1
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Masella O, Murphy KJ, Bazalova-Carter M. Characterization of a new low-dose and low-energy Gafchromic film LD-V1. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024:e14531. [PMID: 39259853 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the dose-response, energy dependence, postexposure changes, orientation dependence, and spatial capabilities of LD-V1, a new low-dose Gafchromic film for low-energy x-ray dosimetry. METHODS A single sheet of LD-V1 Gafchromic film was cut into 15 × 20 mm2 rectangles with a notch to track orientation. Eight different doses between 5 and 320 mGy were delivered by an MXR-160/22 x-ray tube using x-ray beams of 90, 100, and 120 kVp filtered with 3 mm of Al and 2 mm of Ti. The 120 kVp films were scanned at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h postexposure in portrait orientation and additionally scanned in landscape orientation at 24 h. The 90 and 100 kVp films were scanned at 24 h postexposure in portrait orientation. Lastly, a 20 × 200 mm2 strip of film was irradiated using a thin-slit imaging collimator and scanned 24 h postexposure to test the film performance in an x-ray imaging application. RESULTS Of the three color channels, the red channel was found to produce a dose-response curve with a large range of net optical density (netOD) values across the considered dose range. A prominent energy dependence was discovered, resulting in dose discrepancies on the scale of 17 mGy between 90 and 120 kVp for a dose of 80 mGy. The measured postexposure changes suggest that the calibration irradiation-to-scan time should be longer than 12 h with a ± 4 h scanning time window for dose errors of <0.5%. An average dose difference of 3.4% was found between the two scanning orientations. Lastly, noise of 4% was measured in the thin slit collimator film for a dose of 30 mGy. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized the LD-V1 film for low-energy, low-dose x-ray dosimetry. Energy, scan-time, and orientation dependencies should be considered when using this film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliva Masella
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J Murphy
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Fratelli I, Basiricò L, Ciavatti A, Margotti L, Cepić S, Chiari M, Fraboni B. Real-Time Radiation Beam Monitoring by Flexible Perovskite Thin Film Arrays. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401124. [PMID: 39205427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time and in-line transversal monitoring of ionizing radiation beams is a crucial task for several applications which span from medical treatments to particle accelerators in high energy physics. Here a flexible and large area device based on 2D hybrid perovskite thin films (phenylethylammonium lead bromide), fabricated onto a thin flexible polyimide substrate, able to map the transversal beam profile of high energy radiation beams is reported. The performance of this novel tool is here compared with the one offered by standard commercial large-area technology, namely radiochromic sheets. The great potential of this class of devices is demonstrated by successfully mapping in real-time a 5 MeV proton beam at fluxes between 108 and 1010 H+ s-1 cm-2, confirming the capability to operate in a radiation-harsh environment without output signal saturation issues. The versatility and scalability of here proposed detecting system are demonstrated by the development of a multipixel array able to map in real-time a 40 kVp X-ray beam spot (dose rate 8 mGy s-1). Perovskite thin film-based detectors are thus assessed as a very promising class of thin, flexible devices for real-time, in-line, large-area, conformable, reusable, transparent, and low-cost transversal beam monitoring of different ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fratelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics - Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
| | - Laura Basiricò
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics - Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciavatti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics - Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Margotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
| | - Sara Cepić
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
| | - Massimo Chiari
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics - Florence, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics - Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Bologna (BO), 40127, Italy
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3
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Matias F, Silva TF, Koval NE, Pereira JJN, Antunes PCG, Siqueira PTD, Tabacniks MH, Yoriyaz H, Shorto JMB, Grande PL. Efficient computational modeling of electronic stopping power of organic polymers for proton therapy optimization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9868. [PMID: 38684890 PMCID: PMC11058815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive study delves into the intricate interplay between protons and organic polymers, offering insights into proton therapy in cancer treatment. Focusing on the influence of the spatial electron density distribution on stopping power estimates, we employed real-time time-dependent density functional theory coupled with the Penn method. Surprisingly, the assumption of electron density homogeneity in polymers is fundamentally flawed, resulting in an overestimation of stopping power values at energies below 2 MeV. Moreover, the Bragg rule application in specific compounds exhibited significant deviations from experimental data around the stopping maximum, challenging established norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Matias
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - T F Silva
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. R187, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - N E Koval
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - J J N Pereira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P C G Antunes
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P T D Siqueira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - M H Tabacniks
- Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. R187, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - H Yoriyaz
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J M B Shorto
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - P L Grande
- Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, 9500, Brazil
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4
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Clements N, Esplen N, Bateman J, Robertson C, Dosanjh M, Korysko P, Farabolini W, Corsini R, Bazalova-Carter M. Mini-GRID radiotherapy on the CLEAR very-high-energy electron beamline: collimator optimization, film dosimetry, and Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055003. [PMID: 38295408 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Spatially-fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) delivered with a very-high-energy electron (VHEE) beam and a mini-GRID collimator was investigated to achieve synergistic normal tissue-sparing through spatial fractionation and the FLASH effect.Approach.A tungsten mini-GRID collimator for delivering VHEE SFRT was optimized using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs), depths of convergence (DoCs, PVDR ≤ 1.1), and peak and valley doses in a water phantom from a simulated 150 MeV VHEE source were evaluated. Collimator thickness, hole width, and septal width were varied to determine an optimal value for each parameter that maximized PVDR and DoC. The optimized collimator (20 mm thick rectangular prism with a 15 mm × 15 mm face with a 7 × 7 array of 0.5 mm holes separated by 1.1 mm septa) was 3D-printed and used for VHEE irradiations with the CERN linear electron accelerator for research beam. Open beam and mini-GRID irradiations were performed at 140, 175, and 200 MeV and dose was recorded with radiochromic films in a water tank. PVDR, central-axis (CAX) and valley dose rates and DoCs were evaluated.Main results.Films demonstrated peak and valley dose rates on the order of 100 s of MGy/s, which could promote FLASH-sparing effects. Across the three energies, PVDRs of 2-4 at 13 mm depth and DoCs between 39 and 47 mm were achieved. Open beam and mini-GRID MC simulations were run to replicate the film results at 200 MeV. For the mini-GRID irradiations, the film CAX dose was on average 15% higher, the film valley dose was 28% higher, and the film PVDR was 15% lower than calculated by MC.Significance.Ultimately, the PVDRs and DoCs were determined to be too low for a significant potential for SFRT tissue-sparing effects to be present, particularly at depth. Further beam delivery optimization and investigations of new means of spatial fractionation are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Clements
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Nolan Esplen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Bateman
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Manjit Dosanjh
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Korysko
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Mena S, Karkour N, Alaphilippe V, Botero JP, Jiménez M, Linget D, Gibelin L, Le Ven V, Marquet A, Mellouh S, Josson E, Benassou W, Muñoz-Berbel X, Guirado G, Guardiola C. New opto-electro-mechanical sensor for two-dimensions dosimetry based on radiochromic films. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16787. [PMID: 37798315 PMCID: PMC10556105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the validation of a new Opto‒Electro-Mechanical (MOEM) system consisting of a matrix of photodetectors for two-dimensional dosimetry evaluation with radiochromic films. The proposed system is based on a 5 × 10 matrix of photodetectors controlled by both in-house electronic circuit and graphical user interface, which enables optical measurements directly. We present the first tests performed in an X-ray machine and 137Cs source with that array by using Gafchromic EBT3 films. We obtained similar results than with a standard method (e.g. flat-bed scanner). Results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations and very good agreement was found. Results show the feasibility of using this system for dose evaluations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first MOEM sensor for radiotherapy. Further developments are ongoing to create an advanced 16 × 16 LDRs system covering 1.6 cm × 1.6 cm with a 1 mm of spatial resolution. We point to develop a portable dosimetry tool delivering dose maps in real time to improve the clinical application of radiochromic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mena
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - N Karkour
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - V Alaphilippe
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - J P Botero
- Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18ª-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Jiménez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - D Linget
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - L Gibelin
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - V Le Ven
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - A Marquet
- ESME (École Supérieure Mécanique et Electronique) Sudria, Paris, France
| | - S Mellouh
- ESME (École Supérieure Mécanique et Electronique) Sudria, Paris, France
| | - E Josson
- ESME (École Supérieure Mécanique et Electronique) Sudria, Paris, France
| | - W Benassou
- Faculté de Chimie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - X Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Guardiola
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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6
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Breglio G, Bernini R, Berruti GM, Bruno FA, Buontempo S, Campopiano S, Catalano E, Consales M, Coscetta A, Cutolo A, Cutolo MA, Di Palma P, Esposito F, Fienga F, Giordano M, Iele A, Iadicicco A, Irace A, Janneh M, Laudati A, Leone M, Maresca L, Marrazzo VR, Minardo A, Pisco M, Quero G, Riccio M, Srivastava A, Vaiano P, Zeni L, Cusano A. Innovative Photonic Sensors for Safety and Security, Part III: Environment, Agriculture and Soil Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3187. [PMID: 36991894 PMCID: PMC10053851 DOI: 10.3390/s23063187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to complete this set of three companion papers, in this last, we focus our attention on environmental monitoring by taking advantage of photonic technologies. After reporting on some configurations useful for high precision agriculture, we explore the problems connected with soil water content measurement and landslide early warning. Then, we concentrate on a new generation of seismic sensors useful in both terrestrial and under water contests. Finally, we discuss a number of optical fiber sensors for use in radiation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Breglio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romeo Bernini
- Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Diocleziano 328, 81024 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gaia Maria Berruti
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Francesco Antonio Bruno
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Salvatore Buontempo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Campopiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ester Catalano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Optosensing Ltd., Via Carlo de Marco 69, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Consales
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Agnese Coscetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Antonello Cutolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Cutolo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Di Palma
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Flavio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Fienga
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Giordano
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Iele
- CERICT SCARL, CNOS Center, Viale Traiano, Palazzo ex Poste, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Agostino Iadicicco
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Irace
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohammed Janneh
- CERICT SCARL, CNOS Center, Viale Traiano, Palazzo ex Poste, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Marco Leone
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Luca Maresca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romano Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Minardo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Marco Pisco
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quero
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Michele Riccio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anubhav Srivastava
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Patrizio Vaiano
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Zeni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
- Optosensing Ltd., Via Carlo de Marco 69, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Gruppo di Optoelettronica e Fotonica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100 Benevento, Italy
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7
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Kozicki M, Maras P. Features of 2Day.QA® as a 2D radiation dosimeter. Phys Med 2022; 104:23-31. [PMID: 36356501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new commercial 2D ionising radiation dosimeter (2Day.QA®) was developed. This work aims to introduce the basic functions of 2Day.QA®. METHODS The dosimeter is made mainly of a linear polysaccharide consisting of β(1 → 4) linked d-glucose units and radiation active substances, which make it environmentally friendly. For 2Day.QA® irradiation, radiotherapy ionising radiation sources were used. The analysis of 2Day.QA® was performed using three scanners: Vidar® Red LED Dosimetry Pro Advantage™, Vidar® VXR 12-plus™ and HP Scanjet G3010 flatbed scanner. The stability of 2Day.QA® was tested. Exemplary applications of 2DayQA® for QA studies of accelerator light and radiation field coincidence and brachytherapy source position were carried out. RESULTS The dosimeter responded to the lowest applied dose of 0.95 Gy and saturated at over 94.9 Gy. The quasi-linear dose response is below 20 Gy. Vidar® Red LED Dosimetry Pro Advantage™ has proven to be superior to other scanners at determining dose effects in 2Day.QA®. The stability of the non-irradiated 2Day.QA® is at least 18 months. After 18 months of storage, the dosimeter reacted to irradiation. In the case of the irradiated samples, a slight color drift related to the absorbed dose was observed. Tests of the use of 2Day.QA® to control the quality of the accelerator light and radiation field coincidence and brachytherapy source position have shown that it can be used for such applications. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals the potential of 2Day.QA® for 2D radiation dosimetry and concludes with recommendations for the use of the dosimeter for radiotherapy QA tests.
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Vuori S, Colinet P, Lehtiö JP, Lemiere A, Norrbo I, Granström M, Konu J, Ågren G, Laukkanen P, Petit L, Airaksinen AJ, van Goethem L, Le Bahers T, Lastusaari M. Reusable radiochromic hackmanite with gamma exposure memory. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2773-2784. [PMID: 36069965 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00593j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiochromic films are used as position-sensitive dose meters in e.g. medical physics and radiation processing. The currently available films like those based on lithium-10,12-pentacosdiynoate or leucomalachite green are either toxic or non-reusable, or both. There is thus a great need for a sustainable solution for radiochromic detection. In the present work, we present a suitable candidate: hackmanite with the general formula Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2. This material is known as a natural intelligent material capable of changing color when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or X-rays. Here, we show for the first time that hackmanites are also radiochromic when exposed to alpha particles, beta particles (positrons) or gamma radiation. Combining experimental and computational data we elucidate the mechanism of gamma-induced radiochromism in hackmanites. We show that hackmanites can be used for gamma dose mapping in high dose applications as well as a memory material that has the one-of-a-kind ability to remember earlier gamma exposure. In addition to satisfying the requirements of sustainability, hackmanites are non-toxic and the films made of hackmanite are reusable thus showing great potential to replace the currently available radiochromic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Vuori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences (PCS), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pauline Colinet
- Laboratoire de Chimie, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5182, Lyon, France.
| | - Juha-Pekka Lehtiö
- University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Doctoral Programme in Physical and Chemical Sciences (PCS), FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Arnaud Lemiere
- Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Isabella Norrbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Jari Konu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Göran Ågren
- FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-90182 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pekka Laukkanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Laeticia Petit
- Photonics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Chemistry, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Ludo van Goethem
- Mineralogical Society of Antwerp, Boterlaarbaan 225, 2100 Deurne, Belgium
| | - Tangui Le Bahers
- Laboratoire de Chimie, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, UMR 5182, Lyon, France.
| | - Mika Lastusaari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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9
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Tadano K, Hayashi K, Toyohara M, Yamamoto S, Kusano Y, Minohara S, Shimono Y, Gotoh H. Elucidation of poly(vinyl alcohol) and iodide gel dosimeter characteristics by predicting changes in radical concentrations and measuring responsiveness to heavy ion beams. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Heredia Rivera U, Kadian S, Nejati S, White J, Sedaghat S, Mutlu Z, Rahimi R. Printed Low-Cost PEDOT:PSS/PVA Polymer Composite for Radiation Sterilization Monitoring. ACS Sens 2022; 7:960-971. [PMID: 35333058 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During the γ-radiation sterilization process, the levels of radiation exposure to a medical device must be carefully monitored to achieve the required sterilization without causing deleterious effects on its intended physical and chemical properties. To address this issue, here we have demonstrated the development of an all-printed disposable low-cost sensor that exploits the change in electrical impedance of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a functional polymer composite for radiation sterilization monitoring applications. Specifically, the PEDOT:PSS acts as the electrically conductive medium, while the PVA provides the ductility and stability of the printed sensors. During irradiation exposure, chain scission and cross-linking events occur concurrently in the PEDOT:PSS and PVA polymer chains, respectively. The concurrent scissoring of the PEDOT polymer and cross-linking of the PVA polymer network leads to the formation of a stable SIPN with reduced electrical conductivity, which was verified through FTIR, Raman, and TGA analysis. Systematic studies of different ratios of PEDOT:PSS and PVA mixtures were tested to identify the optimal ratio that provided the highest radiation sensitivity and stability performance. The results showed that PEDOT:PSS/PVA composites with 10 wt % PVA produced sensors with relative impedance changes of 30% after 25 kGy and up to 370% after 53 kGy (which are two of the most commonly used radiation exposure levels for sterilization applications). This composition showed high electrical impedance stability with less than ±5% change over 18 days after irradiation exposure. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a printing technology for scalable manufacturing of low-cost, flexible radiation sensors for more effective monitoring of radiation sterilization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisses Heredia Rivera
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sachin Kadian
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia White
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sotoudeh Sedaghat
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zeynep Mutlu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Romano F, Bailat C, Jorge PG, Lerch MLF, Darafsheh A. Ultra‐high dose rate dosimetry: challenges and opportunities for FLASH radiation therapy. Med Phys 2022; 49:4912-4932. [PMID: 35404484 PMCID: PMC9544810 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Romano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania Catania Italy
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne University Switzerland
| | - Patrik Gonçalves Jorge
- Institute of Radiation Physics Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne University Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
- Radio‐Oncology Laboratory DO/CHUV Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
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12
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An Innovative Real-Time Dosimeter for Radiation Hardness Assurance Tests. PHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/physics4020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of the effects of the radiation dose on devices and materials is a topic of high interest in several fields, including radiobiology, space missions, microelectronics, and high energy physics. In this paper, a new method, based on radiochromic film dosimetry, is proposed for real-time dose assessment in radiation hardness assurance tests. This method allows for correlating the radiation dose at which devices are exposed to the radiation effects (malfunctioning and/or breakdown). In previous studies, it has already been demonstrated that a system, based on optical fibers and a spectrometer, allows for the real-time dose assessment of radiochromic films. The current study not only validates our previous results, but shows that it is possible to apply the new method to an actual radiation environment for the real-time measurement of the dose delivered to a device in radiation hardness assurance tests. This new dosimeter can be used in different radiation environments for a wide dose range, from a few Gy to a few MGy. This high sensitivity can be reached by changing the radiochromic film type and/or the parameters used for the analysis.
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13
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Development of real-time measurement system for emission and absorption of visible light during heavy gamma-ray irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ganz JC. Dosimetry. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 268:9-22. [PMID: 35074097 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dosimeters used to measure radiation dose produce a value which has to be calibrated to be in keeping with the values in an approved laboratory, which will be one of an international network of such laboratories at the center of which is the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in France (BIPM). Dosimeters work by producing a quantitatively proportional change in status to the intensity of the radiation being measure. Amongst the techniques in use are thermoluminescent devices, radiographic film, radiochromic film, semiconductors, ionization chambers, silicon diodes and gel dosimeters. The Gamma Knife radiation has been difficult to measure directly because the beams have been to fine for accurate measurement by commonly available dosimeters. For more modern dosimeters this is less of a problem. During the treatment of a patient, a variety of indices are recorded to assist in the standardization and accuracy of treatment. Having determined the dose in the beams, it is necessary to calculate how much energy is lost during the passage of radiation from the source to the target. There has been a steady evolution of these calculations to make them more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Ganz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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15
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Toumia Y, Miceli R, Domenici F, Heymans SV, Carlier B, Cociorb M, Oddo L, Rossi P, D'Angellilo RM, Sterpin E, D'Agostino E, Van Den Abeele K, D'hooge J, Paradossi G. Ultrasound-assisted investigation of photon triggered vaporization of poly(vinylalcohol) phase-change nanodroplets: A preliminary concept study with dosimetry perspective. Phys Med 2021; 89:232-242. [PMID: 34425514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigate the vaporization of phase-change ultrasound contrast agents using photon radiation for dosimetry perspectives in radiotherapy. METHODS We studied superheated perfluorobutane nanodroplets with a crosslinked poly(vinylalcohol) shell. The nanodroplets' physico-chemical properties, and their acoustic transition have been assessed firstly. Then, poly(vinylalcohol)-perfluorobutane nanodroplets were dispersed in poly(acrylamide) hydrogel phantoms and exposed to a photon beam. We addressed the effect of several parameters influencing the nanodroplets radiation sensitivity (energy/delivered dose/dose rate/temperature). The nanodroplets-vaporization post-photon exposure was evaluated using ultrasound imaging at a low mechanical index. RESULTS Poly(vinylalcohol)-perfluorobutane nanodroplets show a good colloidal stability over four weeks and remain highly stable at temperatures up to 78 °C. Nanodroplets acoustically-triggered phase transition leads to microbubbles with diameters <10 μm and an activation threshold of mechanical index = 0.4, at 7.5 MHz. A small number of vaporization events occur post-photon exposure (6MV/15MV), at doses between 2 and 10 Gy, leading to ultrasound contrast increase up to 60% at RT. The nanodroplets become efficiently sensitive to photons when heated to a temperature of 65 °C (while remaining below the superheat limit temperature) during irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Nanodroplets' core is linked to the degree of superheat in the metastable state and plays a critical role in determining nanodroplet' stability and sensitivity to ionizing radiation, requiring higher or lower linear energy transfer vaporization thresholds. While poly(vinylalcohol)-perfluorobutane nanodroplets could be slightly activated by photons at ambient conditions, a good balance between the degree of superheat and stability will aim at optimizing the design of nanodroplets to reach high sensitivity to photons at physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Toumia
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; INFN sez.Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
| | - Roberto Miceli
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Tor Vergata (PTV), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; INFN sez.Roma Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Sophie V Heymans
- Department of Physics, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Carlier
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madalina Cociorb
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; DoseVue, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Letizia Oddo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, PTV, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Rolando Maria D'Angellilo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Tor Vergata (PTV), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jan D'hooge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; INFN sez.Roma Tor Vergata, Italy
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16
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Mcnairn C, Mansour I, Muir B, Thomson RM, Murugkar S. High spatial resolution dosimetry with uncertainty analysis using Raman micro-spectroscopy readout of radiochromic films. Med Phys 2021; 48:4610-4620. [PMID: 34042192 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to develop a new approach for high spatial resolution dosimetry based on Raman micro-spectroscopy scanning of radiochromic film (RCF). The goal is to generate dose calibration curves over an extended dose range from 0 to 50 Gy and with improved sensitivity to low (<2 Gy) doses, in addition to evaluating the uncertainties in dose estimation associated with the calibration curves. METHODS Samples of RCF (EBT3) were irradiated at a broad dose range of 0.03-50 Gy using an Elekta Synergy clinical linear accelerator. Raman spectra were acquired with a custom-built Raman micro-spectroscopy setup involving a 500 mW, multimode 785 nm laser focused to a lateral spot diameter of 30 µm on the RCF. The depth of focus of 34 µm enabled the concurrent collection of Raman spectra from the RCF active layer and the polyester laminate. The preprocessed Raman spectra were normalized to the intensity of the 1614 cm-1 Raman peak from the polyester laminate that was unaltered by radiation. The mean intensities and the corresponding standard deviation of the active layer Raman peaks at 696, 1445, and 2060 cm-1 were determined for the 150 × 100 µm2 scan area per dose value. This was used to generate three calibration curves that enabled the conversion of the measured Raman intensity to dose values. The experimental, fitting, and total dose uncertainty was determined across the entire dose range for the dosimetry system of Raman micro-spectroscopy and RCF. RESULTS In contrast to previous work that investigated the Raman response of RCFs using different methods, high resolution in the dose response of the RCF, even down to 0.03 Gy, was obtained in this study. The dynamic range of the calibration curves based on all three Raman peaks in the RCF extended up to 50 Gy with no saturation. At a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 µm2 , the total uncertainty in estimating dose in the 0.5-50 Gy dose range was [6-9]% for all three Raman calibration curves. This consisted of the experimental uncertainty of [5-8]%, and the fitting uncertainty of [2.5-4.5]%. The main contribution to the experimental uncertainty was determined to be from the scan area inhomogeneity which can be readily reduced in future experiments. The fitting uncertainty could be reduced by performing Raman measurements on RCF samples at further intermediate dose values in the high and low dose range. CONCLUSIONS The high spatial resolution experimental dosimetry technique based on Raman micro-spectroscopy and RCF presented here, could become potentially useful for applications in microdosimetry to produce meaningful dose estimates in cellular targets, as well as for applications based on small field dosimetry that involve high dose gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Mcnairn
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Iymad Mansour
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Bryan Muir
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Rowan M Thomson
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Murugkar
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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17
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Guardiola C, Márquez A, Jiménez-Ramos MC, López JG, Baratto-Roldán A, Muñoz-Berbel X. Dosimetry with gafchromic films based on a new micro-opto-electro-mechanical system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10414. [PMID: 34001941 PMCID: PMC8129144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first tests performed with radiochromic films and a new Micro‒Opto‒Electro-Mechanical system (MOEMS) for in situ dosimetry evaluation in radiotherapy in real time. We present a new device and methodology that overcomes the traditional limitation of time-delay in radiochromic film analysis by turning a passive detector into an active sensor. The proposed system consists mainly of an optical sensor based on light emitting diodes and photodetectors controlled by both customized electronic circuit and graphical user interface, which enables optical measurements directly. We show the first trials performed in a low‒energy proton cyclotron with this MOEMS by using gafchromic EBT3 films. Results show the feasibility of using this system for in situ dose evaluations. Further adaptation is ongoing to develop a full real‒time active detector by integrating MOEM multi‒arrays and films in flexible printed circuits. Hence, we point to improve the clinical application of radiochromic films with the aim to optimize radiotherapy treatment verifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guardiola
- Université Paris‒Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - A Márquez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - J García López
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Baratto-Roldán
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - X Muñoz-Berbel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, (IMB-CNM, CSIC), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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18
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Prikhodko VV, Alexeyev AS, Guskov PA, Novikov SG, Somov AI, Svetukhin VV. Technical Note: ID-card-size dosimeter based on radiochromic films for continuous personnel monitoring. Med Phys 2021; 48:3216-3222. [PMID: 33893658 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper is aimed at investigating the feasibility of developing a personal dosimeter of cumulative radiation dose which would incorporate the following features: 1) a small size compared to that of a proximity ID card; 2) instant dose readout; 3) no power source; 4) moderate cost. The dosimeter is proposed as a potential replacement for TLD and OSL dosimeters used by nuclear industry workers and some medical staff groups. METHODS An original detector design is developed containing a two-color LED, two photodetectors located in one plane covered with a mirror coating. The power necessary for the operation comes from an RFID reader. A small (5x5 mm) piece of Gafchromic EBT3 photochromic film sensitive to both X-ray and gamma radiation is used as a sensor. Irradiation of samples under X-ray and gamma radiation is carried out in the dose range of 0.1 cGy-1 Gy. The transmittance spectra are measured in the 300 nm-1100 nm spectral range. RESULTS Several prototypes of the dosimeter are presented, the distinctive features of which are the absence of the power source, easy transmitting of the dosimetric data via a RF channel, and a slim form factor. Several sources of dose uncertainties are analyzed and ways to eliminate them are outlined. The average dose confidence interval (α = 0.05) calculated from the response curve is shown to equal 0.02 cGy. This makes it possible to reliably measure doses as low as 0.1 cGy, which corresponds to the minimum value claimed for Gafchromic EBT3. CONCLUSIONS The proposed idea of an ID-card-size dosimeter is feasible and has a number of advantages over TLD and OSL dosimeters, in particular, instant reading of the dose data using RFID/NFC readers, and a possibility of integrating into ERP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Prikhodko
- S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology of Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - Alexander S Alexeyev
- S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology of Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - Pavel A Guskov
- S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology of Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - Sergey G Novikov
- S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology of Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
| | - Andrey I Somov
- S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology of Ulyanovsk State University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
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19
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Hall AV, Musa OM, Hood DK, Apperley DC, Yufit DS, Steed JW. Alkali Metal Salts of 10,12-Pentacosadiynoic Acid and Their Dosimetry Applications. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021. [PMID: 34054354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wide-dose-range 2D radiochromic films for radiotherapy, such as GAFchromic EBT, are based on the lithium salt of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (Li-PCDA) as the photosensitive component. We show that there are two solid forms of Li-PCDA-a monohydrated form A and an anhydrous form B. The form used in commercial GAFchromic films is form A due to its short needle-shaped crystals, which provide favorable coating properties. Form B provides an enhanced photoresponse compared to that of form A, but adopts a long needle crystal morphology, which is difficult to process. The two forms were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CP-MAS 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In sum, these data suggest a chelating bridging bidentate coordination mode for the lithium ions. The sodium salt of PCDA (Na-PCDA) is also reported, which is an ionic cocrystal with a formula of Na+PCDA-·3PCDA. The PCDA and PCDA- ligands display monodentate and bridging bidentate coordination to the sodium ion in contrast to the coordination sphere of the Li-PCDA forms. In contrast to its lithium analogues, Na-PCDA is photostable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Osama M Musa
- Ashland LLC, 1005 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - David K Hood
- Ashland LLC, 1005 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - David C Apperley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Dmitry S Yufit
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Jonathan W Steed
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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20
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Hall AV, Musa OM, Hood DK, Apperley DC, Yufit DS, Steed JW. Alkali Metal Salts of 10,12-Pentacosadiynoic Acid and Their Dosimetry Applications. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:2416-2422. [PMID: 34054354 PMCID: PMC8154271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wide-dose-range 2D radiochromic films for radiotherapy, such as GAFchromic EBT, are based on the lithium salt of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (Li-PCDA) as the photosensitive component. We show that there are two solid forms of Li-PCDA-a monohydrated form A and an anhydrous form B. The form used in commercial GAFchromic films is form A due to its short needle-shaped crystals, which provide favorable coating properties. Form B provides an enhanced photoresponse compared to that of form A, but adopts a long needle crystal morphology, which is difficult to process. The two forms were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CP-MAS 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In sum, these data suggest a chelating bridging bidentate coordination mode for the lithium ions. The sodium salt of PCDA (Na-PCDA) is also reported, which is an ionic cocrystal with a formula of Na+PCDA-·3PCDA. The PCDA and PCDA- ligands display monodentate and bridging bidentate coordination to the sodium ion in contrast to the coordination sphere of the Li-PCDA forms. In contrast to its lithium analogues, Na-PCDA is photostable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V. Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland
LLC, 1005 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - David K. Hood
- Ashland
LLC, 1005 Route 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - David C. Apperley
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Dmitry S. Yufit
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Jonathan W. Steed
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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21
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Radiochromic Films for the Two-Dimensional Dose Distribution Assessment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiochromic films are mainly used for two-dimensional dose verification in photon, electron, and proton therapy treatments. Moreover, the radiochromic film types available today allow their use in a wide dose range, corresponding to applications from low-medical diagnostics to high-dose beam profile measurements in charged particle medical accelerators. An in-depth knowledge of the characteristics of radiochromic films, of their operating principles, and of the dose reading techniques is of paramount importance to exploit all the features of this interesting and versatile radiation detection system. This short review focuses on these main aspects by considering the most recent works on the subject.
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22
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Ma D, Bronk L, Kerr M, Sobieski M, Chen M, Geng C, Yiu J, Wang X, Sahoo N, Cao W, Zhang X, Stephan C, Mohan R, Grosshans DR, Guan F. Exploring the advantages of intensity-modulated proton therapy: experimental validation of biological effects using two different beam intensity-modulation patterns. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3199. [PMID: 32081928 PMCID: PMC7035246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In current treatment plans of intensity-modulated proton therapy, high-energy beams are usually assigned larger weights than low-energy beams. Using this form of beam delivery strategy cannot effectively use the biological advantages of low-energy and high-linear energy transfer (LET) protons present within the Bragg peak. However, the planning optimizer can be adjusted to alter the intensity of each beamlet, thus maintaining an identical target dose while increasing the weights of low-energy beams to elevate the LET therein. The objective of this study was to experimentally validate the enhanced biological effects using a novel beam delivery strategy with elevated LET. We used Monte Carlo and optimization algorithms to generate two different intensity-modulation patterns, namely to form a downslope and a flat dose field in the target. We spatially mapped the biological effects using high-content automated assays by employing an upgraded biophysical system with improved accuracy and precision of collected data. In vitro results in cancer cells show that using two opposed downslope fields results in a more biologically effective dose, which may have the clinical potential to increase the therapeutic index of proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Ma
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence Bronk
- Departments of Radiation and Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Kerr
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mary Sobieski
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Changran Geng
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Joycelyn Yiu
- Departments of Radiation and Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenhua Cao
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Radhe Mohan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David R Grosshans
- Departments of Radiation and Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Fada Guan
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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A novel method for EBT3 Gafchromic films read-out at high dose levels. Phys Med 2019; 61:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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