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Zhao Y, Gu Y, Zhang Q, Liu H, Liu Y. The Potential Roles of Exosomes Carrying APP and Tau Cleavage Products in Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051883. [PMID: 36902671 PMCID: PMC10003549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia throughout the world. It is characterized by major amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), respectively. Exosomes, which are secreted by cells, are single-membrane lipid bilayer vesicles found in bodily fluids and they have a diameter of 30-150 nm. Recently, they have been considered as critical carriers and biomarkers in AD, as they facilitate communication between cells and tissues by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review demonstrates that exosomes are natural nanocontainers that carry APP as well as Tau cleavage products secreted by neuronal cells and that their formation is associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Moreover, these exosomes can transfer AD pathological molecules and participate in the pathophysiological process of AD; therefore, they have potential diagnostic and therapeutic value for AD and might also provide novel insights for screening and prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yujin Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Qili Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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Mouillet-Richard S, Martin-Lannerée S, Le Corre D, Hirsch TZ, Ghazi A, Sroussi M, Pilati C, de Reyniès A, Djouadi F, Vodovar N, Launay JM, Laurent-Puig P. A proof of concept for targeting the PrP C - Amyloid β peptide interaction in basal prostate cancer and mesenchymal colon cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4397-4404. [PMID: 35962130 PMCID: PMC9481457 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein PrPC partners with caveolin-1 (CAV1) in neurodegenerative diseases but whether this interplay occurs in cancer has never been investigated. By leveraging patient and cell line datasets, we uncover a molecular link between PrPC and CAV1 across cancer. Using cell-based assays, we show that PrPC regulates the expression of and interacts with CAV1. PrPC additionally controls the expression of the amyloid precursor protein APP and of the Aβ generating enzyme BACE1, and regulates the levels of Aβ, whose accumulation is a central event in Alzheimer's disease. We further identify DKK1 and DKK3, involved in both Alzheimer's disease and cancer progression, as targets of the PrPC-dependent axis. Finally, we establish that antibody-mediated blocking of the Aβ-PrPC interaction delays the growth of prostate cancer cell line-derived xenografts and prevents the development of metastases. Our data additionally support an enrichment of the Aβ-PrPC-dependent pathway in the basal subtype of prostate cancer, associated with anti-hormonal therapy resistance, and in mesenchymal colon cancer, associated with poor prognosis. Thus, based on a parallel with neurodegenerative diseases, our results bring to light an Aβ-PrPC axis and support the potential of targeting this pathway in patients with selected subtypes of prostate and colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Mouillet-Richard
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Séverine Martin-Lannerée
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.425132.3Present Address: IntegraGen SA Génopole Campus 1, Rue de Henri Desbruères, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Delphine Le Corre
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Théo Z. Hirsch
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Ghazi
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marine Sroussi
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Laboratoire de Biochimie, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de la ville de Paris, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Camilla Pilati
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vodovar
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité and Inserm UMR-S942 MASCOT, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité and Inserm UMR-S942 MASCOT, Paris, France ,grid.417570.00000 0004 0374 1269Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- grid.417925.cCentre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France ,grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, AP-HP, Department of Biology Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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Chaudhary S, Ashok A, Wise AS, Rana NA, Kritikos AE, Lindner E, Singh N. β-Cleavage of the prion protein in the human eye: Implications for the spread of infectious prions and human ocular disorders. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108787. [PMID: 34624335 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported β-cleavage of the prion protein (PrPC) in human ocular tissues. Here, we explored whether this is unique to the human eye, and its functional implications. A comparison of the cleavage pattern of PrPC in human ocular tissues with common nocturnal and diurnal animals revealed mainly β-cleavage in humans, and mostly full-length PrPC in animal retinas. Soluble FL PrPC and N-terminal fragment (N2) released from β-cleavage was observed in the aqueous and vitreous humor (AH & VH). Expression of human PrPC in ARPE-19 cells, a human retinal pigmented epithelial cell line, also showed β-cleaved PrPC. Surprisingly, β-cleavage was not altered by a variety of insults, including oxidative stress, suggesting a unique role of this cleavage in the human eye. It is likely that β-cleaved C- or N-terminal fragments of PrPC protect from various insults unique to the human eye. On the contrary, β-cleaved C-terminus of PrPC is susceptible to conversion to the pathological PrP-scrapie form, and includes the binding sites for β1-integrin and amyloid-β, molecules implicated in several ocular disorders. Considering the species and tissue-specific cleavage of PrPC, our data suggest re-evaluation of prion infectivity and other ocular disorders of the human eye conducted in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Chaudhary
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ajay Ashok
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Aaron S Wise
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Neil A Rana
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alexander E Kritikos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ewald Lindner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 4, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Neena Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Vassileff N, Cheng L, Hill AF. Extracellular vesicles - propagators of neuropathology and sources of potential biomarkers and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/23/jcs243139. [PMID: 33310868 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by the irreversible degeneration of neurons in the central or peripheral nervous systems. These include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and prion diseases. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a type of EV involved in cellular communication, have been well documented as propagating neurodegenerative diseases. These sEVs carry cargo, such as proteins and RNA, to recipient cells but are also capable of promoting protein misfolding, thus actively contributing to the progression of these diseases. sEV secretion is also a compensatory process for lysosomal dysfunction in the affected cells, despite inadvertently propagating disease to recipient cells. Despite this, sEV miRNAs have biomarker potential for the early diagnosis of these diseases, while stem cell-derived sEVs and those generated through exogenous assistance demonstrate the greatest therapeutic potential. This Review will highlight novel advancements in the involvement of sEVs as propagators of neuropathology, biomarkers and potential therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Vassileff
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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