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Zendehdel AA, Sorouraddin SM, Farajzadeh MA. In-situ formation of the adsorbent based on octadecylamine for the extraction of Ag + ions from aqueous solutions and its determination by microinjection flame atomic absorption spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:1901-1908. [PMID: 37594680 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a dispersive solid phase extraction procedure based on changing the solubility of octadecylamine with pH was proposed to determine Ag+ ions in different water samples. For this purpose, first, the pH of sample solution containing the analyte was adjusted to 10.5. Then desired volume of the octadecylamine dissolved in acidic solution was injected into the solution. Because of the low solubility of octadecylamine in alkaline solution, a cloudy state was formed. The produced octadecylamine particles acted as a complexing agent for Ag+ ions and adsorbent for the formed complex. The obtained cloudy solution was centrifuged and the sedimented particles were removed and dissolved in a diluted nitric acid solution. It was injected into a flame atomic absorption spectrometry to determine the extracted amounts of the analyte. The effect of important parameters such as the amount of octadecylamine, volume of nitric acid, and centrifugation and vortexing conditions on the extraction efficiency of the procedure was studied and optimized. In optimal conditions, the developed method showed a linear range of 0.50-200 µg L-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.18 and 0.50 µg L-1, respectively. Extraction recovery was 93.6%. The relative standard deviations were less than 4%. The effectiveness of the method was investigated by determination of Ag+ ions in water and wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghar Zendehdel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Cohen M, Ashkenazi D, Gitler H, Tal O. Archaeometallurgical Analysis of the Provincial Silver Coinage of Judah: More on the Chaîne Opératoire of the Minting Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2200. [PMID: 36984080 PMCID: PMC10052650 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver coins were the first coins to be manufactured by mass production in the southern Levant. An assemblage of tiny provincial silver coins of the local (Judahite standard) and (Attic) obol-based denominations from the Persian and Hellenistic period Yehud and dated to the second half of the fourth century BCE were analyzed to determine their material composition. Of the 50 silver coins, 32 are defined as Type 5 (Athena/Owl) of the Persian period Yehud series (ca. 350-333 BCE); 9 are Type 16 (Persian king wearing a jagged crown/Falcon in flight) (ca. 350-333); 3 are Type 24 series (Portrait/Falcon) of the Macedonian period (ca. 333-306 BCE); and 6 are Type 31 (Portrait/Falcon) (ca. 306-302/1 BCE). The coins underwent visual testing, multi-focal light microscope observation, XRF analysis, and SEM-EDS analysis. The metallurgical findings revealed that all the coins from the Type 5, 16, 24, and 31 series are made of high-purity silver with a small percentage of copper. Based on these results, it is suggested that each series was manufactured using a controlled composition of silver-copper alloy. The findings present novel information about the material culture of the southern Levant during the Late Persian period and Macedonian period, as expressed through the production and use of these silver coins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Cohen
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Dana Ashkenazi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Haim Gitler
- Israel Museum, Derech Rupin 11, Jerusalem 9171002, Israel
| | - Oren Tal
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Doménech-Carbó A, Scholz F, Brauns M, Tiley-Nel S, van Bennekom J, van Bork E, Barrio J, Martínez-Caballero S, Oliver A, Aguilella G, Martínez B, Doménech-Carbó MT. Electrochemical dating of archaeological gold based on repetitive voltammetry monitoring of silver/copper in depth concentration gradients. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Micro and Nanoscale Structures and Corrosion Patterns in Brass: The Case Study of Ancient Roman Orichalcum Coins. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the micro and nanoscale structure in Cu-Zn alloy, as well as its corrosion patterns. To achieve this goal, a set of Roman orichalcum coins were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray maps, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (HR-FESEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analyser (EMPA) techniques. The samples showed a high degree of corrosion on their external surfaces, which evolved in depth up to ~1 mm. Micro and sub-micro imaging of the inner metal highlighted the presence of “stressed areas” caused by mechanical processing work, representing the trigger zone of corrosion and causing the loss of material. These images also permitted us to follow the grain-grain interface and selective Zn-dealloying in the examined samples. X-ray maps of Cu and Zn helped us to understand the evolution of the dezincification process, from rim to core. HR-FESEM-EDS imaging investigation highlighted a heterogeneous composition within the strain line structures, confirming that the mechanically stressed areas were active zones for corrosion processes. Cracks and voids also characterised the patina. Conversely, the uncorroded cores of the samples were not affected by dealloying.
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Bernabale M, Cognigni F, Nigro L, Rossi M, de Caro T, De Vito C. A comprehensive strategy for exploring corrosion in iron-based artefacts through advanced Multiscale X-ray Microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6125. [PMID: 35414686 PMCID: PMC9005549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The best strategy to tackle complexity when analyzing corrosion in iron artefacts is to combine different analytical methods. Traditional techniques provide effective means to identify the chemistry and mineralogy of corrosion products. Nevertheless, a further step is necessary to upgrade the understanding of the corrosion evolution in three dimensions. In this regard, Multiscale X-ray Microscopy (XRM) enables multi-length scale visualization of the whole object and provides the spatial distribution of corrosion phases. Herein, we propose an integrated workflow to explore corrosion mechanisms in an iron-nail from Motya (Italy) through destructive and non-destructive techniques, which permit the extraction of the maximum information with the minimum sampling. The results reveal the internal structure of the artefact and the structural discontinuities which lead the corrosion, highlighting the compositional differences between the tip and the head of the iron nail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bernabale
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Cognigni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nigro
- Department Italian Institute of Oriental Studies-ISO, Sapienza University of Rome, Circonvallazione Tiburtina 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Tilde de Caro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati-National Research Council (ISMN-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina De Vito
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Serbest H, Bakırdere S, Keyf S. Determination of Silver in Metal Plating Wastewater by Slotted Quartz Tube Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) after Preconcentration with Stearic Acid-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticle-Based Solid-Phase Microextraction (SA-MNP-SPME). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1986718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Serbest
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyfullah Keyf
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Di Turo F, Moro G, Artesani A, Albertin F, Bettuzzi M, Cristofori D, Moretto LM, Traviglia A. Chemical analysis and computed tomography of metallic inclusions in Roman glass to unveil ancient coloring methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11187. [PMID: 34045535 PMCID: PMC8160351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the analysis of two near-spherical metallic inclusions partially incorporated within two Roman raw glass slags in order to elucidate the process that induced their formation and to determine whether their presence was related to ancient glass colouring processes. The theory of metallic scraps or powder being used in Roman times for glass-making and colouring purposes is widely accepted by the archaeological scientific community, although the assumption has been mainly based on oral traditions and documented medieval practices of glass processing. The analysis of the two inclusions, carried out by X-ray computed tomography, electrochemical analyses, and scanning electron microscopy, revealed their material composition, corrosion and internal structure. Results indicate that the two metallic bodies originated when, during the melting phase of glass, metal scraps were added to colour the material: the colloidal metal-glass system reached then a supersaturation condition and the latter ultimately induced metal expulsion and agglomeration. According to the authors' knowledge, these two inclusions represent the first documented and studied finds directly associated with the ancient practise of adding metallic agents to colour glass, and their analysis provides clear insights into the use of metallic waste in the glass colouring process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Turo
- Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 30175, Venice, Italy
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Alessia Artesani
- Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 30175, Venice, Italy
| | - Fauzia Albertin
- Historical Museum of Physics and the Enrico Fermi Study and Research Center - CREF, 00184, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Bettuzzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- INFN - National Institute of Nuclear Physics, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Cristofori
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172, Venice, Italy
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Centre for Electron Microscopy "Giovanni Stevanato", 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 30175, Venice, Italy
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - Arianna Traviglia
- Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 30175, Venice, Italy.
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Terzioğlu D, Dalgıç Bozyiğit G, Fırat Ayyıldız M, Chormey DS, Bakırdere S. Combination of Slotted Quartz Tube Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Trace Determination of Silver in Electroplating Rinse Bath. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1780603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Terzioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Dalgıç Bozyiğit
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara, Turkey
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Microstructure and chemical composition of Roman orichalcum coins emitted after the monetary reform of Augustus (23 B.C.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:12668. [PMID: 31481740 PMCID: PMC6722059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of ancient Roman orichalcum coins, i.e., a copper-zinc alloy, minted under the reigns from Caesar to Domitianus, have been characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). We studied, for the first time, coins emitted by Romans after the reforms of Augustus (23 B.C.) and Nero (63–64 A.D). These coins, consisting of asses, sestertii, dupondii and semisses, were analysed using non- and invasive analyses, aiming to explore microstructure, corrosive process and to acquire quantitative chemical analysis. The results revealed that the coins are characterized by porous external layers, which are affected by dezincification and decuprification processes. As pictured by the X-ray maps, the elemental distribution of Cu and Zn shows patterns of depletion that in some cases penetrate in deep up to 1 mm. The composition of the un-corroded nucleus is a Cu-Zn alloy containing up to 30% of Zn, typical of coins produced via cementation process.
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Fabrizi L, Di Turo F, Medeghini L, Di Fazio M, Catalli F, De Vito C. The application of non-destructive techniques for the study of corrosion patinas of ten Roman silver coins: The case of the medieval Grosso Romanino. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Di Fazio M, Di Turo F, Medeghini L, Fabrizi L, Catalli F, De Vito C. New insights on medieval Provisini silver coins by a combination of non-destructive and micro-invasive techniques. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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