layer, the device supports both pure SPP and different hybrid modes, allowing selective excitation and transmission based on light wavelength and polarization, followed by photocurrent conversion. We optimized the coupling gratings to fine-tune transmission modes around specific near-infrared wavelengths for effective electrical detection. Simulation results align with experimental data, confirming the device's ability to detect complex optical modes. This advancement broadens the applications of plasmonic interconnects in high-speed, compact optoelectronic and sensor technologies, enabling more versatile nanoscale optical signal processing and transmission.

Efficient microresonator frequency combs

The rapid development of optical frequency combs from their table-top origins towards chip-scale platforms has opened up exciting possibilities for comb functionalities outside laboratories. Enhanced nonlinear processes in microresonators have emerged as a mainstream comb-generating mechanism with compelling advantages in size, weight, and power consumption. The established understanding of gain and loss in nonlinear microresonators, along with recently developed ultralow-loss nonlinear photonic circuitry, has boosted the optical energy conversion efficiency of microresonator frequency comb (microcomb) devices from below a few percent to above 50%. This review summarizes the latest advances in novel photonic devices and pumping strategies that contribute to these milestones of microcomb efficiency. The resulting benefits for high-performance integration of comb applications are also discussed before summarizing the remaining challenges.

Narrow-bandwidth silicon photonic CROW filter for carrier-extracted self-coherent (CESC) detection

In this Letter, we report a second-order silicon photonic (SiP) coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) filter with an ultra-narrow 10-dB bandwidth of 1.75 GHz and a high extinction ratio (ER) of ∼50 dB. By utilizing this CROW filter, we demonstrated an innovative self-coherent detection, called carrier-extracted self-coherent (CESC) detection. By effectively suppressing signal components with the narrow-bandwidth CROW, full-field recovery can be achieved without expensive coherent lasers and sophisticated iteration algorithms. The performance of the CROW filter-based CESC system was further experimentally verified by retrieving 100 Gb/s QPSK signals.

High-coherence parallelization in integrated photonics

Coherent optics has profoundly impacted diverse applications ranging from communications, LiDAR to quantum computations. However, developing coherent systems in integrated photonics comes at great expense in hardware integration and energy efficiency. Here we demonstrate a high-coherence parallelization strategy for advanced integrated coherent systems at minimal cost. By using a self-injection locked microcomb to injection lock distributed feedback lasers, we achieve a record high on-chip gain of 60 dB with no degradation in coherence. This strategy enables highly coherent channels with linewidths down to 10 Hz and power over 20 dBm. The overall electrical-to-optical efficiency reaches 19%, comparable to that of advanced semiconductor lasers. This method supports a silicon photonic communication link with an unprecedented data rate beyond 60 Tbit/s and reduces phase-related DSP consumption by 99.99999% compared to traditional III-V laser pump schemes. This work paves the way for realizing scalable, high-performance coherent integrated photonic systems, potentially benefiting numerous applications.

Octave-spanning Kerr soliton frequency combs in dispersion- and dissipation-engineered lithium niobate microresonators

Dissipative Kerr solitons from optical microresonators, commonly referred to as soliton microcombs, have been developed for a broad range of applications, including precision measurement, optical frequency synthesis, and ultra-stable microwave and millimeter wave generation, all on a chip. An important goal for microcombs is self-referencing, which requires octave-spanning bandwidths to detect and stabilize the comb carrier envelope offset frequency. Further, detection and locking of the comb spacings are often achieved using frequency division by electro-optic modulation. The thin-film lithium niobate photonic platform, with its low loss, strong second- and third-order nonlinearities, as well as large Pockels effect, is ideally suited for these tasks. However, octave-spanning soliton microcombs are challenging to demonstrate on this platform, largely complicated by strong Raman effects hindering reliable fabrication of soliton devices. Here, we demonstrate entirely connected and octave-spanning soliton microcombs on thin-film lithium niobate. With appropriate control over microresonator free spectral range and dissipation spectrum, we show that soliton-inhibiting Raman effects are suppressed, and soliton devices are fabricated with near-unity yield. Our work offers an unambiguous method for soliton generation on strongly Raman-active materials. Further, it anticipates monolithically integrated, self-referenced frequency standards in conjunction with established technologies, such as periodically poled waveguides and electro-optic modulators, on thin-film lithium niobate.

Intensity noise reduction in quantum dot comb laser by lower external carrier fluctuations

This work investigates the impact of carrier noise induced by an external current source on the linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) and relative intensity noise (RIN) of a 100 GHz quantum dot fourth-order colliding-pulse mode-locked laser (MLL), driven by a normal pump with Gaussian-distributed carrier sequences and a quiet pump with sub-Poissonian-distributed carrier sequences. The results indicate that under a normal pump, the LEFs are approximately zero for reverse saturable absorber (SA) bias voltages ranging from 0 to 2.5 V, and the laser achieves a RIN as low as -156 dB/Hz. When using a quiet pump, both the LEF and RIN are reduced across all SA bias conditions, particularly at low reverse SA bias voltages. Specifically, the LEF decreases by up to 0.58 at 0 V, and the average RIN spectrum is reduced by more than 3 dB at the same voltage. This work provides a straightforward approach for the development and optimization of multi-channel light sources for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technologies with low optical noise.

Intensity-Product-Based Optical Sensing to Beat the Diffraction Limit in an Interferometer

The classically defined minimum uncertainty of the optical phase is known as the standard quantum limit or shot-noise limit (SNL), originating in the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. Based on the SNL, the phase sensitivity is inversely proportional to K, where K is the number of interfering photons or statistically measured events. Thus, using a high-power laser is advantageous to enhance sensitivity due to the K gain in the signal-to-noise ratio. In a typical interferometer, however, the resolution remains in the diffraction limit of the K = 1 case unless the interfering photons are resolved as in quantum sensing. Here, a projection measurement method in quantum sensing is adapted for classical sensing to achieve an additional K gain in the resolution. To understand the projection measurements, several types of conventional interferometers based on N-wave interference are coherently analyzed as a classical reference and numerically compared with the proposed method. As a result, the Kth-order intensity product applied to the N-wave spectrometer exceeds the diffraction limit in classical sensing and the Heisenberg limit in quantum sensing, where the classical N-slit system inherently satisfies the Heisenberg limit of π/N in resolution.

Nonlinear photonics on integrated platforms

Nonlinear photonics has unveiled new avenues for applications in metrology, spectroscopy, and optical communications. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrated platforms, attributed to their fundamental benefits, including compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes, reduced power consumption, compactness, and cost-effectiveness. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the key nonlinear effects and material properties utilized in integrated platforms. It discusses the applications and significant achievements in supercontinuum generation, a key nonlinear phenomenon. Additionally, the evolution of chip-based optical frequency combs is reviewed, highlighting recent pivotal works across four main categories. The paper also examines the recent advances in on-chip switching, computing, signal processing, microwave generation, and quantum applications. Finally, it provides perspectives on the development and challenges of nonlinear photonics in integrated platforms, offering insights into future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

Electro-optically tunable optical delay on a lithium niobate photonic chip

An approach for continuous tuning of on-chip optical delay with a microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated. By introducing an electro-optically tunable waveguide coupler, the bus waveguide to the resonance coupling can be effectively tuned from the under-coupling regime to the over-coupling regime. The optical delay is experimentally characterized by measuring the relative phase shift between lasers and shows a large dynamic range of delay from -600 to 600 ps and an efficient tuning of delay from -430 to -180 ps and from 40 to 240 ps by only a 5 V voltage.

A programmable topological photonic chip

Controlling topological phases of light allows the observation of abundant topological phenomena and the development of robust photonic devices. The prospect of more sophisticated control with topological photonic devices for practical implementations requires high-level programmability. Here we demonstrate a fully programmable topological photonic chip with large-scale integration of silicon photonic nanocircuits and microresonators. Photonic artificial atoms and their interactions in our compound system can be individually addressed and controlled, allowing the arbitrary adjustment of structural parameters and geometrical configurations for the observation of dynamic topological phase transitions and diverse photonic topological insulators. Individual programming of artificial atoms on the generic chip enables the comprehensive statistical characterization of topological robustness against relatively weak disorders, and counterintuitive topological Anderson phase transitions induced by strong disorders. This generic topological photonic chip can be rapidly reprogrammed to implement multifunctionalities, providing a flexible and versatile platform for applications across fundamental science and topological technologies.

Parametric interaction of laser cavity-solitons with an external CW pump

We study the interaction of a laser cavity-soliton microcomb with an externally coupled, co-propagating tunable CW pump, observing parametric Kerr interactions which lead to the formation of both a cross-phase modulation and a four-wave mixing replica of the laser cavity-soliton. We compare and explain the dependence of the microcomb spectra from both the cavity-soliton and pump parameters, demonstrating the ability to adjust the microcomb externally without breaking or interfering with the soliton state. The parametric nature of the process agrees with numerical simulations. The parametric extended state maintains the typical robustness of laser-cavity solitons.

Integrated and DC-powered superconducting microcomb

Frequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.

Towards large-scale programmable silicon photonic chip for signal processing

Optical signal processing has been playing a crucial part as powerful engine for various information systems in the practical applications. In particular, achieving large-scale programmable chips for signal processing are highly desirable for high flexibility, low cost and powerful processing. Silicon photonics, which has been developed successfully in the past decade, provides a promising option due to its unique advantages. Here, recent progress of large-scale programmable silicon photonic chip for signal processing in microwave photonics, optical communications, optical computing, quantum photonics as well as dispersion controlling are reviewed. Particularly, we give a discussion about the realization of high-performance building-blocks, including ultra-low-loss silicon photonic waveguides, 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder switches and microring resonator switches. The methods for configuring large-scale programmable silicon photonic chips are also discussed. The representative examples are summarized for the applications of beam steering, optical switching, optical computing, quantum photonic processing as well as optical dispersion controlling. Finally, we give an outlook for the challenges of further developing large-scale programmable silicon photonic chips.

High-speed data transmission over a microresonator frequency comb with dispersion compensation for augmented data rates and reach

Microresonator frequency comb-based high-speed data transmission provides a pathway towards augmented data capacity without increasing the number of laser sources. Their use with intensity-modulated direct detection modulation (IMDD) formats is especially pertinent in data center communications where minimizing cost, latency and complexity is paramount. This however implies that the same extent of digital signal processing techniques commonly used in coherent detection for the management of fiber impairments including chromatic dispersion are not available. With the proliferation of silicon photonics technologies in data center transceivers integrated dispersion compensation which can overcome fiber impairments would be of great merit. We demonstrate low power generation of the primary comb state in a silicon nitride microresonator and transmission of 25 Gb/s NRZ and 50 Gb/s PAM4 data over 20 km of single mode fiber. This represents the longest fiber reach demonstrated to date for the transmission of IMDD data using an integrated, microresonator frequency comb. An integrated, tunable grating device for dispersion compensation that reduces dispersion impairments after several fiber lengths generates significant improvements in the eye diagram, six orders of magnitude improvement in the bit-error rate and 14 dB improvement in the transmitter and dispersion eye closure quaternary values. Concurrently, doubling data transmission is demonstrated via polarization multiplexing a comb line and successful dispersion compensation of up to 20 km.

Parallel wavelength-division-multiplexed signal transmission and dispersion compensation enabled by soliton microcombs and microrings

The proliferation of computation-intensive technologies has led to a significant rise in the number of datacenters, posing challenges for high-speed and power-efficient datacenter interconnects (DCIs). Although inter-DCIs based on intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) along with wavelength-division multiplexing technologies exhibit power-efficient and large-capacity properties, the requirement of multiple laser sources leads to high costs and limited scalability, and the chromatic dispersion (CD) restricts the transmission length of optical signals. Here we propose a scalable on-chip parallel IM-DD data transmission system enabled by a single-soliton Kerr microcomb and a reconfigurable microring resonator-based CD compensator. We experimentally demonstrate an aggregate line rate of 1.68 Tbit/s over a 20-km-long SMF. The extrapolated energy consumption for CD compensation of 40-km-SMFs is ~0.3 pJ/bit, which is calculated as being around 6 times less than that of the commercial 400G-ZR coherent transceivers. Our approach holds significant promise for achieving data rates exceeding 10 terabits.

Large-scale photonic chiplet Taichi empowers 160-TOPS/W artificial general intelligence

The pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI) continuously demands higher computing performance. Despite the superior processing speed and efficiency of integrated photonic circuits, their capacity and scalability are restricted by unavoidable errors, such that only simple tasks and shallow models are realized. To support modern AGIs, we designed Taichi-large-scale photonic chiplets based on an integrated diffractive-interference hybrid design and a general distributed computing architecture that has millions-of-neurons capability with 160-tera-operations per second per watt (TOPS/W) energy efficiency. Taichi experimentally achieved on-chip 1000-category-level classification (testing at 91.89% accuracy in the 1623-category Omniglot dataset) and high-fidelity artificial intelligence-generated content with up to two orders of magnitude of improvement in efficiency. Taichi paves the way for large-scale photonic computing and advanced tasks, further exploiting the flexibility and potential of photonics for modern AGI.

A wideband, high-resolution vector spectrum analyzer for integrated photonics

The analysis of optical spectra-emission or absorption-has been arguably the most powerful approach for discovering and understanding matter. The invention and development of many kinds of spectrometers have equipped us with versatile yet ultra-sensitive diagnostic tools for trace gas detection, isotope analysis, and resolving hyperfine structures of atoms and molecules. With proliferating data and information, urgent and demanding requirements have been placed today on spectrum analysis with ever-increasing spectral bandwidth and frequency resolution. These requirements are especially stringent for broadband laser sources that carry massive information and for dispersive devices used in information processing systems. In addition, spectrum analyzers are expected to probe the device's phase response where extra information is encoded. Here we demonstrate a novel vector spectrum analyzer (VSA) that is capable of characterizing passive devices and active laser sources in one setup. Such a dual-mode VSA can measure loss, phase response, and dispersion properties of passive devices. It also can coherently map a broadband laser spectrum into the RF domain. The VSA features a bandwidth of 55.1 THz (1260-1640 nm), a frequency resolution of 471 kHz, and a dynamic range of 56 dB. Meanwhile, our fiber-based VSA is compact and robust. It requires neither high-speed modulators and photodetectors nor any active feedback control. Finally, we employ our VSA for applications including characterization of integrated dispersive waveguides, mapping frequency comb spectra, and coherent light detection and ranging (LiDAR). Our VSA presents an innovative approach for device analysis and laser spectroscopy, and can play a critical role in future photonic systems and applications for sensing, communication, imaging, and quantum information processing.

Spectral Engineering of Optical Microresonators in Anisotropic Lithium Niobate Crystal

On-chip optical microresonators are essential building blocks in integrated optics. The ability to arbitrarily engineer their resonant frequencies is crucial for exploring novel physics in synthetic frequency dimensions and practical applications like nonlinear optical parametric processes and dispersion-engineered frequency comb generation. Photonic crystal ring (PhCR) resonators are a versatile tool for such arbitrary frequency engineering, by controllably creating mode splitting at selected resonances. To date, these PhCRs have mostly been demonstrated in isotropic photonic materials, while such engineering can be significantly more complicated in anisotropic platforms that often offer more fruitful optical properties. Here, the spectral engineering of chip-scale optical microresonators is realized in the anisotropic lithium niobate (LN) crystal by a gradient design that precisely compensates for variations in both refractive index and perturbation strength. Controllable frequency splitting is experimentally demonstrated at single and multiple selected resonances in LN PhCR resonators with different sizes, while maintaining high quality-factors up to 1 × 106. Moreover, a sharp boundary is experimentally constructed in the synthetic frequency dimension based on an actively modulated x-cut LN gradient-PhCR, opening up new paths toward the arbitrary control of electro-optic comb spectral shapes and exploration of novel physics in the frequency degree of freedom.

Dual-polarization RF channelizer based on microcombs

We report a dual-polarization radio frequency (RF) channelizer based on microcombs. Two high-Q micro-ring resonators (MRRs) with slightly different free spectral ranges (FSRs) are used: one MRR is pumped to yield soliton crystal microcombs ("active"), and the other MRR is used as a "passive" periodic optical filter supporting dual-polarization operation to slice the RF spectrum. With the tailored mismatch between the FSRs of the active and passive MRRs, wideband RF spectra can be channelized into multiple segments featuring digital-compatible bandwidths via the Vernier effect. Due to the use of dual-polarization states, the number of channelized spectral segments, and thus the RF instantaneous bandwidth (with a certain spectral resolution), can be doubled. In our experiments, we used 20 microcomb lines with ∼ 49 GHz FSR to achieve 20 channels for each polarization, with high RF spectra slicing resolutions at 144 MHz (TE) and 163 MHz (TM), respectively; achieving an instantaneous RF operation bandwidth of 3.1 GHz (TE) and 2.2 GHz (TM). Our approach paves the path towards monolithically integrated photonic RF receivers (the key components - active and passive MRRs are all fabricated on the same platform) with reduced complexity, size, and unprecedented performance, which is important for wide RF applications with digital-compatible signal detection.

Multimodality integrated microresonators using the Moiré speedup effect

High-Q microresonators are indispensable components of photonic integrated circuits and offer several useful operational modes. However, these modes cannot be reconfigured after fabrication because they are fixed by the resonator's physical geometry. In this work, we propose a Moiré speedup dispersion tuning method that enables a microresonator device to operate in any of three modes. Electrical tuning of Vernier coupled rings switches operating modality to Brillouin laser, bright microcomb, and dark microcomb operation on demand using the same hybrid-integrated device. Brillouin phase matching and microcomb operation across the telecom C-band is demonstrated. Likewise, by using a single-pump wavelength, the operating mode can be switched. As a result, one universal design can be applied across a range of applications. The device brings flexible mixed-mode operation to integrated photonic circuits.

Frequency-selective perovskite photodetector for anti-interference optical communications

Free-space coupling, essential for various communication applications, often faces significant signal loss and interference from ambient light. Traditional methods rely on integrating complex optical and electronic systems, leading to bulkier and costlier communication equipment. Here, we show an asymmetric 2D-3D-2D perovskite structure device to achieve a frequency-selective photoresponse in a single device. By combining two electromotive forces of equal magnitude in the opposite directions, the device output is attenuated to zero under constant light illumination. Because these reverse photodiodes have different response speeds, the device only responds near a certain frequency, which can be tuned by manipulating the 2D perovskite components. The target device achieves an ultrafast response of 19.7/18.3 ns in the frequency-selective photoresponse range 0.8-9.7 MHz. This anti-interference photodetector can accurately transmit character and video data under strong light interference with a source intensity of up to 454 mW cm-2.

Numerical analysis of on-chip acousto-optic modulators for visible wavelengths

On-chip acousto-optic modulators that operate at an optical wavelength of 780 nm and a microwave frequency of 6.835 GHz are proposed. The modulators are based on a lithium-niobate-on-sapphire platform and efficiently excite surface acoustic waves and exhibit strong interactions with tightly confined optical modes in waveguides. In particular, a high-efficiency phase modulator and single-sideband mode converter are designed. We found that for both microwave and optical wavelengths below 1 µm, the interactions at the cross-sections of photonic waveguides are sensitive to the waveguide width and are significantly different from those in previous studies. Our designed devices have small footprints and high efficiencies, making them suitable for controlling rubidium atoms and realizing hybrid photonic-atomic chips. Furthermore, our devices have the potential to extend the acousto-optic modulators to other visible wavelengths for other atom transitions and for visible light applications, including imaging and sensing.

Integrated lithium niobate microwave photonic processing engine

Integrated microwave photonics (MWP) is an intriguing technology for the generation, transmission and manipulation of microwave signals in chip-scale optical systems1,2. In particular, ultrafast processing of analogue signals in the optical domain with high fidelity and low latency could enable a variety of applications such as MWP filters3-5, microwave signal processing6-9 and image recognition10,11. An ideal integrated MWP processing platform should have both an efficient and high-speed electro-optic modulation block to faithfully perform microwave-optic conversion at low power and also a low-loss functional photonic network to implement various signal-processing tasks. Moreover, large-scale, low-cost manufacturability is required to monolithically integrate the two building blocks on the same chip. Here we demonstrate such an integrated MWP processing engine based on a 4 inch wafer-scale thin-film lithium niobate platform. It can perform multipurpose tasks with processing bandwidths of up to 67 GHz at complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible voltages. We achieve ultrafast analogue computation, namely temporal integration and differentiation, at sampling rates of up to 256 giga samples per second, and deploy these functions to showcase three proof-of-concept applications: solving ordinary differential equations, generating ultra-wideband signals and detecting edges in images. We further leverage the image edge detector to realize a photonic-assisted image segmentation model that can effectively outline the boundaries of melanoma lesion in medical diagnostic images. Our ultrafast lithium niobate MWP engine could provide compact, low-latency and cost-effective solutions for future wireless communications, high-resolution radar and photonic artificial intelligence.

Thin-film lithium niobate electro-optic isolator fabricated by photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching

We report an electro-optic isolator fabricated on thin-film lithium niobate by photolithography-assisted chemo-mechanical etching that shows an isolation of 39.50 dB and an overall fiber-to-fiber loss of 2.6 dB.

Monolithic optical PAM-4 transmitter with autonomous carrier tracking

We present two single channel optical PAM-4 transmitters, one based on a novel 3-section PN-capacitive micro-ring modulator with on-chip low-power driver and a near-zero power capacitive wavelength locking system and another one based on a 2-section thermally tuned PN micro-ring modulator of the similar size with the same modulator driver. The maximum error-free data-rate of 16 Gb/s and 22 Gb/s at the energy efficiency of 200 fJ/b and 430 fJ/b for the former and the latter transmitters are measured, respectively, and the design trade-offs are discussed. The chips are fabricated in the GlobalFoundries 90 nm CMOS SOI process.

Turn-key Kerr soliton generation and tunable microwave synthesizer in dual-mode Si3N4 microresonators

This study investigates the thermal compensation mechanism in dual-mode Si3N4 microresonators that demonstrates the ease of generation of single-solitons with nearly octave-wide spectral bandwidth. The deterministic creation of soliton frequency combs is achieved by merely switching the wavelength of a tunable laser or a semiconductor diode laser in a single step. The pump frequency detuning range that can sustain the soliton state is 30 gigahertz (GHz), which is approximately 100 times the resonance linewidth. Interestingly, these dual-mode resonators also support the coexistence of primary combs and solitons, enabling their utilization as functional microwave synthesizers. Furthermore, these resonators readily facilitate the generation of diverse multi-solitons and soliton crystals. This work presents a simplified system to access high-performance and versatile Kerr solitons, with wide-ranging applications in optical metrology, microwave photonics, and LiDAR.

Interfacial Effect on the Transient Dielectric Function and Charge Transfer in a Monolayer WS2/Si Heterojunction

Monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a highly promising material for silicon photonics. Thus, the WS2/Si interface plays a very important role due to the interfacial complex effects and abundant states. Among them, the effect of charge transfer on exciton dynamics and the optoelectronic property is determined by the dielectric function, which is very crucial for the performance of optoelectronic devices. However, research on the exciton dynamics or the transient dielectric function of WS2 in such WS2/Si junctions is still rare. In this work, both the transient dielectric function and charge transfer of WS2/Si heterojunctions are analyzed based on the transient reflectance spectra measured by the pump-probe spectrometer. The dynamic processes of the A exciton, affected by charge transfer within the WS2/Si heterojunction, are interpreted. Moreover, the transient dielectric function of WS2 is quantitatively analyzed. The dielectric function of WS2 exhibits a notable 19% change, persisting for more than 180 ps within the WS2/Si heterojunction. These findings can pave the way for the advancement of silicon photonic devices based on WS2.

Optical frequency comb assisted reconfigurable broadband spread spectrum signal generation

A photonic-assisted scheme for spread spectrum communication signals generation is proposed and demonstrated in this article. The spreading sequence and the baseband data codes are modulated on the photonic link by electro-optic modulators, and the spread spectrum process is completed through stream processing on the analog microwave photonic link. By combining optical frequency comb and injection locking technologies, the carrier frequency of the communication signals can be tuned over an ultra-broadband range of 3-39 GHz. In the proof-of-concept experiments, spread spectrum signals at 3 GHz and 6 GHz are obtained with a spread factor of 31. The analysis results indicate that the generated signals possess excellent reconfiguration, anti-interference, and anti-interception properties. Overall, our proposed scheme offers a flexible photonic architecture with significant potential in the application of ultra-broadband covert communication systems.

Dynamic Spectral Modulation on Meta-Waveguides Utilizing Liquid Crystal

The integration of metasurfaces and optical waveguides is gradually attracting the attention of researchers because it allows for more efficient manipulation and guidance of light. However, most of the existing studies focus on passive devices, which lack dynamic modulation. This work utilizes the meta-waveguides with liquid crystal(LC) to modulate the on-chip spectrum, which is the first experimentally verified, to the authors' knowledge. By applying a voltage, the refractive index of the liquid crystal surrounding the meta-waveguides can be tuned, resulting in a blue shift of the spectrum. The simulation shows that the 18.4 dB switching ratio can be achieved at 1550 nm. The meta-waveguides are prepared using electron beam lithography (EBL), and the improved transmittance of the spectrum in the short wavelength is experimentally verified, which is consistent with the simulation trend. At 1551.64 nm wavelength, the device achieves a switching ratio of ≈16 dB with an active area of 8 µm × 0.4 µm. Based on this device, an optoelectronic computing architecture for the Hadamard matrix product and a novel wavelength selection switch are proposed. This work offers a promising avenue for on-chip dynamic modulation in integrated photonics, which has the advantage of a compact active area, fast response time, and low energy consumption compared to conventional thermal-light modulation.

Integrated microwave photonic notch filter using a heterogeneously integrated Brillouin and active-silicon photonic circuit

Microwave photonics (MWP) has unlocked a new paradigm for Radio Frequency (RF) signal processing by harnessing the inherent broadband and tunable nature of photonic components. Despite numerous efforts made to implement integrated MWP filters, a key RF processing functionality, it remains a long-standing challenge to achieve a fully integrated photonic circuit that can merge the megahertz-level spectral resolution required for RF applications with key electro-optic components. Here, we overcome this challenge by introducing a compact 5 mm × 5 mm chip-scale MWP filter with active E-O components, demonstrating 37 MHz spectral resolution. We achieved this device by heterogeneously integrating chalcogenide waveguides, which provide Brillouin gain, in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundry-manufactured silicon photonic chip containing integrated modulators and photodetectors. This work paves the way towards a new generation of compact, high-resolution RF photonic filters with wideband frequency tunability demanded by future applications, such as air and spaceborne RF communication payloads.

Slow-light silicon modulator with 110-GHz bandwidth

Silicon modulators are key components to support the dense integration of electro-optic functional elements for various applications. Despite numerous advances in promoting the modulation speed, a bandwidth ceiling emerges in practices and becomes an obstacle toward Tbps-level throughput on a single chip. Here, we demonstrate a compact pure silicon modulator that shatters present bandwidth ceiling to 110 gigahertz. The proposed modulator is built on a cascade corrugated waveguide architecture, which gives rise to a slow-light effect. By comprehensively balancing a series of merits, the modulators can benefit from the slow light for better efficiency and compact size while remaining sufficiently high bandwidth. Consequently, we realize a 110-gigahertz modulator with 124-micrometer length, enabling 112 gigabits per second on-off keying operation. Our work proves that silicon modulators with 110 gigahertz are feasible, thus shedding light on its potentials in ultrahigh bandwidth applications such as optical interconnection and photonic machine learning.

Functionalizing nanophotonic structures with 2D van der Waals materials

The integration of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with nanostructures has triggered a wide spectrum of optical and optoelectronic applications. Photonic structures of conventional materials typically lack efficient reconfigurability or multifunctionality. Atomically thin 2D materials can thus generate new functionality and reconfigurability for a well-established library of photonic structures such as integrated waveguides, optical fibers, photonic crystals, and metasurfaces, to name a few. Meanwhile, the interaction between light and van der Waals materials can be drastically enhanced as well by leveraging micro-cavities or resonators with high optical confinement. The unique van der Waals surfaces of the 2D materials enable handiness in transfer and mixing with various prefabricated photonic templates with high degrees of freedom, functionalizing as the optical gain, modulation, sensing, or plasmonic media for diverse applications. Here, we review recent advances in synergizing 2D materials to nanophotonic structures for prototyping novel functionality or performance enhancements. Challenges in scalable 2D materials preparations and transfer, as well as emerging opportunities in integrating van der Waals building blocks beyond 2D materials are also discussed.

Versatile octave-spanning soliton crystals with high conversion efficiency in a Si3N4 microresonator

Microresonator-based soliton crystals are a key recent advancement in the study of the rich nonlinear dynamics of soliton states. The soliton crystals are self-organized temporal pulses filling the microresonator cavity and have strong comb lines with wide spacing making them of great interest in many potential applications such as communication and meteorology. However, achieving a broad spectrum, tunable repetition rates, and high conversion efficiency are still a challenge. Here, we report the deterministic generation of versatile octave-spanning soliton crystals with various repetition rates via avoided mode crossings. In addition, we investigate the conversion efficiency of the obtained soliton crystals and achieved above ∼50% in one of the devices with a suitable coupling. Our results pave the way for accessing coherent broad and tunable on-chip soliton crystals, thus requiring a rigorous and viable microcavity design to engineer the desired mode coupling position.

Comparison of Microcomb-Based Radio-Frequency Photonic Transversal Signal Processors Implemented with Discrete Components Versus Integrated Chips

RF photonic transversal signal processors, which combine reconfigurable electrical digital signal processing and high-bandwidth photonic processing, provide a powerful solution for achieving adaptive high-speed information processing. Recent progress in optical microcomb technology provides compelling multi-wavelength sources with a compact footprint, yielding a variety of microcomb-based RF photonic transversal signal processors with either discrete or integrated components. Although they operate based on the same principle, the processors in these two forms exhibit distinct performances. This paper presents a comparative investigation of their performances. First, we compare the performances of state-of-the-art processors, focusing on the processing accuracy. Next, we analyze various factors that contribute to the performance differences, including the tap number and imperfect response of experimental components. Finally, we discuss the potential for future improvement. These results provide a comprehensive comparison of microcomb-based RF photonic transversal signal processors implemented using discrete and integrated components and provide insights for their future development.

Microheater-Integrated Microlens Array for Robust Rapid Fog Removal

In extreme environments, fog formation on a microlens array (MLA) surface results in a device failure. One reliable solution for fog removal is to heat the surface using a microheater. However, due to the surface interference, the combination of these two microdevices remains elusive. In this study, we introduce lift-off and electroless plating into femtosecond laser processing to fabricate a microheater integrated MLA (μH-MLA) on the same substrate with high light transmittance, durability, and fog removal efficiency. Laser-induced micro-nano grooves enable the microheater to be tightly coupled with the MLA and have high heating performance, thus maintaining a stable performance for over 24 h during continuous operation as well as under long time ultrasonic vibration and mechanical friction. With a rapid response time (τ0.5) of 17 s and a high working temperature of 188 °C, the μH-MLA removed fog that covers the entire face within 14 s. Finally, we prove the use of this fabrication method in large areas and curved surface environments. This study provides a flexible, stable, and economical method to integrate micro-optical and microelectrical devices.

High-resolution reconfigurable RF signal spectral processor

Recent developments in microwave photonic filters (MPFs) offer superior properties for radio frequency (RF) signal processing, such as large instantaneous bandwidth, high resolution and multifunctional shapes. However, it is quite challenging to realize two or more characteristics simultaneously to meet the diverse needs in complex electromagnetic environment. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable RF signal spectral processor with both large instantaneous bandwidth and high resolution. In the proposed spectral processor, sufficient taps supplied by an optical frequency comb (OFC) offer a large instantaneous bandwidth to process broadband RF signals. Flexible tap coefficients can be obtained by manipulating an optical spectral shaper (OSS), which provides excellent reconfigurability. This tap-by-tap manipulation is realized with a high resolution of hundreds of megahertz, allowing precise shape configuration of the response. In the experiment, we demonstrate a flat-top response with a wide bandwidth of 7.1 GHz. Reconfigurable features such as tunable bandwidth, adjustable center frequency and diverse shapes are also shown. In particular, the measured frequency resolution of 96.5 MHz demonstrates the ability for precise configuration.

AlGaAs soliton microcombs at room temperature

Soliton mode locking in high-Q microcavities provides a way to integrate frequency comb systems. Among material platforms, AlGaAs has one of the largest optical nonlinearity coefficients, and is advantageous for low-pump-threshold comb generation. However, AlGaAs also has a very large thermo-optic effect that destabilizes soliton formation, and femtosecond soliton pulse generation has only been possible at cryogenic temperatures. Here, soliton generation in AlGaAs microresonators at room temperature is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The destabilizing thermo-optic effect is shown to instead provide stability in the high-repetition-rate soliton regime (corresponding to a large, normalized second-order dispersion parameter D₂/κ). Single soliton and soliton crystal generation with sub-milliwatt optical pump power are demonstrated. The generality of this approach is verified in a high-Q silica microtoroid where manual tuning into the soliton regime is demonstrated. Besides the advantages of large optical nonlinearity, these AlGaAs devices are natural candidates for integration with semiconductor pump lasers. Furthermore, the approach should generalize to any high-Q resonator material platform.

Harnessing microcomb-based parallel chaos for random number generation and optical decision making

Optical chaos is vital for various applications such as private communication, encryption, anti-interference sensing, and reinforcement learning. Chaotic microcombs have emerged as promising sources for generating massive optical chaos. However, their inter-channel correlation behavior remains elusive, limiting their potential for on-chip parallel chaotic systems with high throughput. In this study, we present massively parallel chaos based on chaotic microcombs and high-nonlinearity AlGaAsOI platforms. We demonstrate the feasibility of generating parallel chaotic signals with inter-channel correlation <0.04 and a high random number generation rate of 3.84 Tbps. We further show the application of our approach by demonstrating a 15-channel integrated random bit generator with a 20 Gbps channel rate using silicon photonic chips. Additionally, we achieved a scalable decision-making accelerator for up to 256-armed bandit problems. Our work opens new possibilities for chaos-based information processing systems using integrated photonics, and potentially can revolutionize the current architecture of communication, sensing and computations.

Inverse design of an ultra-compact dual-band wavelength demultiplexing power splitter with detailed analysis of hyperparameters

Inverse design has been widely studied as an efficient method to reduce footprint and improve performance for integrated silicon photonic (SiP) devices. In this study, we have used inverse design to develop a series of ultra-compact dual-band wavelength demultiplexing power splitters (WDPSs) that can simultaneously perform both wavelength demultiplexing and 1:1 optical power splitting. These WDPSs could facilitate the potential coexistence of dual-band passive optical networks (PONs). The design is performed on a standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform using, what we believe to be, a novel two-step direct binary search (TS-DBS) method and the impact of different hyperparameters related to the physical structure and the optimization algorithm is analyzed in detail. Our inverse-designed WDPS with a minimum feature size of 130 nm achieves a 12.77-times reduction in footprint and a slight increase in performance compared with the forward-designed WDPS. We utilize the optimal combination of hyperparameters to design another WDPS with a minimum feature size reduced to 65 nm, which achieves ultra-low insertion losses of 0.36 dB and 0.37 dB and crosstalk values of -19.91 dB and -17.02 dB at wavelength channels of 1310 nm and 1550 nm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the hyperparameters of optimization-based inverse design are systematically discussed for the first time. Our work demonstrates that appropriate setting of hyperparameters greatly improves device performance, throwing light on the manipulation of hyperparameters for future inverse design.

χ(2) nonlinear photonics in integrated microresonators

Second-order (χ⁽²⁾) optical nonlinearity is one of the most common mechanisms for modulating and generating coherent light in photonic devices. Due to strong photon confinement and long photon lifetime, integrated microresonators have emerged as an ideal platform for investigation of nonlinear optical effects. However, existing silicon-based materials lack a χ⁽²⁾ response due to their centrosymmetric structures. A variety of novel material platforms possessing χ⁽²⁾ nonlinearity have been developed over the past two decades. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress of second-order nonlinear optical effects in integrated microresonators. First, the basic principles of χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear effects are introduced. Afterward, we highlight the commonly used χ⁽²⁾ nonlinear optical materials, including their material properties and respective functional devices. We also discuss the prospects and challenges of utilizing χ⁽²⁾ nonlinearity in the field of integrated microcavity photonics.

Broadband transverse unidirectional scattering and large range nanoscale displacement measuring based on the interaction between a tightly focused azimuthally polarized beam and a silicon hollow nanostructure

We theoretically propose a broadband transverse unidirectional scattering scheme based on the interaction between a tightly focused azimuthally polarized beam (APB) and a silicon hollow nanostructure. When the nanostructure is located at a specific position in the focal plane of the APB, the transverse scattering fields can be decomposed into contributions from transverse components of the electric dipoles, longitudinal components of magnetic dipoles and magnetic quadrupole components. In order to satisfy the transverse Kerker conditions for these multipoles within a wide infrared spectrum, we design a novel nanostructure with hollow parallelepiped shape. Through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations, this scheme exhibits efficient transverse unidirectional scattering effects in the wavelength range of 1440 nm to 1820 nm (380 nm). In addition, by adjusting the position of the nanostructure on the x-axis, efficient nanoscale displacement sensing with large measuring ranges can be achieved. After analyses, the results prove that our research may have potential applications in the field of high-precision on-chip displacement sensors.