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The Role of Hsp90-R2TP in Macromolecular Complex Assembly and Stabilization. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081045. [PMID: 36008939 PMCID: PMC9406135 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone involved in many cell signaling pathways, and its interactions with specific chaperones and cochaperones determines which client proteins to fold. Hsp90 has been shown to be involved in the promotion and maintenance of proper protein complex assembly either alone or in association with other chaperones such as the R2TP chaperone complex. Hsp90-R2TP acts through several mechanisms, such as by controlling the transcription of protein complex subunits, stabilizing protein subcomplexes before their incorporation into the entire complex, and by recruiting adaptors that facilitate complex assembly. Despite its many roles in protein complex assembly, detailed mechanisms of how Hsp90-R2TP assembles protein complexes have yet to be determined, with most findings restricted to proteomic analyses and in vitro interactions. This review will discuss our current understanding of the function of Hsp90-R2TP in the assembly, stabilization, and activity of the following seven classes of protein complexes: L7Ae snoRNPs, spliceosome snRNPs, RNA polymerases, PIKKs, MRN, TSC, and axonemal dynein arms.
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Herranz-Montoya I, Park S, Djouder N. A comprehensive analysis of prefoldins and their implication in cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103273. [PMID: 34761191 PMCID: PMC8567396 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefoldins (PFDNs) are evolutionary conserved co-chaperones, initially discovered in archaea but universally present in eukaryotes. PFDNs are prevalently organized into hetero-hexameric complexes. Although they have been overlooked since their discovery and their functions remain elusive, several reports indicate they act as co-chaperones escorting misfolded or non-native proteins to group II chaperonins. Unlike the eukaryotic PFDNs which interact with cytoskeletal components, the archaeal PFDNs can bind and stabilize a wide range of substrates, possibly due to their great structural diversity. The discovery of the unconventional RPB5 interactor (URI) PFDN-like complex (UPC) suggests that PFDNs have versatile functions and are required for different cellular processes, including an important role in cancer. Here, we summarize their functions across different species. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of PFDNs genomic alterations across cancer types by using large-scale cancer genomic data indicates that PFDNs are a new class of non-mutated proteins significantly overexpressed in some cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Herranz-Montoya
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Solip Park
- Computational Cancer Genomics Group, Structural Biology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Mao CG, Jiang SS, Shen C, Long T, Jin H, Tan QY, Deng B. BCAR1 promotes proliferation and cell growth in lung adenocarcinoma via upregulation of POLR2A. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3326-3336. [PMID: 33001583 PMCID: PMC7606008 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the effects of a novel carcinogenetic molecule, p130cas (breast cancer antiestrogen resistance protein 1 or BCAR1) on proliferation and cell growth in lung adenocarcinoma. The study also aimed to identify the possible underlying signal networks of BCAR1. METHODS First, we evaluated proliferation, cell colony formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle after BCAR1 was knocked out (KO) using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in H1975 and H1299 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Subsequently, BCAR1 was upregulated in 293T cells and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) was used with bioinformatics analysis to screen for potential networks of BCAR1 interacting proteins. Ultimately, we validated the correlated expressions of BCAR1 and a selected hub gene, RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), in 54 lung adenocarcinoma tissues, as well as in H1975 and H1299 cells. RESULTS Cell proliferation of H1975 and H1299 was significantly inhibited following BCAR1-KO. Colony formation of H1975 cells was also significantly decreased following BCAR1-KO. IP-MS demonstrated 419 potential proteins that may interact with BCAR1. Among them, 68 genes were significantly positively correlated to BCAR1 expression, as verified by TCGA. Six hub genes were revealed by PPI String. High expression of POLR2A, MAPK3, MOV10, and XAB2 predicted poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, as verified by the K-M plotter database. POLR2A and MAPK3 are involved in both catalytic activity and transferase activity. POLR2A and BCAR1 were significantly increased in lung cancer tissues as compared with matched normal tissues. High expression of POLR2A was significantly positively correlated to BCAR1 overexpression and predicted poor prognosis in 54 lung cancer cases. POLR2A expression was significantly decreased following BCAR1-KO in H1975 and H1299 cells. CONCLUSIONS BCAR1 promotes proliferation and cell growth, probably via upregulation of POLR2A and subsequent enhancement of catalytic and transferase activities. However, additional robust studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guo Mao
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Jiang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tan Long
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qun-You Tan
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu X, Xie D, Hua Y, Zeng P, Ma L, Zeng F. Npa3 interacts with Gpn3 and assembly factor Rba50 for RNA polymerase II biogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:15547-15558. [PMID: 32985767 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001523r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II is one of the most vital macromolecular complexes in eukaryotes and the assembly of such complete enzyme requires many factors. Three members of GPN-loop GTPase family Npa3/Gpn1, Gpn2, and Gpn3 participate in the biogenesis of RNA polymerase II with nonredundant roles. We show here that rapid degradation of each GPN protein in yeast leads to cytoplasmic accumulation of Rpb1 and defects in the assembly of RNA polymerase II, suggesting conserved functions of GPN paralogs for RNA polymerase II biogenesis as in humans. Taking advantage of a multicopy genetic screening, we identified GPN3 and assembly factor RBA50 among others as strong suppressors of npa3ts mutants. We further demonstrated that Npa3 interacts with Gpn3 and Rba50, similarly human Gpn1 physically interacts with Gpn3 and RPAP1 (human analog of Rba50). Moreover, a mutual dependency of protein levels of Npa3 and Gpn3 was also clearly presented in yeast using an auxin-inducible degron (AID) system. Interestingly, Rpb2, the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II was determined to be the subunit that interacts with both Gpn1 and Rba50, indicating a close association of Npa3 and Rba50 in Rpb2 subcomplex assembly. Based on these results, we conclude that Npa3 interacts with Gpn3 and Rba50, for RNA polymerase II biogenesis. We therefore propose that multiple factors may coordinate through conserved regulatory mechanisms in the assembly of RNA polymerase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Debao Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The National Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, The College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Lujie Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Baoding, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The National Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, The College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wu Q, Dai T, Song J, Liu X, Song S, Li L, Liu J, Pugazhendhi A, Jacob JA. Effects of herbal and mushroom formulations used in Traditional Chinese Medicine on in vitro human cancer cell lines at the preclinical level: An empirical review of the cell killing mechanisms. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Xiong J, Xue Y, Xia Y, Zhao J, Wang Y. Identification of key microRNAs of plasma extracellular vesicles and their diagnostic and prognostic significance in melanoma. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:464-482. [PMID: 33313406 PMCID: PMC7706137 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most highly metastatic, aggressive and fatal malignant tumors in skin cancer. This study employs bioinformatics to identify key microRNAs and target genes (TGs) of plasma extracellular vesicles (pEVs) and their diagnostic and prognostic significance in melanoma. The gene expression microarray dataset (GSE100508) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential analysis of miRNAs in pEVs was performed to compare melanoma samples and healthy samples. Then, TGs of the differential miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in melanoma were selected, and differential genes were analyzed by bioinformatics (including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment, protein–protein interaction network and prognostic analysis). A total of 55 DE-miRNAs were found, and 3,083 and 1,351 candidate TGs were diagnostically correlated with the top ten upregulated DE-miRNAs and all downregulated DE-miRNAs, respectively. Prognostic analysis results showed that high expression levels of hsa-miR-550a-3p, CDK2 and POLR2A and low expression levels of hsa-miR-150-5p in melanoma patients were associated with significantly reduced overall survival. In conclusion, bioinformatics analysis identified key miRNAs and TGs in pEVs of melanoma, which may represent potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of General Practice, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuchong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Lochhead PA, Tucker JA, Tatum NJ, Wang J, Oxley D, Kidger AM, Johnson VP, Cassidy MA, Gray NS, Noble MEM, Cook SJ. Paradoxical activation of the protein kinase-transcription factor ERK5 by ERK5 kinase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1383. [PMID: 32170057 PMCID: PMC7069993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual protein kinase-transcription factor, ERK5, is an emerging drug target in cancer and inflammation, and small-molecule ERK5 kinase inhibitors have been developed. However, selective ERK5 kinase inhibitors fail to recapitulate ERK5 genetic ablation phenotypes, suggesting kinase-independent functions for ERK5. Here we show that ERK5 kinase inhibitors cause paradoxical activation of ERK5 transcriptional activity mediated through its unique C-terminal transcriptional activation domain (TAD). Using the ERK5 kinase inhibitor, Compound 26 (ERK5-IN-1), as a paradigm, we have developed kinase-active, drug-resistant mutants of ERK5. With these mutants, we show that induction of ERK5 transcriptional activity requires direct binding of the inhibitor to the kinase domain. This in turn promotes conformational changes in the kinase domain that result in nuclear translocation of ERK5 and stimulation of gene transcription. This shows that both the ERK5 kinase and TAD must be considered when assessing the role of ERK5 and the effectiveness of anti-ERK5 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Lochhead
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Julie A Tucker
- York Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Natalie J Tatum
- CRUK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Oxley
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Andrew M Kidger
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Victoria P Johnson
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Megan A Cassidy
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Martin E M Noble
- CRUK Newcastle Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
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