1
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V Grafenstein K, Foerster FM, Haberstroh F, Campbell D, Irshad F, Salgado FC, Schilling G, Travac E, Weiße N, Zepf M, Döpp A, Karsch S. Laser-accelerated electron beams at 1 GeV using optically-induced shock injection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11680. [PMID: 37468564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38805-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been made in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), both regarding the increase in electron energy, charge and stability as well as the reduction of bandwidth of electron bunches. Simultaneous optimization of these parameters is, however, still the subject of an ongoing effort in the community to reach sufficient beam quality for next generation's compact accelerators. In this report, we show the design of slit-shaped gas nozzles providing centimeter-long supersonic gas jets that can be used as targets for the acceleration of electrons to the GeV regime. In LWFA experiments at the Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, we show that electron bunches are accelerated to [Formula: see text] using these nozzles. The electron bunches were injected into the laser wakefield via a laser-machined density down-ramp using hydrodynamic optical-field-ionization and subsequent plasma expansion on a ns-timescale. This injection method provides highly controllable quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with high charge around [Formula: see text], low divergence of [Formula: see text], and a relatively small energy spread of around [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. In contrast to capillaries and gas cells, the scheme allows full plasma access for injection, probing or guiding in order to further improve the energy and quality of LWFA beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Grafenstein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - F M Foerster
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F Haberstroh
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - D Campbell
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - F Irshad
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - F C Salgado
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - G Schilling
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - E Travac
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - N Weiße
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - M Zepf
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - A Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - S Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Centre for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany.
- Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Grigoriadis A, Andrianaki G, Tazes I, Dimitriou V, Tatarakis M, Benis EP, Papadogiannis NA. Efficient plasma electron accelerator driven by linearly chirped multi-10-TW laser pulses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2918. [PMID: 36806668 PMCID: PMC9941572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporal rearrangement of the spectral components of an ultrafast and intense laser pulse, i.e., the chirp of the pulse, offers significant possibilities for controlling its interaction with matter and plasma. In the propagation of ultra-strong laser pulses within the self-induced plasma, laser pulse chirp can play a major role in the dynamics of wakefield and plasma bubble formation, as well as in the electron injection and related electron acceleration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the control of the generation efficiency of a relativistic electron beam, with respect to maximum electron energy and current, by accurately varying the chirp value of a multi-10-TW laser pulse. We explicitly show that positively chirped laser pulses, i.e., pulses with instantaneous frequency increasing with time, accelerate electrons in the order of 100 MeV much more efficiently in comparison to unchirped or negatively chirped pulses. Corresponding Particle-In-Cell simulations strongly support the experimental results, depicting a smoother plasma bubble density distribution and electron injection conditions that favor the maximum acceleration of the electron beam, when positively chirped laser pulses are used. Our results, aside from extending the validity of similar studies reported for PW laser pulses, provide the ground for understanding the subtle dynamics of an efficient plasma electron accelerator driven by chirped laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Grigoriadis
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.9594.10000 0001 2108 7481Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - G. Andrianaki
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.6809.70000 0004 0622 3117School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - I. Tazes
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - V. Dimitriou
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymnon, Greece
| | - M. Tatarakis
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 73133 Chania, Greece
| | - E. P. Benis
- grid.9594.10000 0001 2108 7481Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - N. A. Papadogiannis
- grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymno, Greece ,grid.419879.a0000 0004 0393 8299Physical Acoustics and Optoacoustics Laboratory, Department of Music Technology and Acoustics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 74100 Rethymnon, Greece
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3
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Bruhaug G, Freeman MS, Rinderknecht HG, Neukirch LP, Wilde CH, Merrill FE, Rygg JR, Wei MS, Collins GW, Shaw JL. Single-shot electron radiography using a laser–plasma accelerator. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2227. [PMID: 36755138 PMCID: PMC9908895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact and projection electron radiography of static targets was demonstrated using a laser-plasma accelerator driven by a kilojoule, picosecond-class laser as a source of relativistic electrons with an average energy of 20 MeV. Objects with areal densities as high as 7.7 g/cm2 were probed in materials ranging from plastic to tungsten, and radiographs with resolution as good as 90 μm were produced. The effects of electric fields produced by the laser ablation of the radiography objects were observed and are well described by an analytic expression relating imaging magnification change to electric-field strength.
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4
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Song H, Kim CM, Won J, Song J, Lee S, Ryu CM, Bang W, Nam CH. Characterization of relativistic electron-positron beams produced with laser-accelerated GeV electrons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:310. [PMID: 36609530 PMCID: PMC9823095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of an electron-positron beam generated from the interaction of a multi-GeV electron beam with a lead plate is performed using GEANT4 simulations. The dependence of the positron beam size on driver electron beam energy and lead converter thickness is investigated in detail. A pancake-like positron beam structure is generated with a monoenergetic multi-GeV driver electron beam, with the results indicating that a 5 GeV driver electron beam with 1 nC charge can generate a positron beam with a density of 1015-1016 cm-3 at one radiation length of lead. In addition, we find that electron-positron beams generated using above-GeV electron beams have neutralities greater than 0.3 at one radiation length of lead, whereas neutralities of 0.2 are observed when using a 200 MeV electron beam. The possibility of observing plasma instabilities in experiments is also examined by comparing the plasma skin depth with the electron-positron beam size. A quasi-neutral electron-positron plasma can be produced in the interaction between a 1 nC, 5 GeV electron beam and lead with a thickness of five radiation lengths. Our findings will aid in analyzing and interpreting laser-produced electron-positron plasma for laboratory astrophysics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Song
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Junho Won
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Jaehyun Song
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Seongmin Lee
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Ryu
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Woosuk Bang
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- grid.410720.00000 0004 1784 4496Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005 Korea ,grid.61221.360000 0001 1033 9831Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005 Korea
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5
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Rasool MA, Sattar R, Anum A, Al-hussain SA, Ahmad S, Irfan A, Zaki MEA. An Insight into Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Green Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022; 13:66. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the energy shortage and environmental pollution are the burning global issues. For centuries, fossil fuels have been used to meet worldwide energy demand. However, thousands of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned, contributing to global warming. Therefore, green energy must replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a prime choice. Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) under solar irradiation could address energy and environmental problems. In the past decade, solar photocatalysts have been used to manufacture sustainable fuels. Scientists are working to synthesize a reliable, affordable, and light-efficient photocatalyst. Developing efficient photocatalysts for water redox reactions in suspension is a key to solar energy conversion. Semiconductor nanoparticles can be used as photocatalysts to accelerate redox reactions to generate chemical fuel or electricity. Carbon materials are substantial photocatalysts for total WS under solar irradiation due to their high activity, high stability, low cost, easy production, and structural diversity. Carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots can be used as semiconductors, photosensitizers, cocatalysts, and support materials. This review comprehensively explains how carbon-based composite materials function as photocatalytic semiconductors for hydrogen production, the water-splitting mechanism, and the chemistry of redox reactions. Also, how heteroatom doping, defects and surface functionalities, etc., can influence the efficiency of carbon photocatalysts in H2 production. The challenges faced in the PWS process and future prospects are briefly discussed.
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6
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Kim DY, Hojbota CI, Mirzaie M, Lee SK, Kim KY, Sung JH, Nam CH. Optical synchronization technique for all-optical Compton scattering. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113001. [PMID: 36461441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In all-optical Compton scattering driven by a multi-petawatt laser, it is critical to have accurate spatiotemporal synchronization between the ultrarelativistic electron bunch and the ultrahigh-intensity laser beam. Such a synchronization was realized by using two complementary optical setups. The first setup, used for the initial synchronization, recorded the spatial interferogram between the two femtosecond lasers used for a GeV electron beam production and an ultrahigh scattering laser beam. The second one, consisting of spatial and spectral interferometers, measured the time delay between the two laser beams in the range of 0-200 fs in real time. These monitoring systems played an essential role in conducting Compton scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Calin Ioan Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Mirzaie
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Ki Yong Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
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7
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Xu J, Bae L, Ezzat M, Kim HT, Yang JM, Lee SH, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Ji L, Shen B, Nam CH. Nanoparticle-insertion scheme to decouple electron injection from laser evolution in laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11128. [PMID: 35778463 PMCID: PMC9249746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A localized nanoparticle insertion scheme is developed to decouple electron injection from laser evolution in laser wakefield acceleration. Here we report the experimental realization of a controllable electron injection by the nanoparticle insertion method into a plasma medium, where the injection position is localized within the short range of 100 μm. Nanoparticles were generated by the laser ablation process of a copper blade target using a 3-ns 532-nm laser pulse with fluence above 100 J/cm2. The produced electron bunches with a beam charge above 300 pC and divergence of around 12 mrad show the injection probability over 90% after optimizing the ablation laser energy and the temporal delay between the ablation and the main laser pulses. Since this nanoparticle insertion method can avoid the disturbing effects of electron injection process on laser evolution, the stable high-charge injection method can provide a suitable electron injector for multi-GeV electron sources from low-density plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Leejin Bae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Ezzat
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China. .,Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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8
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Fazeli R. Observation of transverse injection and enhanced beam quality in laser wakefield acceleration of isolated electron bunches using an optimized plasma waveguide. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:065210. [PMID: 35854587 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.065210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser wakefield acceleration of monoenergetic multi-GeV electron beams in the bubble regime is investigated via particle-in-cell simulations considering laser guiding of sub-petawatt pulses by an optimized plasma waveguide. The density profile of the plasma has a transverse transition from a low value for the laser guiding central channel to an optimal higher value for the surrounding plasma. Multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations in the nonlinear bubble regime show that when the spot size of the Gaussian laser pulse is matched to the diameter of the low-density laser-guiding plasma channel, electron self-injection can be transversely provided from the surrounding high-density plasma mitigating the need for a minimum electron density of the low-density channel to trigger the self-injection. Accordingly, the pump depletion and electron dephasing lengths can be increased by reducing the electron density of the axial channel, and the electron bunch can be accelerated to considerably longer distances. As a result, the energy gain of the trapped electrons, injected from the surrounding high-density region, can be efficiently enhanced. Under such conditions, a completely localized electron bunch with considerably decreased energy spread (<2%) and enhanced peak energy (∼2.5GeV) is accelerated over a length of ∼6mm by a sub-petawatt laser pulse (∼86TW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fazeli
- Faculty of Science, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan 4416939515, Iran
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9
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Samarkin V, Alexandrov A, Galaktionov I, Kudryashov A, Nikitin A, Rukosuev A, Toporovsky V, Sheldakova J. Wide-Aperture Bimorph Deformable Mirror for Beam Focusing in 4.2 PW Ti:Sa Laser. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:1144. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The bimorph deformable mirror with a diameter of 320 mm, including 127 control electrodes, has been developed and tested. The flatness of the initial mirror surface of about 1 μm (P-V) was achieved by mechanically adjusting the mirror substrate fixed in the metal mount. To correct for the aberrations and improve the beam focusing in the petawatt Ti:Sa laser, the wide-aperture adaptive optical system with the deformable mirror and Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor was developed. Correction of the wavefront aberrations in the 4.2 PW Ti:Sa laser using the adaptive system provided increases the intensity in the focusing plane to a value of 1.1 × 1023 W/cm2
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10
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Kim J, Wang T, Khudik V, Shvets G. Subfemtosecond Wakefield Injector and Accelerator Based on an Undulating Plasma Bubble Controlled by a Laser Phase. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:164801. [PMID: 34723604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a long-propagating plasma bubble executing undulatory motion can be produced in the wake of two copropagating laser pulses: a near-single-cycle injector and a multicycle driver. When the undulation amplitude exceeds the analytically derived threshold, highly localized injections of plasma electrons into the bubble are followed by their long-distance acceleration. While the locations of the injection regions are controlled by the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the injector pulse, the monoenergetic spectrum of the accelerated subfemtosecond high-charge electron bunches is shown to be nearly CEP independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Tianhong Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Vladimir Khudik
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
- Department of Physics and Institute for Fusion Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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11
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Kim H, Pathak V, Hojbota C, Mirzaie M, Pae K, Kim C, Yoon J, Sung J, Lee S. Multi-GeV Laser Wakefield Electron Acceleration with PW Lasers. Applied Sciences 2021; 11:5831. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser wakefield electron acceleration (LWFA) is an emerging technology for the next generation of electron accelerators. As intense laser technology has rapidly developed, LWFA has overcome its limitations and has proven its possibilities to facilitate compact high-energy electron beams. Since high-power lasers reach peak power beyond petawatts (PW), LWFA has a new chance to explore the multi-GeV energy regime. In this article, we review the recent development of multi-GeV electron acceleration with PW lasers and discuss the limitations and perspectives of the LWFA with high-power lasers.
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12
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Ding H, Döpp A, Gilljohann M, Götzfried J, Schindler S, Wildgruber L, Cheung G, Hooker SM, Karsch S. Nonlinear plasma wavelength scalings in a laser wakefield accelerator. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023209. [PMID: 32168651 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Laser wakefield acceleration relies on the excitation of a plasma wave due to the ponderomotive force of an intense laser pulse. However, plasma wave trains in the wake of the laser have scarcely been studied directly in experiments. Here we use few-cycle shadowgraphy in conjunction with interferometry to quantify plasma waves excited by the laser within the density range of GeV-scale accelerators, i.e., a few 10^{18}cm^{-3}. While analytical models suggest a clear dependency between the nonlinear plasma wavelength and the peak potential a_{0}, our study shows that the analytical models are only accurate for driver strength a_{0}≲1. Experimental data and systematic particle-in-cell simulations reveal that nonlinear lengthening of the plasma wave train depends not solely on the laser peak intensity but also on the waist of the focal spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ding
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Götzfried
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Wildgruber
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Cheung
- John Adams Institute & Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute & Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Yoon JW, Jeon C, Shin J, Lee SK, Lee HW, Choi IW, Kim HT, Sung JH, Nam CH. Achieving the laser intensity of 5.5×10 22 W/cm 2 with a wavefront-corrected multi-PW laser. Opt Express 2019; 27:20412-20420. [PMID: 31510135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ultrahigh intensity laser pulses was investigated by tightly focusing a wavefront-corrected multi-petawatt Ti:sapphire laser. For the wavefront correction of the PW laser, two stages of deformable mirrors were employed. The multi-PW laser beam was tightly focused by an f/1.6 off-axis parabolic mirror and the focal spot profile was measured. After the wavefront correction, the Strehl ratio was about 0.4, and the spot size in full width at half maximum was 1.5×1.8 μm2, close to the diffraction-limited value. The measured peak intensity was 5.5×1022 W/cm2, achieving the highest laser intensity ever reached.
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14
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Luís Martins J, Vieira J, Ferri J, Fülöp T. Radiation emission in laser-wakefields driven by structured laser pulses with orbital angular momentum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9840. [PMID: 31285467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity X-ray sources are invaluable tools, enabling experiments at the forefront of our understanding of materials science, chemistry, biology, and physics. Laser-plasma electron accelerators are sources of high-intensity X-rays, as electrons accelerated in wakefields emit short-wavelength radiation due to betatron oscillations. While applications such as phasecontrast imaging with these betatron sources have already been demonstrated, others would require higher photon number and would benefit from increased tunability. In this paper we demonstrate, through detailed 3D simulations, a novel configuration for a laser-wakefield betatron source that increases the energy of the X-ray emission and also provides increased flexibility in the tuning of the X-ray photon energy. This is made by combining two Laguerre-Gaussian pulses with non-zero net orbital angular momentum, leading to a rotation of the intensity pattern, and hence, of the driven wakefields. The helical motion driven by the laser rotation is found to dominate the radiation emission, rather than the betatron oscillations. Moreover, the radius of this helical motion can be controlled through the laser spot size and orbital angular momentum indexes, meaning that the radiation can be tuned fully independently of the plasma parameters.
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15
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Gonsalves AJ, Nakamura K, Daniels J, Benedetti C, Pieronek C, de Raadt TCH, Steinke S, Bin JH, Bulanov SS, van Tilborg J, Geddes CGR, Schroeder CB, Tóth C, Esarey E, Swanson K, Fan-Chiang L, Bagdasarov G, Bobrova N, Gasilov V, Korn G, Sasorov P, Leemans WP. Petawatt Laser Guiding and Electron Beam Acceleration to 8 GeV in a Laser-Heated Capillary Discharge Waveguide. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:084801. [PMID: 30932604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Guiding of relativistically intense laser pulses with peak power of 0.85 PW over 15 diffraction lengths was demonstrated by increasing the focusing strength of a capillary discharge waveguide using laser inverse bremsstrahlung heating. This allowed for the production of electron beams with quasimonoenergetic peaks up to 7.8 GeV, double the energy that was previously demonstrated. Charge was 5 pC at 7.8 GeV and up to 62 pC in 6 GeV peaks, and typical beam divergence was 0.2 mrad.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Gonsalves
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Daniels
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Benedetti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Pieronek
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T C H de Raadt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Steinke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J H Bin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S S Bulanov
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J van Tilborg
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C B Schroeder
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Cs Tóth
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Esarey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Swanson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Fan-Chiang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Bagdasarov
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS, Moscow 125047, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - N Bobrova
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS, Moscow 125047, Russia
- Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering, CTU in Prague, Brehova 7, Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - V Gasilov
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS, Moscow 125047, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - G Korn
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI-Beamlines Project, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Sasorov
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics RAS, Moscow 125047, Russia
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI-Beamlines Project, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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16
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Cho MH, Pathak VB, Kim HT, Nam CH. Controlled electron injection facilitated by nanoparticles for laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16924. [PMID: 30446700 PMCID: PMC6240057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel injection scheme for laser-driven wakefield acceleration in which controllable localized electron injection is obtained by inserting nanoparticles into a plasma medium. The nanoparticles provide a very confined electric field that triggers localized electron injection where nonlinear plasma waves are excited but not sufficient for background electrons self-injection. We present a theoretical model to describe the conditions and properties of the electron injection in the presence of nanoparticles. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations demonstrate that the total charge of the injected electron beam can be controlled by the position, number, size, and density of the nanoparticles. The PIC simulation also indicates that a 5-GeV electron beam with an energy spread below 1% can be obtained with a 0.5-PW laser pulse by using the nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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17
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Pathak VB, Kim HT, Vieira J, Silva LO, Nam CH. All optical dual stage laser wakefield acceleration driven by two-color laser pulses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11772. [PMID: 30082846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an all-optical dual-stage laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), staged with co-propagating two-color laser pulses in a plasma medium, to enhance the electron bunch energy. After the depletion of the leading fundamental laser pulse that initiates self-injection and sets up the first stage particle acceleration, the subsequent second-harmonic laser pulse takes over the acceleration process and accelerates the electron bunch in the second stage over a significantly longer distance than in the first stage. In this all optical dual-stage LWFA, the electrons can gain 3 times higher energy as compared to the energy gain from the single stage LWFA driven by a single-color laser pulse with equivalent energy. Our multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that a 10-GeV electron bunch with 20-pC charge can be obtained by the two-color dual-stage LWFA using total input laser power of 0.6 PW.
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