1
|
Almeida CM, Ptak F, Prioli R. Observation of the early stages of environmental contamination in graphene by friction force. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214701. [PMID: 38828823 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air contaminates the surface of graphene sheets. Contamination may arise from different sources, and its nature alters the frictional behavior of the material. These changes in friction enable the observation of the early stages of contaminants' adsorption in graphene. Using a friction force microscope, we show that molecular adsorption initiates at the edges and mechanical defects in the monolayer. Once the monolayer is covered, the contaminants spread over the additional graphene layers. With this method, we estimate the contamination kinetics. In monolayer graphene, the surface area covered with adsorbed molecules increases with time of air exposure at a rate of 10-14 m2/s, while in bilayer graphene, it is one order of magnitude smaller. Finally, as the contaminants cover the additional graphene layers, friction no longer has a difference concerning the number of graphene layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara M Almeida
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ptak
- Departamento de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Prioli
- Departamento de Física, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lang H, Peng Y, Zou K, Huang Y, Song C. Velocity-Dependent Friction of Graphene at Electrical Contact Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11363-11370. [PMID: 37532707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has enormous potential as a solid lubricant at sliding electrical contact interfaces of micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems that suffer severe wear. Understanding the velocity-dependent friction of graphene under different applied voltages contributes to the application of graphene in sliding electrical contact scenarios. The friction of graphene, measured by conductive atomic force microscopy, under low applied voltage increases logarithmically with sliding velocity─the same as when no voltage is applied but at a faster rate of increase. The variation of friction was explained by the thermally activated Prandtl-Tomlinson model with increased potential barrier and temperature because of the applied voltage. An opposite trend in which friction decreases with sliding velocity is observed under high applied voltage. Topography, adhesion measurements, and SEM characterization demonstrate the wear of the tip. Moreover, the tip wears more severely at low sliding velocity compared to a high sliding velocity. It was interpreted that the excessive Joule heat at the electrical contact interface under high applied voltage weakens the mechanical properties of the tip, resulting in wear and high friction. The increase in the sliding velocity could accelerate the Joule heat transfer and reduce wear and friction. The studies provide beneficial guidelines for the design of graphene-lubricated sliding electrical contact interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yitian Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kun Zou
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chenfei Song
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Bearing Tribology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou X, Chen P, Xu RG, Zhang C, Zhang J. Interfacial friction of vdW heterostructures affected by in-plane strain. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:015708. [PMID: 36174390 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures dominate the durability and function of their booming practical and potential applications such as opoelectronic devices, superconductors and even pandemics research. However, the strain engineering modulates of interlayer friction of vdW heterostructures consisting of two distinct materials are still unclear, which hinders the applications of vdW heterostructures, as well as the design of solid lubricant and robust superlubricity. In the present paper, a molecular model between a hexagonal graphene flake and a rectangular SLMoS2sheet is established, and the influence of biaxial and uniaxial strain on interlayer friction is explored by molecular dynamics. It is found that the interlayer friction is insensitive to applied strains. Strong robustness of superlubricity between distinct layers is owed to the structure's intrinsic incommensurate characteristics and the existence of Moiré pattern. In engineering practice, it is of potential importance to introduce two distinct 2D materials at the sliding contact interface to reduce the interfacial friction of the contact pair and serve as ideal solid lubricants. Our research provides a further basis to explore the nanotribology and strain engineering of 2D materials and vdW heterostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Guang Xu
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington DC, WA-20052, United States of America
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noël O, Mazeran PE, Stanković I. Nature of Dynamic Friction in a Humid Hydrophobic Nanocontact. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10768-10774. [PMID: 35731935 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The physics of dynamic friction on water molecule contaminated surfaces is still poorly understood. In line with the growing interest in hydrophobic contact for industrial applications, this paper focuses on friction mechanisms in such interfaces. As a commonly used material, contact with graphite is considered in a twin-fold approach based on experimental investigations using the circular mode atomic force microscopy technique combined with molecular dynamic simulations. We demonstrate that an intuitive paradigm, which asserts that water molecules are squeezed out of a hydrophobic contact, should be refined. As a consequence, we introduce a mechanism considering a droplet produced within the sliding nanocontact by the accumulation of water adsorbed on the substrate. Then we show that a full slip regime of the droplet sliding on the hydrophobic substrate explains the experimental tribological behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Noël
- IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue O. Messiaen, 72085 Cedex 09, Le Mans, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Roberval, FRE UTC-CNRS 2012, Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Igor Stanković
- Scientific Computing Laboratory, Center for the Study of Complex Systems, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Graphene is a unique attractive material owing to its characteristic structure and excellent properties. To improve the preparation efficiency of graphene, reduce defects and costs, and meet the growing market demand, it is crucial to explore the improved and innovative production methods and process for graphene. This review summarizes recent advanced graphene synthesis methods including “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes, and their influence on the structure, cost, and preparation efficiency of graphene, as well as its peeling mechanism. The viability and practicality of preparing graphene using polymers peeling flake graphite or graphite filling polymer was discussed. Based on the comparative study, it is potential to mass produce graphene with large size and high quality using the viscoelasticity of polymers and their affinity to the graphite surface.
Collapse
|