1
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Brea Guerrero A, Oijala M, Moseley SC, Tang T, Fletcher F, Zheng Y, Sanchez LM, Clark BJ, Mcnaughton BL, Wilber AA. An Integrated Platform for In Vivo Electrophysiology in Spatial Cognition Experiments. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0274-23.2023. [PMID: 37989581 PMCID: PMC10668213 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0274-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial cognition research requires behavioral paradigms that can distinguish between different navigational elements, such as allocentric (map-like) navigation and egocentric (e.g., body centered) navigation. To fill this need, we developed a flexible experimental platform that can be quickly modified without the need for significant changes to software and hardware. In this paper, we present this inexpensive and flexible behavioral platform paired with software which we are making freely available. Our behavioral platform serves as the foundation for a range of experiments, and although developed for assessing spatial cognition, it also has applications in the nonspatial domain of behavioral testing. There are two components of the software platform, "Maze" and "Stim Trigger." While intended as a general platform, presently both programs can work in conjunction with Neuralynx and Open Ephys electrophysiology acquisition systems, allowing for precise time stamping of neural events. The Maze program includes functionality for automatic reward delivery based on user defined zones. "Stim Trigger" permits control of brain stimulation via any equipment that can be paired with an Arduino board. We seek to share our software and leverage the potential by expanding functionality in the future to meet the needs of a larger community of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Brea Guerrero
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
| | - Mikko Oijala
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA
| | - Shawn C Moseley
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
| | - Te Tang
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
| | - Fred Fletcher
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
| | - Yicheng Zheng
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
| | - Lilliana M Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, NM
| | - Benjamin J Clark
- Department of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, NM
| | - Bruce L Mcnaughton
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, 92697, CA
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Aaron A Wilber
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306-4301, FL
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2
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Carrero L, Antequera D, Alcalde I, Megias D, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Gutierrez C, Merayo-Lloves J, Wandosell F, Municio C, Carro E. Altered Clock Gene Expression in Female APP/PS1 Mice and Aquaporin-Dependent Amyloid Accumulation in the Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15679. [PMID: 37958666 PMCID: PMC10648501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by different pathological symptomatology, including disrupted circadian rhythm. The regulation of circadian rhythm depends on the light information that is projected from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Studies of AD patients and AD transgenic mice have revealed AD retinal pathology, including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation that can directly interfere with the regulation of the circadian cycle. Although the cause of AD pathology is poorly understood, one of the main risk factors for AD is female gender. Here, we found that female APP/PS1 mice at 6- and 12-months old display severe circadian rhythm disturbances and retinal pathological hallmarks, including Aβ deposits in retinal layers. Since brain Aβ transport is facilitated by aquaporin (AQP)4, the expression of AQPs were also explored in APP/PS1 retina to investigate a potential correlation between retinal Aβ deposits and AQPs expression. Important reductions in AQP1, AQP4, and AQP5 were detected in the retinal tissue of these transgenic mice, mainly at 6-months of age. Taken together, our findings suggest that abnormal transport of Aβ, mediated by impaired AQPs expression, contributes to the retinal degeneration in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrero
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Desireé Antequera
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Ignacio Alcalde
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, 28012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.A.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Diego Megias
- Advanced Optical Microscopy Unit, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-G.); (F.W.)
| | - Cristina Gutierrez
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Jesús Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, 28012 Oviedo, Spain; (I.A.); (J.M.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-G.); (F.W.)
| | - Cristina Municio
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.C.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
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3
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Grieco SF, Holmes TC, Xu X. Probing neural circuit mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease using novel technologies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4407-4420. [PMID: 36959497 PMCID: PMC10827671 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has traditionally focused on neuropathological mechanisms that has guided therapies that attenuate neuropathological features. A new direction is emerging in AD research that focuses on the progressive loss of cognitive function due to disrupted neural circuit mechanisms. Evidence from humans and animal models of AD show that dysregulated circuits initiate a cascade of pathological events that culminate in functional loss of learning, memory, and other aspects of cognition. Recent progress in single-cell, spatial, and circuit omics informs this circuit-focused approach by determining the identities, locations, and circuitry of the specific cells affected by AD. Recently developed neuroscience tools allow for precise access to cell type-specific circuitry so that their functional roles in AD-related cognitive deficits and disease progression can be tested. An integrated systems-level understanding of AD-associated neural circuit mechanisms requires new multimodal and multi-scale interrogations that longitudinally measure and/or manipulate the ensemble properties of specific molecularly-defined neuron populations first susceptible to AD. These newly developed technological and conceptual advances present new opportunities for studying and treating circuits vulnerable in AD and represent the beginning of a new era for circuit-based AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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4
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Lopes JR, Zhang X, Mayrink J, Tatematsu BK, Guo L, LeServe DS, Abou-El-Hassan H, Rong F, Dalton MJ, Oliveira MG, Lanser TB, Liu L, Butovsky O, Rezende RM, Weiner HL. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorates disease in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309221120. [PMID: 37669383 PMCID: PMC10500187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309221120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neuroinflammation, particularly that orchestrated by microglia, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Danger signals including dead neurons, dystrophic axons, phosphorylated tau, and amyloid plaques alter the functional phenotype of microglia from a homeostatic (M0) to a neurodegenerative or disease-associated phenotype, which in turn drives neuroinflammation and promotes disease. Thus, therapies that target microglia activation constitute a unique approach for treating AD. Here, we report that nasally administered anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the 3xTg AD mouse model reduced microglial activation and improved cognition independent of amyloid beta deposition. In addition, gene expression analysis demonstrated decreased oxidative stress, increased axogenesis and synaptic organization, and metabolic changes in the hippocampus and cortex of nasal anti-CD3 treated animals. The beneficial effect of nasal anti-CD3 was associated with the accumulation of T cells in the brain where they were in close contact with microglial cells. Taken together, our findings identify nasal anti-CD3 as a unique form of immunotherapy to treat Alzheimer's disease independent of amyloid beta targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R. Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Julia Mayrink
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Bruna K. Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Danielle S. LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Felipe Rong
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Maria J. Dalton
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Marilia G. Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Toby B. Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Rafael M. Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- The Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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5
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GUERRERO ABREA, OIJALA M, MOSELEY SC, TANG T, FLETCHER F, ZHENG Y, SANCHEZ L, CLARK BJ, MCNAUGHTON BL, WILBER AA. An Integrated Platform for in vivo Electrophysiology in Spatial Cognition Experiments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.02.551691. [PMID: 37577676 PMCID: PMC10418273 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.02.551691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial cognition research requires behavioral paradigms that can distinguish between different navigational elements, such as allocentric (map-like) navigation and egocentric (e.g., body centered) navigation. To fill this need, we developed a flexible experimental platform that can be quickly modified without the need for significant changes to software and hardware. In this paper, we present this inexpensive and flexible behavioral platform paired with software which we are making freely available. Our behavioral platform serves as the foundation for a range of experiments, and though developed for assessing spatial cognition, it also has applications in the non-spatial domain of behavioral testing. There are two components of the software platform, 'Maze' and 'Stim Trigger'. Both programs can work in conjunction with electrophysiology acquisition systems, allowing for precise time stamping of neural events with behavior. The Maze program includes functionality for automatic reward delivery based on user defined zones. 'Stim Trigger' permits control of brain stimulation via any equipment that can be paired with an Arduino board. We seek to share our software and leverage the potential by expanding functionality in the future to meet the needs of a larger community of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. BREA GUERRERO
- Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, FL
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - M. OIJALA
- Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - S. C. MOSELEY
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - T. TANG
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - F. FLETCHER
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Y. ZHENG
- Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, FL
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - L.M. SANCHEZ
- Dept. of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - B. J. CLARK
- Dept. of Psychology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - B. L. MCNAUGHTON
- Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
- The Univ. of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A. A. WILBER
- Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, FL
- Psychology Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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6
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Phospholipase D1 Attenuation Therapeutics Promotes Resilience against Synaptotoxicity in 12-Month-Old 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Progressive Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043372. [PMID: 36834781 PMCID: PMC9967100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abrogating synaptotoxicity in age-related neurodegenerative disorders is an extremely promising area of research with significant neurotherapeutic implications in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our studies using human clinical samples and mouse models demonstrated that aberrantly elevated phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau-driven synaptic dysfunction and underlying memory deficits. While knocking out the lipolytic PLD1 gene is not detrimental to survival across species, elevated expression is implicated in cancer, cardiovascular conditions and neuropathologies, leading to the successful development of well-tolerated mammalian PLD isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors. Here, we address the importance of PLD1 attenuation, achieved using repeated 1 mg/kg of VU0155069 (VU01) intraperitoneally every alternate day for a month in 3xTg-AD mice beginning only from ~11 months of age (with greater influence of tau-driven insults) compared to age-matched vehicle (0.9% saline)-injected siblings. A multimodal approach involving behavior, electrophysiology and biochemistry corroborate the impact of this pre-clinical therapeutic intervention. VU01 proved efficacious in preventing in later stage AD-like cognitive decline affecting perirhinal cortex-, hippocampal- and amygdala-dependent behaviors. Glutamate-dependent HFS-LTP and LFS-LTD improved. Dendritic spine morphology showed the preservation of mushroom and filamentous spine characteristics. Differential PLD1 immunofluorescence and co-localization with Aβ were noted.
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Suresh P, Jasmin S, Yen Y, Hsu HJ, Varinthra P, Pairojana T, Chen CC, Liu IY. Attenuation of HECT-E3 ligase expression rescued memory deficits in 3xTg-AD mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:916904. [PMID: 35966798 PMCID: PMC9372289 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.916904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders that cause deterioration of cognitive functions. Recent studies suggested that the accumulation of inflammatory molecules and impaired protein degradation mechanisms might both play a critical role in the progression of AD. Autophagy is a major protein degradation pathway that can be controlled by several HECT-E3 ligases, which then regulates the expression of inflammatory molecules. E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to be upregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we studied the expressional change of HECT-E3 ligase using M01 on autophagy and inflammasome pathways in the context of AD pathogenesis. Our results demonstrated that the M01 treatment reversed the working memory deficits in 3xTg-AD mice when examined with the T-maze and reversal learning with the Morris water maze. Additionally, the electrophysiology recordings indicated that M01 treatment enhanced the long-term potentiation in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. Together with the improved memory performance, the expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome protein were decreased. On the other hand, autophagy-related molecules were increased in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice. Furthermore, the protein docking analysis indicated that the binding affinity of M01 to the WWP1 and NEDD4 E3 ligases was the highest among the HECT family members. The western blot analysis also confirmed the decreased expression level of NEDD4 protein in the M01-treated 3xTg-AD mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that the modulation of HECT-E3 ligase expression level can be used as a strategy to treat early memory deficits in AD by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome molecules and increasing the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Suresh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Sureka Jasmin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Yun Yen
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Translational Research, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | | | - Tanita Pairojana
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ingrid Y. Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ingrid Y. Liu
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8
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Gannon OJ, Robison LS, Salinero AE, Abi-Ghanem C, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Tyagi A, Brawley RR, Ogg JD, Zuloaga KL. High-fat diet exacerbates cognitive decline in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and mixed dementia in a sex-dependent manner. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:110. [PMID: 35568928 PMCID: PMC9107741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 70% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients have co-morbid vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); this highly prevalent overlap of dementia subtypes is known as mixed dementia (MxD). AD is more prevalent in women, while VCID is slightly more prevalent in men. Sex differences in risk factors may contribute to sex differences in dementia subtypes. Unlike metabolically healthy women, diabetic women are more likely to develop VCID than diabetic men. Prediabetes is 3× more prevalent than diabetes and is linked to earlier onset of dementia in women, but not men. How prediabetes influences underlying pathology and cognitive outcomes across different dementia subtypes is unknown. To fill this gap in knowledge, we investigated the impact of diet-induced prediabetes and biological sex on cognitive function and neuropathology in mouse models of AD and MxD. METHODS Male and female 3xTg-AD mice received a sham (AD model) or unilateral common carotid artery occlusion surgery to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (MxD model). Mice were fed a control or high fat (HF; 60% fat) diet from 3 to 7 months of age. In both sexes, HF diet elicited a prediabetic phenotype (impaired glucose tolerance) and weight gain. RESULTS In females, but not males, metabolic consequences of a HF diet were more severe in AD or MxD mice compared to WT. In both sexes, HF-fed AD or MxD mice displayed deficits in spatial memory in the Morris water maze (MWM). In females, but not males, HF-fed AD and MxD mice also displayed impaired spatial learning in the MWM. In females, but not males, AD or MxD caused deficits in activities of daily living, regardless of diet. Astrogliosis was more severe in AD and MxD females compared to males. Further, AD/MxD females had more amyloid beta plaques and hippocampal levels of insoluble amyloid beta 40 and 42 than AD/MxD males. In females, but not males, more severe glucose intolerance (prediabetes) was correlated with increased hippocampal microgliosis. CONCLUSIONS High-fat diet had a wider array of metabolic, cognitive, and neuropathological consequences in AD and MxD females compared to males. These findings shed light on potential underlying mechanisms by which prediabetes may lead to earlier dementia onset in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J. Gannon
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Lisa S. Robison
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA ,grid.261241.20000 0001 2168 8324Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA ,grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Abigail E. Salinero
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Febronia M. Mansour
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Richard D. Kelly
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Alvira Tyagi
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Rebekah R. Brawley
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Jordan D. Ogg
- grid.264307.40000 0000 9688 1551Department of Psychology, Stetson University, 421 N Woodland Blvd, DeLand, FL 32723 USA
| | - Kristen L. Zuloaga
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue; MC-136, Albany, NY 12208 USA
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9
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Ceyzériat K, Tournier BB, Millet P, Dipasquale G, Koutsouvelis N, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V, Zilli T. Low-Dose Radiation Therapy Reduces Amyloid Load in Young 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:641-653. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) has been shown to decrease amyloidosis or inflammation in systemic diseases and has recently been proposed as possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A positive effect of LD-RT on tauopathy, the other marker of AD, has also been suggested. These effects have been shown in preclinical studies, but their mechanisms are still not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate if anti-amyloid and anti-inflammatory effects of LD-RT can be observed at an early stage of the disease. Its impact on tauopathy and behavioral alterations was also investigated. Methods: The whole brain of 12-month-old 3xTg-AD mice was irradiated with 10 Gy in 5 daily fractions of 2 Gy. Mice underwent behavioral tests before and 8 weeks post treatment. Amyloid load, tauopathy, and neuroinflammation were measured using histology and/or ELISA. Results: Compared with wild-type animals, 3xTg-AD mice showed a moderate amyloid and tau pathology restricted to the hippocampus, a glial reactivity restricted to the proximity of amyloid plaques. LD-RT significantly reduced Aβ 42 aggregated forms (–71%) in the hippocampus and tended to reduce other forms in the hippocampus and frontal cortex but did not affect tauopathy or cognitive performance. A trend for neuroinflammation markers reduction was also observed. Conclusion: When applied at an early stage, LD-RT reduced amyloid load and possibly neuroinflammation markers, with no impact on tauopathy. The long-term persistence of these beneficial effects of LD-RT should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ceyzériat
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B. Tournier
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Dipasquale
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouvelis
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni B. Frisoni
- Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, and LANVIE, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, and NimtLab, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Zilli
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Dennison JL, Volmar CH, Ke D, Wang J, Gravel E, Hammond-Vignini S, Li Z, Timmons JA, Lohse I, Hayward MA, Brothers SP, Wahlestedt C. JOTROL, a Novel Formulation of Resveratrol, Shows Beneficial Effects in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:173-190. [PMID: 35034905 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) has minimally effective treatments currently. High concentrations of resveratrol, a polyphenol antioxidant found in plants, have been reported to affect several AD-related and neuroprotective genes. To address the low bioavailability of resveratrol, we investigated a novel oral formulation of resveratrol, JOTROL™, that has shown increased pharmacokinetic properties compared to non-formulated resveratrol in animals and in humans. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that equivalent doses of JOTROL, compared to non-formulated resveratrol, would result in greater brain exposure to resveratrol, and more efficacious responses on AD biomarkers. METHODS For sub-chronic reversal studies, 15-month-old male triple transgenic (APPSW/PS1M146V/TauP301L; 3xTg-AD) AD mice were treated orally with vehicle or 50 mg/kg JOTROL for 36 days. For prophylactic studies, male and female 3xTg-AD mice were similarly administered vehicle, 50 mg/kg JOTROL, or 50 mg/kg resveratrol for 9 months starting at 4 months of age. A behavioral battery was run, and mRNA and protein from brain and blood were analyzed for changes in AD-related gene and protein expression. RESULTS JOTROL displays significantly increased bioavailability over non-formulated resveratrol. Treatment with JOTROL resulted in AD-related gene expression changes (Adam10, Bace1, Bdnf, Psen1) some of which were brain region-dependent and sex-specific, as well as changes in inflammatory gene and cytokine levels. CONCLUSION JOTROL may be effective as a prophylaxis and/or treatment for AD through increased expression and/or activation of neuroprotective genes, suppression of pro-inflammatory genes, and regulation of central and peripheral cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Danbing Ke
- KDM Laboratories Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Wang
- KDM Laboratories Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Zuomei Li
- NuChem Sciences Inc., St. Laurent, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Fingolimod Rescues Memory and Improves Pathological Hallmarks in the 3xTg-AD Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1882-1895. [PMID: 35031916 PMCID: PMC8882098 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely focused on the regulation of amyloid pathology while those targeting tau pathology, and inflammatory mechanisms are less explored. In this regard, drugs with multimodal and concurrent targeting of Aβ, tau, and inflammatory processes may offer advantages. Here, we investigate one such candidate drug in the triple transgenic 3xTg-AD mouse model of AD, namely the disease-modifying oral neuroimmunomodulatory therapeutic used in patients with multiple sclerosis, called fingolimod. In this study, administration of fingolimod was initiated after behavioral symptoms are known to emerge, at 6 months of age. Treatment continued to 12 months when behavioral tests were performed and thereafter histological and biochemical analysis was conducted on postmortem tissue. The results demonstrate that fingolimod reverses deficits in spatial working memory at 8 and 12 months of age as measured by novel object location and Morris water maze tests. Inflammation in the brain is alleviated as demonstrated by reduced Iba1-positive and CD3-positive cell number, less ramified microglial morphology, and improved cytokine profile. Finally, treatment with fingolimod was shown to reduce phosphorylated tau and APP levels in the hippocampus and cortex. These results highlight the potential of fingolimod as a multimodal therapeutic for the treatment of AD.
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12
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Xu B, He Y, Liu L, Ye G, Chen L, Wang Q, Chen M, Chen Y, Long D. The Effects of Physical Running on Dendritic Spines and Amyloid-beta Pathology in 3xTg-AD Male Mice. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1293-1310. [PMID: 35855335 PMCID: PMC9286906 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory loss is the key symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As successful drug treatments have not yet been identified, non-pharmaceutical interventions such as physical exercise and training have been employed to improve the memory function of people with dementia. We investigated the effect of prolonged physical running on hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and its underlying mechanisms using a well-established rodent model of AD. 3xTg-AD transgenic mice and non-transgenic mice were subjected to voluntary wheel running for 5 months (1 hour per day, 5 days per week), followed by spatial memory testing. After the behavioral testing, dendritic spines, synapses, and synaptic proteins as well as amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology were analyzed in the dorsal hippocampi. Running improved hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in 3xTg-AD mice. This running strategy prevented both thin and mushroom-type spines on CA1 pyramidal cells in 3xTg-AD mice, whereas the effects of running in non-transgenic mice were limited to thin spines. The enormous effects of running on spines were accompanied by an increased number of synapses and upregulated expression of synaptic proteins. Notably, running downregulated the processing of amyloid precursor protein, decreasing intracellular APP expression and extracellular Aβ accumulation, and spatial memory performance correlated with levels of Aβ peptides Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. These data suggest that prolonged running may improve memory in preclinical AD via slowing down the amyloid pathology and preventing the loss of synaptic contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benke Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei 434023, China.
| | - Yun He
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei 434023, China.
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei 434023, China.
| | - Guosheng Ye
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Lulu Chen
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Qingning Wang
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Michael Chen
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yuncai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Dahong Long, Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China. E-mail: or Dr. Yuncai Chen, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA. E-mail:
| | - Dahong Long
- Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Dahong Long, Key Lab of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China. E-mail: or Dr. Yuncai Chen, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA. E-mail:
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13
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Lin X, Chen L, Baglietto-Vargas D, Kamalipour P, Ye Q, LaFerla FM, Nitz DA, Holmes TC, Xu X. Spatial coding defects of hippocampal neural ensemble calcium activities in the triple-transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105562. [PMID: 34838667 PMCID: PMC9482454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes progressive age-related defects in memory and cognitive function and has emerged as a major health and socio-economic concern in the US and worldwide. To develop effective therapeutic treatments for AD, we need to better understand the neural mechanisms by which AD causes memory loss and cognitive deficits. Here we examine large-scale hippocampal neural population calcium activities imaged at single cell resolution in a triple-transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mouse model (3xTg-AD) that presents both amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary pathological features along with age-related behavioral defects. To measure encoding of environmental location in hippocampal neural ensembles in the 3xTg-AD mice in vivo, we performed GCaMP6-based calcium imaging using head-mounted, miniature fluorescent microscopes (“miniscopes”) on freely moving animals. We compared hippocampal CA1 excitatory neural ensemble activities during open-field exploration and track-based route-running behaviors in age-matched AD and control mice at young (3–6.5 months old) and old (18–21 months old) ages. During open-field exploration, 3xTg-AD CA1 excitatory cells display significantly higher calcium activity rates compared with Non-Tg controls for both the young and old age groups, suggesting that in vivo enhanced neuronal calcium ensemble activity is a disease feature. CA1 neuronal populations of 3xTg-AD mice show lower spatial information scores compared with control mice. The spatial firing of CA1 neurons of old 3xTg-AD mice also displays higher sparsity and spatial coherence, indicating less place specificity for spatial representation. We find locomotor speed significantly modulates the amplitude of hippocampal neural calcium ensemble activities to a greater extent in 3xTg-AD mice during open field exploration. Our data offer new and comprehensive information about age-dependent neural circuit activity changes in this important AD mouse model and provide strong evidence that spatial coding defects in the neuronal population activities are associated with AD pathology and AD-related memory behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Lujia Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento Biologia Celular, Genetica y Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga 29071, Spain; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorder, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Parsa Kamalipour
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Qiao Ye
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorder, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Douglas A Nitz
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America; Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorder, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
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14
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Stimmell AC, Xu Z, Moseley SC, Benthem SD, Fernandez DM, Dang JV, Santos-Molina LF, Anzalone RA, Garcia-Barbon CL, Rodriguez S, Dixon JR, Wu W, Wilber AA. Tau Pathology Profile Across a Parietal-Hippocampal Brain Network Is Associated With Spatial Reorientation Learning and Memory Performance in the 3xTg-AD Mouse. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2. [PMID: 34746919 PMCID: PMC8570590 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.655015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In early Alzheimer's disease (AD) spatial navigation is one of the first impairments to emerge; however, the precise cause of this impairment is unclear. Previously, we showed that, in a mouse model of tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, getting lost represents, at least in part, a failure to use distal cues to get oriented in space and that impaired parietal-hippocampal network level plasticity during sleep may underlie this spatial disorientation. However, the relationship between tau and amyloid beta aggregation in this brain network and impaired spatial orientation has not been assessed. Therefore, we used several approaches, including canonical correlation analysis and independent components analysis tools, to examine the relationship between pathology profile across the parietal-hippocampal brain network and spatial reorientation learning and memory performance. We found that consistent with the exclusive impairment in 3xTg-AD 6-month female mice, only 6-month female mice had an ICA identified pattern of tau pathology across the parietal-hippocampal network that were positively correlated with behavior. Specifically, a higher density of pTau positive cells predicted worse spatial learning and memory. Surprisingly, despite a lack of impairment relative to controls, 3-month female, as well as 6- and 12- month male mice all had patterns of tau pathology across the parietal-hippocampal brain network that are predictive of spatial learning and memory performance. However, the direction of the effect was opposite, a negative correlation, meaning that a higher density of pTau positive cells predicted better performance. Finally, there were not significant group or region differences in M78 density at any of the ages examined and ICA analyses were not able to identify any patterns of 6E10 staining across brain regions that were significant predictors of behavioral performance. Thus, the pattern of pTau staining across the parietal-hippocampal network is a strong predictor of spatial learning and memory performance, even for mice with low levels of tau accumulation and intact spatial re-orientation learning and memory. This suggests that AD may cause spatial disorientation as a result of early tau accumulation in the parietal-hippocampal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina C Stimmell
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Zishen Xu
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Shawn C Moseley
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sarah D Benthem
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Diana M Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jessica V Dang
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Luis F Santos-Molina
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Rosina A Anzalone
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Carolina L Garcia-Barbon
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Stephany Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Jessica R Dixon
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Aaron A Wilber
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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15
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Cone AS, Yuan X, Sun L, Duke LC, Vreones MP, Carrier AN, Kenyon SM, Carver SR, Benthem SD, Stimmell AC, Moseley SC, Hike D, Grant SC, Wilber AA, Olcese JM, Meckes DG. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate Alzheimer's disease-like phenotypes in a preclinical mouse model. Theranostics 2021; 11:8129-8142. [PMID: 34373732 PMCID: PMC8344012 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 44 million people worldwide. Despite the high disease burden, there is no effective treatment for people suffering from AD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that have been widely studied due to their therapeutic potential. However, administration of cells has been found to have a multitude of limitations. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from MSCs have been studied as a therapeutic candidate, as they exhibit similar immunoprotective and immunomodulatory abilities as the host human MSCs. Methods: To test the potential therapeutic effects of MSC EVs, human bone-marrow derived MSCs were grown in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, and small EVs were harvested using differential ultracentrifugation. These small EVs were given to non-transgenic (NT) or 5XFAD (5 familial Alzheimer's disease mutations) mice intranasally (IN) every 4 days for 4 months. The mice were then required to perform a variety of behavioral assays to measure changes in learning and memory. Afterwards, immunohistochemistry was performed on brain slices to measure amyloid beta (Aβ) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels. Results: The data revealed that 5XFAD mice that received hMSC-EV treatment behaved significantly better in cognitive tests than saline treated 5XFAD mice, with no significant change between EV-treated 5XFAD mice and NT mice. Additionally, we found lower Aβ plaque load in the hippocampus of the EV-treated mice. Finally, less colocalization between GFAP and Aβ plaques was found in the brain of EV-treated mice compared to saline. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that IN administration of MSC-derived EVs can slow down AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allaura S. Cone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Leanne C. Duke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael P. Vreones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Allison N. Carrier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Kenyon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Spencer R. Carver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Sarah D. Benthem
- Department of Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Alina C. Stimmell
- Department of Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Shawn C. Moseley
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - David Hike
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Samuel C. Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University and Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - Aaron A. Wilber
- Department of Neuroscience, Florida State University College of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - James M. Olcese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - David G. Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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16
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Fung ITH, Zhang Y, Shin DS, Sankar P, Sun X, D'Souza SS, Song R, Kuentzel ML, Chittur SV, Zuloaga KL, Yang Q. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are numerically and functionally deficient in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:152. [PMID: 34229727 PMCID: PMC8261980 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune pathways in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain incompletely understood. Our recent study indicates that tissue-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) accumulate in the brain barriers of aged mice and that their activation alleviates aging-associated cognitive decline. The regulation and function of ILC2 in AD, however, remain unknown. Methods In this study, we examined the numbers and functional capability of ILC2 from the triple transgenic AD mice (3xTg-AD) and control wild-type mice. We investigated the effects of treatment with IL-5, a cytokine produced by ILC2, on the cognitive function of 3xTg-AD mice. Results We demonstrate that brain-associated ILC2 are numerically and functionally defective in the triple transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD). The numbers of brain-associated ILC2 were greatly reduced in 7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice of both sexes, compared to those in age- and sex-matched control wild-type mice. The remaining ILC2 in 3xTg-AD mice failed to efficiently produce the type 2 cytokine IL-5 but gained the capability to express a number of proinflammatory genes. Administration of IL-5, a cytokine produced by ILC2, transiently improved spatial recognition and learning in 3xTg-AD mice. Conclusion Our results collectively indicate that numerical and functional deficiency of ILC2 might contribute to the cognitive impairment of 3xTg-AD mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02202-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ting Hin Fung
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Damian S Shin
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Poornima Sankar
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Xiangwan Sun
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Shanti S D'Souza
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Renjie Song
- Biochemistry & Immunology Core Facility at Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marcy L Kuentzel
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Sridar V Chittur
- Center for Functional Genomics, University at Albany-SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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17
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Dennison JL, Ricciardi NR, Lohse I, Volmar CH, Wahlestedt C. Sexual Dimorphism in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model and Its Impact on Pre-Clinical Research. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:41-52. [PMID: 33459720 PMCID: PMC8075398 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Female sex is a leading risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Sexual dimorphism in AD is gaining attention as clinical data show that women are not only more likely to develop AD but also to experience worse pathology and faster cognitive decline. Pre-clinical AD research in animal models often neglects to address sexual dimorphism in evaluation of behavioral or molecular characteristics and outcomes. This can compromise its translation to a clinical setting. The triple-transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD) is a commonly used but unique AD model because it exhibits both amyloid and tau pathology, essential features of the human AD phenotype. Mounting evidence has revealed important sexually dimorphic characteristics of this animal model that have yet to be reviewed and thus, are often overlooked in studies using the 3xTg-AD model. In this review we conduct a thorough analysis of reports of sexual dimorphism in the 3xTg-AD model including findings of molecular, behavioral, and longevity-related sex differences in original research articles through August 2020. Importantly, we find results to be inconsistent, and that strain source and differing methodologies are major contributors to lack of consensus regarding traits of each sex. We first touch on the nature of sexual dimorphism in clinical AD, followed by a brief summary of sexual dimorphism in other major AD murine models before discussing the 3xTg-AD model in depth. We conclude by offering four suggestions to help unify pre-clinical mouse model AD research inspired by the NIH expectations for considering sex as a biological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Dennison
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalie R Ricciardi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Reorientation by features and geometry: Effects of healthy and degenerative age-related cognitive decline. Learn Behav 2020; 48:124-134. [PMID: 31916194 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-019-00401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability to orient is critical for mobile species. Two visual cues, geometry (e.g., distance and direction) and features (e.g., colour and texture) are often used when establishing one's orientation. Previous research has shown the use of these cues, in particular, geometry, may decline with healthy aging. Few studies have examined whether degenerative aging processes show similar time points for the decline of geometry use. The present study examined this issue by training adult and aged mice from two strains, a healthy wild-type and an Alzheimer's model, to search for a hidden platform in a rectangular water maze. The shape of the maze provided geometric information, and distinctive features were displayed on the walls. Following training, manipulations to the features were made to examine whether the mice were able to use the features and geometry, and whether they showed a preference between these two cue types. Results showed that although Alzheimer's transgenic mice were slower to learn the task, overall age rather than strain, was associated with a degradation in use of geometry. However, the presence of seemingly uninformative features (due to their redundancy) facilitated the use of geometry. Additionally, when features and geometry provided conflicting information, only young wild-type mice showed a primary use of features. Our results suggest the failure to use geometry may be a generalized function of aging, and not a diagnostic feature of degeneration for mice. Whether this is also the case for other mammals, such as humans for which the mouse is an important medical model, remains to be examined.
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Role of Kalirin and mouse strain in retention of spatial memory training in an Alzheimer's disease model mouse line. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:69-80. [PMID: 32768866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nontransgenic and 3xTG transgenic mice, which express mutant transgenes encoding human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) along with Alzheimer's disease-associated versions of hTau and a presenilin mutation, acquired the Barnes Maze escape task equivalently at 3-9 months of age. Although nontransgenics retested at 6 and 9 months acquired the escape task more quickly than naïve mice, 3xTG mice did not. Deficits in Kalirin, a multidomain protein scaffold and guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates dendritic spines, has been proposed as a contributor to the cognitive decline observed in Alzheimer's disease. To test whether deficits in Kalirin might amplify deficits in 3xTG mice, mice heterozygous/hemizygous for Kalirin and the 3xTG transgenes were generated. Mouse strain, age and sex affected cortical expression of key proteins. hAPP levels in 3xTG mice increased total APP levels at all ages. Kalirin expression showed strong sex-dependent expression in C57 but not B6129 mice. Decreasing Kalirin levels to half had no effect on Barnes Maze task acquisition or retraining in 3xTG hemizygous mice.
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Benthem SD, Skelin I, Moseley SC, Stimmell AC, Dixon JR, Melilli AS, Molina L, McNaughton BL, Wilber AA. Impaired Hippocampal-Cortical Interactions during Sleep in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2588-2601.e5. [PMID: 32470367 PMCID: PMC7356567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Spatial learning is impaired in humans with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). We reported similar impairments in 3xTg-AD mice learning a spatial reorientation task. Memory reactivation during sleep is critical for learning-related plasticity, and memory consolidation is correlated with hippocampal sharp wave ripple (SWR) density, cortical delta waves (DWs), cortical spindles, and the temporal coupling of these events-postulated as physiological substrates for memory consolidation. Further, hippocampal-cortical discoordination is prevalent in individuals with AD. Thus, we hypothesized that impaired memory consolidation mechanisms in hippocampal-cortical networks could account for spatial memory deficits. We assessed sleep architecture, SWR-DW dynamics, and memory reactivation in a mouse model of tauopathy and amyloidosis implanted with a recording array targeting isocortex and hippocampus. Mice underwent daily recording sessions of rest-task-rest while learning the spatial reorientation task. We assessed memory reactivation by matching activity patterns from the approach to the unmarked reward zone to patterns during slow-wave sleep (SWS). AD mice had more SWS, but reduced SWR density. The increased SWS compensated for reduced SWR density so there was no reduction in SWR number. In control mice, spindles were phase-coupled with DWs, and hippocampal SWR-cortical DW coupling was strengthened in post-task sleep and was correlated with performance on the spatial reorientation task the following day. However, in AD mice, SWR-DW and spindle-DW coupling were impaired. Thus, reduced SWR-DW coupling may cause impaired learning in AD, and spindle-DW coupling during short rest-task-rest sessions may serve as a biomarker for early AD-related changes in these brain dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Benthem
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Ivan Skelin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shawn C Moseley
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Alina C Stimmell
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jessica R Dixon
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Andreza S Melilli
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Leonardo Molina
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bruce L McNaughton
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Aaron A Wilber
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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