1H NMR based urinary metabolites profiling dataset of canine mammary tumors

NMRformer: A Transformer-Based Deep Learning Framework for Peak Assignment in 1D 1H NMR Spectroscopy

Metabolite identification from 1D 1H NMR spectra is a major challenge in NMR-based metabolomics. This study introduces NMRformer, a Transformer-based deep learning framework for accurate peak assignment and metabolite identification in 1D 1H NMR spectroscopy. Unlike traditional approaches, NMRformer interprets spectra as sequences of spectral peaks and integrates a self-attention mechanism and peak height ratios directly into the Transformer encoder layer. It has the capability to recognize and interpret long-range dependencies between peaks and to quickly identify peaks corresponding to identical metabolites. The effectiveness of NMRformer has been rigorously validated by analyzing real 1D 1H NMR spectra from a variety of cellular and biofluid samples. NMRformer achieved peak assignment accuracies above 88% and metabolite identification accuracies above 80% in four types of cellular samples. It also achieved peak assignment accuracies above 88% and metabolite identification accuracies above 80% in three types of biofluid samples. These results underscore the ability of NMRformer to significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of peak assignment and metabolite identification in NMR-based metabolomics studies.

Profiling canine mammary tumors: A potential model for studying human breast cancer

Despite all clinical progress recorded in the last decades, human breast cancer (HBC) remains a major challenge worldwide both in terms of its incidence and its management. Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) share similarities with HBC and represent an alternative model for HBC. The utility of the canine model in studying HBC relies on their common features, include spontaneous development, subtype classification, mutational profile, alterations in gene expression profile, and incidence/prevalence. This review describes the similarities between CMTs and HBC regarding genomic landscape, microRNA expression alteration, methylation, and metabolomic changes occurring during mammary gland carcinogenesis. The primary purpose of this review is to highlight the advantages of using the canine model as a translational animal model for HBC research and to investigate the challenges and limitations of this approach.

NMR-based metabolomic analysis for the effects of moxibustion on imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Moxibustion is a traditional medical intervention of traditional Chinese medicine. It refers to the direct or indirect application of ignited moxa wool made of mugwort leaves to acupuncture points or other specific parts of the body for either treating or preventing diseases. Moxibustion has been proven to be effective in treating skin lesions of psoriasis.

AIM OF THE STUDY

This study was performed to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of moxibustion treatment on imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We established an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mice (Model) and assessed the effects of moxibustion (Moxi) treatment on skin lesions of psoriatic mice by the PASI scores and expressions of inflammation-related factors relative to normal control mice (NC). We then performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis on the skin tissues of the NC, Model and Moxi-treated mice to address metabolic differences among the three groups.

RESULTS

Moxi mice showed reduced PASI scores and decreased expressions of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-17A and IL-23 relative to Model mice. Compared with the Model group, the NC and Moxi groups shared 9 characteristic metabolites and 4 significantly altered metabolic pathways except for taurine and hypotaurine metabolism uniquely identified in the NC group. To a certain extent, moxibustion treatment improved metabolic disorders of skin lesions of psoriatic mice by decreasing glucose, valine, asparagine, aspartate and alanine-mediated cell proliferation and synthesis of scaffold proteins, alleviating histidine-mediated hyperproliferation of blood vessels, and promoting triacylglycerol decomposition.

CONCLUSIONS

This study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of moxibustion treatment on the skin lesions of psoriasis, potentially improving the clinical efficacy of moxibustion.