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Ding K, Rakhshan M, Paredes-Acuña N, Cheng G, Thakor NV. Sensory integration for neuroprostheses: from functional benefits to neural correlates. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024:10.1007/s11517-024-03118-8. [PMID: 38760597 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
In the field of sensory neuroprostheses, one ultimate goal is for individuals to perceive artificial somatosensory information and use the prosthesis with high complexity that resembles an intact system. To this end, research has shown that stimulation-elicited somatosensory information improves prosthesis perception and task performance. While studies strive to achieve sensory integration, a crucial phenomenon that entails naturalistic interaction with the environment, this topic has not been commensurately reviewed. Therefore, here we present a perspective for understanding sensory integration in neuroprostheses. First, we review the engineering aspects and functional outcomes in sensory neuroprosthesis studies. In this context, we summarize studies that have suggested sensory integration. We focus on how they have used stimulation-elicited percepts to maximize and improve the reliability of somatosensory information. Next, we review studies that have suggested multisensory integration. These works have demonstrated that congruent and simultaneous multisensory inputs provided cognitive benefits such that an individual experiences a greater sense of authority over prosthesis movements (i.e., agency) and perceives the prosthesis as part of their own (i.e., ownership). Thereafter, we present the theoretical and neuroscience framework of sensory integration. We investigate how behavioral models and neural recordings have been applied in the context of sensory integration. Sensory integration models developed from intact-limb individuals have led the way to sensory neuroprosthesis studies to demonstrate multisensory integration. Neural recordings have been used to show how multisensory inputs are processed across cortical areas. Lastly, we discuss some ongoing research and challenges in achieving and understanding sensory integration in sensory neuroprostheses. Resolving these challenges would help to develop future strategies to improve the sensory feedback of a neuroprosthetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Mohsen Rakhshan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Natalia Paredes-Acuña
- Institute for Cognitive Systems, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Gordon Cheng
- Institute for Cognitive Systems, School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Nitish V Thakor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Rosenthal IA, Bashford L, Bjånes D, Pejsa K, Lee B, Liu C, Andersen RA. Visual context affects the perceived timing of tactile sensations elicited through intra-cortical microstimulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593529. [PMID: 38798438 PMCID: PMC11118490 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Intra-cortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a technique to provide tactile sensations for a somatosensory brain-machine interface (BMI). A viable BMI must function within the rich, multisensory environment of the real world, but how ICMS is integrated with other sensory modalities is poorly understood. To investigate how ICMS percepts are integrated with visual information, ICMS and visual stimuli were delivered at varying times relative to one another. Both visual context and ICMS current amplitude were found to bias the qualitative experience of ICMS. In two tetraplegic participants, ICMS and visual stimuli were more likely to be experienced as occurring simultaneously when visual stimuli were more realistic, demonstrating an effect of visual context on the temporal binding window. The peak of the temporal binding window varied but was consistently offset from zero, suggesting that multisensory integration with ICMS can suffer from temporal misalignment. Recordings from primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during catch trials where visual stimuli were delivered without ICMS demonstrated that S1 represents visual information related to ICMS across visual contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A Rosenthal
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Lead Contact
| | - Luke Bashford
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - David Bjånes
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kelsie Pejsa
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Charles Liu
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, USA
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Kim D, Triolo R, Charkhkar H. Plantar somatosensory restoration enhances gait, speed perception, and motor adaptation. Sci Robot 2023; 8:eadf8997. [PMID: 37820003 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adf8997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Lower limb loss is a major insult to the body's nervous and musculoskeletal systems. Despite technological advances in prosthesis design, artificial limbs are not yet integrated into the body's physiological systems. Therefore, lower limb amputees (LLAs) experience lower balance confidence, higher fear of falls, and impaired gait compared with their able-bodied peers (ABs). Previous studies have demonstrated that restored sensations perceived as originating directly from the missing limb via neural interfaces improve balance and performance in certain ambulatory tasks; however, the effects of such evoked sensations on neural circuitries involved in the locomotor activity are not well understood. In this work, we investigated the effects of plantar sensation elicited by peripheral nerve stimulation delivered by multicontact nerve cuff electrodes on gait symmetry and stability, speed perception, and motor adaptation. We found that restored plantar sensation increased stance time and propulsive force on the prosthetic side, improved gait symmetry, and yielded an enhanced perception of prosthetic limb movement. Our results show that the locomotor adaptation among LLAs with plantar sensation became similar to that of ABs. These findings suggest that our peripheral nerve-based approach to elicit plantar sensation directly affects central nervous pathways involved in locomotion and motor adaptation during walking. Our neuroprosthesis provided a unique model to investigate the role of somatosensation in the lower limb during walking and its effects on perceptual recalibration after a locomotor adaptation task. Furthermore, we demonstrated how plantar sensation in LLAs could effectively increase mobility, improve walking dynamics, and possibly reduce fall risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekyoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ronald Triolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hamid Charkhkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Li S, Triolo RJ, Charkhkar H. Neural sensory stimulation does not interfere with the H-reflex in individuals with lower limb amputation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1276308. [PMID: 37817801 PMCID: PMC10560717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1276308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Individuals with lower limb loss experience an increased risk of falls partly due to the lack of sensory feedback from their missing foot. It is possible to restore plantar sensation perceived as originating from the missing foot by directly interfacing with the peripheral nerves remaining in the residual limb, which in turn has shown promise in improving gait and balance. However, it is yet unclear how these electrically elicited plantar sensation are integrated into the body's natural sensorimotor control reflexes. Historically, the H-reflex has been used as a model for investigating sensorimotor control. Within the spinal cord, an array of inputs, including plantar cutaneous sensation, are integrated to produce inhibitory and excitatory effects on the H-reflex. Methods In this study, we characterized the interplay between electrically elicited plantar sensations and this intrinsic reflex mechanism. Participants adopted postures mimicking specific phases of the gait cycle. During each posture, we electrically elicited plantar sensation, and subsequently the H-reflex was evoked both in the presence and absence of these sensations. Results Our findings indicated that electrically elicited plantar sensations did not significantly alter the H-reflex excitability across any of the adopted postures. Conclusion This suggests that individuals with lower limb loss can directly benefit from electrically elicited plantar sensation during walking without disrupting the existing sensory signaling pathways that modulate reflex responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhou Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ronald J. Triolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Hamid Charkhkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Rosenthal IA, Bashford L, Kellis S, Pejsa K, Lee B, Liu C, Andersen RA. S1 represents multisensory contexts and somatotopic locations within and outside the bounds of the cortical homunculus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112312. [PMID: 37002922 PMCID: PMC10544688 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that tactile events are represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) beyond its long-established topography; in addition, the extent to which S1 is modulated by vision remains unclear. To better characterize S1, human electrophysiological data were recorded during touches to the forearm or finger. Conditions included visually observed physical touches, physical touches without vision, and visual touches without physical contact. Two major findings emerge from this dataset. First, vision strongly modulates S1 area 1, but only if there is a physical element to the touch, suggesting that passive touch observation is insufficient to elicit neural responses. Second, despite recording in a putative arm area of S1, neural activity represents both arm and finger stimuli during physical touches. Arm touches are encoded more strongly and specifically, supporting the idea that S1 encodes tactile events primarily through its topographic organization but also more generally, encompassing other areas of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A Rosenthal
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Luke Bashford
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Spencer Kellis
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kelsie Pejsa
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian Lee
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Charles Liu
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, USA
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; T&C Chen Brain-machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Earley EJ, Johnson RE, Sensinger JW, Hargrove LJ. Wrist speed feedback improves elbow compensation and reaching accuracy for myoelectric transradial prosthesis users in hybrid virtual reaching task. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:9. [PMID: 36658605 PMCID: PMC9850536 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoelectric prostheses are a popular choice for restoring motor capability following the loss of a limb, but they do not provide direct feedback to the user about the movements of the device-in other words, kinesthesia. The outcomes of studies providing artificial sensory feedback are often influenced by the availability of incidental feedback. When subjects are blindfolded and disconnected from the prosthesis, artificial sensory feedback consistently improves control; however, when subjects wear a prosthesis and can see the task, benefits often deteriorate or become inconsistent. We theorize that providing artificial sensory feedback about prosthesis speed, which cannot be precisely estimated via vision, will improve the learning and control of a myoelectric prosthesis. METHODS In this study, we test a joint-speed feedback system with six transradial amputee subjects to evaluate how it affects myoelectric control and adaptation behavior during a virtual reaching task. RESULTS Our results showed that joint-speed feedback lowered reaching errors and compensatory movements during steady-state reaches. However, the same feedback provided no improvement when control was perturbed. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes suggest that the benefit of joint speed feedback may be dependent on the complexity of the myoelectric control and the context of the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Earley
- Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Bionics and Pain Research, Mölndal, Sweden.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Reva E Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Jonathon W Sensinger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Levi J Hargrove
- Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gonzalez M, Bismuth A, Lee C, Chestek CA, Gates DH. Artificial referred sensation in upper and lower limb prosthesis users: a systematic review. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:10.1088/1741-2552/ac8c38. [PMID: 36001115 PMCID: PMC9514130 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac8c38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Electrical stimulation can induce sensation in the phantom limb of individuals with amputation. It is difficult to generalize existing findings as there are many approaches to delivering stimulation and to assessing the characteristics and benefits of sensation. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review was to explore the stimulation parameters that effectively elicited referred sensation, the qualities of elicited sensation, and how the utility of referred sensation was assessed.Approach.We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Engineering Village through January of 2022 to identify relevant papers. We included papers which electrically induced referred sensation in individuals with limb loss and excluded papers that did not contain stimulation parameters or outcome measures pertaining to stimulation. We extracted information on participant demographics, stimulation approaches, and participant outcomes.Main results.After applying exclusion criteria, 49 papers were included covering nine stimulation methods. Amplitude was the most commonly adjusted parameter (n= 25), followed by frequency (n= 22), and pulse width (n= 15). Of the 63 reports of sensation quality, most reported feelings of pressure (n= 52), paresthesia (n= 48), or vibration (n= 40) while less than half (n= 29) reported a sense of position or movement. Most papers evaluated the functional benefits of sensation (n= 33) using force matching or object identification tasks, while fewer papers quantified subjective measures (n= 16) such as pain or embodiment. Only 15 studies (36%) observed percept intensity, quality, or location over multiple sessions.Significance.Most studies that measured functional performance demonstrated some benefit to providing participants with sensory feedback. However, few studies could experimentally manipulate sensation location or quality. Direct comparisons between studies were limited by variability in methodologies and outcome measures. As such, we offer recommendations to aid in more standardized reporting for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gonzalez
- Department of Robotics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Alex Bismuth
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christina Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Deanna H Gates
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Current Stimulation of the Midbrain Nucleus in Pigeons for Avian Flight Control. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070788. [PMID: 34209448 PMCID: PMC8305299 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of research attempts to understand and modulate sensory and motor skills that are beyond the capability of humans have been underway. They have mainly been expounded in rodent models, where numerous reports of controlling movement to reach target locations by brain stimulation have been achieved. However, in the case of birds, although basic research on movement control has been conducted, the brain nuclei that are triggering these movements have yet to be established. In order to fully control flight navigation in birds, the basic central nervous system involved in flight behavior should be understood comprehensively, and functional maps of the birds’ brains to study the possibility of flight control need to be clarified. Here, we established a stable stereotactic surgery to implant multi-wire electrode arrays and electrically stimulated several nuclei of the pigeon’s brain. A multi-channel electrode array and a wireless stimulation system were implanted in thirteen pigeons. The pigeons’ flight trajectories on electrical stimulation of the cerebral nuclei were monitored and analyzed by a 3D motion tracking program to evaluate the behavioral change, and the exact stimulation site in the brain was confirmed by the postmortem histological examination. Among them, five pigeons were able to induce right and left body turns by stimulating the nuclei of the tractus occipito-mesencephalicus (OM), nucleus taeniae (TN), or nucleus rotundus (RT); the nuclei of tractus septo-mesencephalicus (TSM) or archistriatum ventrale (AV) were stimulated to induce flight aviation for flapping and take-off with five pigeons.
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Valle G, Saliji A, Fogle E, Cimolato A, Petrini FM, Raspopovic S. Mechanisms of neuro-robotic prosthesis operation in leg amputees. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/17/eabd8354. [PMID: 33883127 PMCID: PMC8059925 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Above-knee amputees suffer the lack of sensory information, even while using most advanced prostheses. Restoring intraneural sensory feedback results in functional and cognitive benefits. It is unknown how this artificial feedback, restored through a neuro-robotic leg, influences users' sensorimotor strategies and its implications for future wearable robotics. To unveil these mechanisms, we measured gait markers of a sensorized neuroprosthesis in two leg amputees during motor tasks of different difficulty. Novel sensorimotor strategies were intuitively promoted, allowing for a higher walking speed in both tasks. We objectively quantified the augmented prosthesis' confidence and observed the reshaping of the legs' kinematics toward a more physiological gait. In a possible scenario of a leg amputee driving a conventional car, we showed a finer pressure estimation from the prosthesis. Users exploited different features of the neural stimulation during tasks, suggesting that a simple prosthesis sensorization could be effective for future neuro-robotic prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Valle
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Albulena Saliji
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ezra Fogle
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cimolato
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco M Petrini
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- SensArs Neuroprosthetics, Saint-Sulpice CH-1025, Switzerland
| | - Stanisa Raspopovic
- Laboratory for Neuroengineering, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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10
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Earley EJ, Johnson RE, Sensinger JW, Hargrove LJ. Joint speed feedback improves myoelectric prosthesis adaptation after perturbed reaches in non amputees. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5158. [PMID: 33664421 PMCID: PMC7970849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84795-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate control of human limbs involves both feedforward and feedback signals. For prosthetic arms, feedforward control is commonly accomplished by recording myoelectric signals from the residual limb to predict the user's intent, but augmented feedback signals are not explicitly provided in commercial devices. Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent results when artificial feedback was provided in the presence of vision; some studies showed benefits, while others did not. We hypothesized that negligible benefits in past studies may have been due to artificial feedback with low precision compared to vision, which results in heavy reliance on vision during reaching tasks. Furthermore, we anticipated more reliable benefits from artificial feedback when providing information that vision estimates with high uncertainty (e.g. joint speed). In this study, we test an artificial sensory feedback system providing joint speed information and how it impacts performance and adaptation during a hybrid positional-and-myoelectric ballistic reaching task. We found that overall reaching errors were reduced after perturbed control, but did not significantly improve steady-state reaches. Furthermore, we found that feedback about the joint speed of the myoelectric prosthesis control improved the adaptation rate of biological limb movements, which may have resulted from high prosthesis control noise and strategic overreaching with the positional control and underreaching with the myoelectric control. These results provide insights into the relevant factors influencing the improvements conferred by artificial sensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Earley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Reva E Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN, USA
| | - Jonathon W Sensinger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Levi J Hargrove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Bionic Medicine, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Experiment Study for Wrist-Wearable Electro-Tactile Display. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041332. [PMID: 33668561 PMCID: PMC7918826 DOI: 10.3390/s21041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tactile sensation is a promising information display channel for human beings that involves supplementing or replacing degraded visual or auditory channels. In this paper, a wrist-wearable tactile rendering system based on electro-tactile stimulation is designed for information expression, where a square array with 8 × 8 spherical electrodes is used as the touch panel. To verify and improve this touch-based information display method, the optimal mode for stimulus signals was firstly investigated through comparison experiments, which show that sequential stimuli with consecutive-electrode-in-active mode have a better performance than those with single-electrode-in-active mode. Then, simple Chinese and English characters and 26 English characters’ recognition experiments were carried out and the proposed method was verified with an average recognition rate of 95% and 82%, respectively. This wrist-wearable tactile display system would be a new and promising medium for communication and could be of great value for visually impaired people.
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12
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Christie BP, Charkhkar H, Shell CE, Burant CJ, Tyler DJ, Triolo RJ. Ambulatory searching task reveals importance of somatosensation for lower-limb amputees. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10216. [PMID: 32576891 PMCID: PMC7311393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of somatosensation to locomotor deficits in below-knee amputees (BKAs) has not been fully explored. Unilateral disruption of plantar sensation causes able-bodied individuals to adopt locomotor characteristics that resemble those of unilateral BKAs, suggesting that restoring somatosensation may improve locomotion for amputees. In prior studies, we demonstrated that electrically stimulating the residual nerves of amputees elicited somatosensory percepts that were felt as occurring in the missing foot. Subsequently, we developed a sensory neuroprosthesis that modulated stimulation-evoked sensation in response to interactions between the prosthesis and the environment. To characterize the impact of the sensory neuroprosthesis on locomotion, we created a novel ambulatory searching task. The task involved walking on a horizontal ladder while blindfolded, which engaged plantar sensation while minimizing visual compensation. We first compared the performance of six BKAs to 14 able-bodied controls. Able-bodied individuals demonstrated higher foot placement accuracy than BKAs, indicating that the ladder test was sensitive enough to detect locomotor deficits. When three of the original six BKAs used the sensory neuroprosthesis, the tradeoff between speed and accuracy significantly improved for two of them. This study advanced our understanding of how cutaneous plantar sensation can be used to acquire action-related information during challenging locomotor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne P Christie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Louis Stokes Cleveland Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Hamid Charkhkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Courtney E Shell
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J Burant
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dustin J Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald J Triolo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Deptartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Bergmann J, Bardins S, Prawitz C, Keywan A, MacNeilage P, Jahn K. Perception of postural verticality in roll and pitch while sitting and standing in healthy subjects. Neurosci Lett 2020; 730:135055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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