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Yu C, Liu G, Qin J, Wan X, Guo A, Wei H, Chen Y, Lian B, Zhong F, Zhang J. Genomic and transcriptomic studies on flavonoid biosynthesis in Lagerstroemia indica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:171. [PMID: 38443839 PMCID: PMC10913235 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagerstroemia indica is a widely cultivated ornamental woody shrub/tree of the family Lythraceae that is used as a traditional medicinal plant in East Asia and Egypt. However, unlike other ornamental woody plants, its genome is not well-investigated, which hindered the discovery of the key genes that regulate important traits and the synthesis of bioactive compounds. RESULTS In this study, the genomic sequences of L. indica were determined using several next-generation sequencing technologies. Altogether, 324.01 Mb sequences were assembled and 98.21% (318.21 Mb) of them were placed in 24 pseudo-chromosomes. The heterozygosity, repeated sequences, and GC residues occupied 1.65%, 29.17%, and 38.64% of the genome, respectively. In addition, 28,811 protein-coding gene models, 327 miRNAs, 552 tRNAs, 214 rRNAs, and 607 snRNAs were identified. The intra- and interspecies synteny and Ks analysis revealed that L. indica exhibits a hexaploidy. The co-expression profiles of the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid (PA) and flavonoid/anthocyanin (ABGs) pathways with the R2R3 MYB genes (137 members) showed that ten R2R3 MYB genes positively regulate flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis. The colors of flowers with white, purple (PB), and deep purplish pink (DPB) petals were found to be determined by the levels of delphinidin-based (Dp) derivatives. However, the substrate specificities of LiDFR and LiOMT probably resulted in the different compositions of flavonoid/anthocyanin. In L. indica, two LiTTG1s (LiTTG1-1 and LiTTG1-2) were found to be the homologs of AtTTG1 (WD40). LiTTG1-1 was found to repress anthocyanin biosynthesis using the tobacco transient transfection assay. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the ancestor L. indica experienced genome triplication approximately 38.5 million years ago and that LiTTG1-1 represses anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, several genes such as LiDFR, LiOMTs, and R2R3 LiMYBs are related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms and alleles responsible for flower color development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Jin Qin
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Xi Wan
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Anfang Guo
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Hui Wei
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding of Nantong, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226019, China.
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Ye Y, Liu RY, Li X, Zheng XQ, Lu JL, Liang YR, Wei CL, Xu YQ, Ye JH. CsMYB67 participates in the flavonoid biosynthesis of summer tea leaves. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad231. [PMID: 38288253 PMCID: PMC10822840 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important compounds in tea leaves imparting bitter and astringent taste, which also play key roles in tea plants responding to environmental stress. Our previous study showed that the expression level of CsMYB67 was positively correlated with the accumulation of flavonoids in tea leaves as exposed to sunlight. Here, we newly reported the function of CsMYB67 in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in tea leaves. CsMYB67 was localized in the nucleus and responded to temperature. The results of transient expression assays showed the co-transformation of CsMYB67 and CsTTG1 promoted the transcription of CsANS promoter in the tobacco system. CsTTG1 was bound to the promoter of CsANS based on the results of yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and transient expression assays, while CsMYB67 enhanced the transcription of CsANS through protein interaction with CsTTG1 according to the results of yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Thus, CsMYB67-CsTTG1 module enhanced the anthocyanin biosynthesis through up-regulating the transcription of CsANS. Besides, CsMYB67 also enhanced the transcription of CsFLS and CsUFGT through forming transcription factor complexes. The function of CsMYB67 on flavonoid biosynthesis in tea leaves was validated by gene suppression assay. As CsMYB67 was suppressed, the transcriptional level of CsFLS was greatly reduced, leading to a significant increase in the contents of total catechins and total anthocyanidins. Hence, CsMYB67 plays an important role in regulating the downstream pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis in summer tea leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ru-Yi Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao-Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Lippolis A, Roland WSU, Bocova O, Pouvreau L, Trindade LM. The challenge of breeding for reduced off-flavor in faba bean ingredients. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1286803. [PMID: 37965015 PMCID: PMC10642941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1286803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in plant protein sources, such as pulses, is driven by the necessity for sustainable food production and climate change mitigation strategies. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a promising protein crop for temperate climates, owing to its remarkable yield potential (up to 8 tonnes ha-1 in favourable growing conditions) and high protein content (~29% dry matter basis). Nevertheless, the adoption of faba bean protein in plant-based products that aim to resemble animal-derived counterparts is hindered by its distinctive taste and aroma, regarded as "off-flavors". In this review, we propose to introduce off-flavor as a trait in breeding programs by identifying molecules involved in sensory perception and defining key breeding targets. We discuss the role of lipid oxidation in producing volatile and non-volatile compounds responsible for the beany aroma and bitter taste, respectively. We further investigate the contribution of saponin, tannin, and other polyphenols to bitterness and astringency. To develop faba bean varieties with diminished off-flavors, we suggest targeting genes to reduce lipid oxidation, such as lipoxygenases (lox) and fatty acid desaturases (fad), and genes involved in phenylpropanoid and saponin biosynthesis, such as zero-tannin (zt), chalcone isomerase (chi), chalcone synthase (chs), β-amyrin (bas1). Additionally, we address potential challenges, including the need for high-throughput phenotyping and possible limitations that could arise during the genetic improvement process. The breeding approach can facilitate the use of faba bean protein in plant-based food such as meat and dairy analogues more extensively, fostering a transition toward more sustainable and climate-resilient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lippolis
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wibke S. U. Roland
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ornela Bocova
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurice Pouvreau
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Bohra A, Tiwari A, Kaur P, Ganie SA, Raza A, Roorkiwal M, Mir RR, Fernie AR, Smýkal P, Varshney RK. The Key to the Future Lies in the Past: Insights from Grain Legume Domestication and Improvement Should Inform Future Breeding Strategies. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1554-1572. [PMID: 35713290 PMCID: PMC9680861 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop domestication is a co-evolutionary process that has rendered plants and animals significantly dependent on human interventions for survival and propagation. Grain legumes have played an important role in the development of Neolithic agriculture some 12,000 years ago. Despite being early companions of cereals in the origin and evolution of agriculture, the understanding of grain legume domestication has lagged behind that of cereals. Adapting plants for human use has resulted in distinct morpho-physiological changes between the wild ancestors and domesticates, and this distinction has been the focus of several studies aimed at understanding the domestication process and the genetic diversity bottlenecks created. Growing evidence from research on archeological remains, combined with genetic analysis and the geographical distribution of wild forms, has improved the resolution of the process of domestication, diversification and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the significance of legume wild relatives as reservoirs of novel genetic variation for crop breeding programs. We describe key legume features, which evolved in response to anthropogenic activities. Here, we highlight how whole genome sequencing and incorporation of omics-level data have expanded our capacity to monitor the genetic changes accompanying these processes. Finally, we present our perspective on alternative routes centered on de novo domestication and re-domestication to impart significant agronomic advances of novel crops over existing commodities. A finely resolved domestication history of grain legumes will uncover future breeding targets to develop modern cultivars enriched with alleles that improve yield, quality and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Abha Tiwari
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR-IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Santiniketan Road, Bolpur 731235, India
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), UAE University, Sheik Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, UAE
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Křížkovského 511/8, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
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Ojo MA. Tannins in Foods: Nutritional Implications and Processing Effects of Hydrothermal Techniques on Underutilized Hard-to-Cook Legume Seeds-A Review. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:14-19. [PMID: 35465118 PMCID: PMC9007702 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins, water-soluble phenolic compounds, have been reported to have the ability to form complexes with nutritionally important nutrients such as protein and mineral elements thereby making them unavailable for absorption and utilization. Toxicity of tannin has been demonstrated in experimental animals although no deleterious effect of ingestion of legume tannin on human physiology has been reported. This report highlights the processing effects of soaking and hydrothermal techniques on some underutilised hard-to-cook legume crops and the importance of tannin in legume nutrition. Soaking and hydrothermal processing reduce the tannin content of processed legume seeds and hence improve the availability of protein and mineral elements. In view of the recent findings of the health benefits, classification of tannin which is traditionally regarded as an antinutrient should be reconsidered. Provision of these information will enhance knowledge of legume nutrition and economic utility. Increasing consumption of underutilized nutritionally important legume seeds, it is hoped, will alleviate the problem of protein energy malnutrition in many developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Ayodele Ojo
- Department of Food Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso 210214, Nigeria
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6
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Adhikari KN, Khazaei H, Ghaouti L, Maalouf F, Vandenberg A, Link W, O'Sullivan DM. Conventional and Molecular Breeding Tools for Accelerating Genetic Gain in Faba Bean ( Vicia Faba L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:744259. [PMID: 34721470 PMCID: PMC8548637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean is a cool-season grain legume crop, which is grown worldwide for food and feed. Despite a decrease in area under faba bean in the past, the interest in growing faba bean is increasing globally due to its high seed protein content and its excellent ecological service. The crop is, however, exposed to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses causing unstable, low grain yield. Although, sources of resistance to main diseases, such as ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae Speg.), rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Schroet.), chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae Sard.) and gall disease (Physioderma viciae), have been identified, their resistance is only partial and cannot prevent grain yield losses without agronomical practices. Tightly associated DNA markers for host plant resistance genes are needed to enhance the level of resistance. Less progress has been made for abiotic stresses. Different breeding methods are proposed, but until now line breeding, based on the pedigree method, is the dominant practice in breeding programs. Nonetheless, the low seed multiplication coefficient and the requirement for growing under insect-proof enclosures to avoid outcrossing hampers breeding, along with the lack of tools such as double haploid system and cytoplasmic male sterility. This reduces breeding population size and speed of breeding hence the chances of capturing rare combinations of favorable alleles. Availability and use of the DNA markers such as vicine-convicine (vc -) and herbicide tolerance in breeding programs have encouraged breeders and given confidence in marker assisted selection. Closely linked QTL for several biotic and abiotic stress tolerance are available and their verification and conversion in breeder friendly platform will enhance the selection process. Recently, genomic selection and speed breeding techniques together with genomics have come within reach to accelerate the genetic gains in faba bean. Advancements in genomic resources with other breeding tools, methods and platforms will enable to accelerate the breeding process for enhancing genetic gain in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar N. Adhikari
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Plant Breeding Institute, Narrabri, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lamiae Ghaouti
- Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Department of Plant Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Maalouf
- International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Link
- Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Donal M. O'Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Khazaei H, O'Sullivan DM, Stoddard FL, Adhikari KN, Paull JG, Schulman AH, Andersen SU, Vandenberg A. Recent advances in faba bean genetic and genomic tools for crop improvement. LEGUME SCIENCE 2021; 3:e75. [PMID: 34977588 PMCID: PMC8700193 DOI: 10.1002/leg3.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a member of the Fabaceae family, is one of the important food legumes cultivated in cool temperate regions. It holds great importance for human consumption and livestock feed because of its high protein content, dietary fibre, and nutritional value. Major faba bean breeding challenges include its mixed breeding system, unknown wild progenitor, and genome size of ~13 Gb, which is the largest among diploid field crops. The key breeding objectives in faba bean include improved resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and enhanced seed quality traits. Regarding quality traits, major progress on reduction of vicine-convicine and seed coat tannins, the main anti-nutritional factors limiting faba bean seed usage, have been recently achieved through gene discovery. Genomic resources are relatively less advanced compared with other grain legume species, but significant improvements are underway due to a recent increase in research activities. A number of bi-parental populations have been constructed and mapped for targeted traits in the last decade. Faba bean now benefits from saturated synteny-based genetic maps, along with next-generation sequencing and high-throughput genotyping technologies that are paving the way for marker-assisted selection. Developing a reference genome, and ultimately a pan-genome, will provide a foundational resource for molecular breeding. In this review, we cover the recent development and deployment of genomic tools for faba bean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khazaei
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | | | - Frederick L. Stoddard
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, and Helsinki Sustainability Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kedar N. Adhikari
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyNarrabriNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jeffrey G. Paull
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- Production SystemsNatural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
- Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Stig U. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Gutierrez N, Avila CM, Torres AM. The bHLH transcription factor VfTT8 underlies zt2, the locus determining zero tannin content in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14299. [PMID: 32868815 PMCID: PMC7459296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important protein-rich fodder crop, which is widely cultivated in temperate areas. However, antinutritional compounds such as condensed tannins, limit the use of this protein source in monogastric feed formulations. Previous studies demonstrated that two recessive and complementary genes, zt1 and zt2, control absence of tannin and white flower colour in faba bean. An ortholog of the Medicago WD40 transcription factor TTG1 was reported to encode the zt1 phenotype, but the responsible gene for zt2 is still unknown. Here we used a candidate gene approach combined with linkage mapping, comparative genomics and gene expression to fine map the zt2 genomic region and to identify the regulatory gene controlling both traits. Seventy-two genes, including 23 MYB and bHLH regulatory genes predicted to be associated with anthocyanin expression together with WRKY proteins, were screened and genotyped in three mapping populations. The linkage groups constructed identified the regulatory gene, TRANSPARENT TESTA8 (TT8), encoding a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, as the candidate for zt2. This finding was supported by qPCR analysis and further validated in different genetic backgrounds. Accordingly, VfTT8 was downregulated in white flowered types while showing high levels of expression in wild genotypes. Our results provide new insights on the regulatory mechanisms of tannin biosynthesis in faba bean and will facilitate the development of an ultimate zt2 diagnostic marker for the fast generation of new value-added cultivars free of tannins and with improved nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gutierrez
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carmen M Avila
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Torres
- Área de Genómica y Biotecnología, IFAPA-Centro Alameda del Obispo, Apdo 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
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Zanotto S, Khazaei H, Elessawy FM, Vandenberg A, Purves RW. Do Faba Bean Genotypes Carrying Different Zero-Tannin Genes ( zt1 and zt2) Differ in Phenolic Profiles? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7530-7540. [PMID: 32628473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean is a cool season grain legume that produces seeds with a high protein content. Seed coat tannins limit its use in food and feed. A low-tannin phenotype is controlled by either of two unlinked recessive genes zt1 and zt2. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize phenolic profiles of seed coat and flower tissue of three faba bean genotypes: CDC Snowdrop (zt1 gene), Disco/2 (zt2 gene), and ILB 938/2 (tannin-containing). For both tissues, clear differences in phenolic profiles of ILB 938/2 were observed in comparison to both low-tannin lines. Although seed coat phenolic profiles of zt1 and zt2 genotypes were similar, distinct differences were evident in flower tissue, suggesting that the gene action results in some different end products of the phenolic biosynthetic pathway. These distinctive compounds could be used as biochemical markers to distinguish between low-tannin phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Hamid Khazaei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Fatma M Elessawy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
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Salgotra RK, Stewart CN. Functional Markers for Precision Plant Breeding. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4792. [PMID: 32640763 PMCID: PMC7370099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology including genomics, high-throughput sequencing, and genome editing enable increasingly faster and more precise cultivar development. Identifying genes and functional markers (FMs) that are highly associated with plant phenotypic variation is a grand challenge. Functional genomics approaches such as transcriptomics, targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), homologous recombinant (HR), association mapping, and allele mining are all strategies to identify FMs for breeding goals, such as agronomic traits and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The advantage of FMs over other markers used in plant breeding is the close genomic association of an FM with a phenotype. Thereby, FMs may facilitate the direct selection of genes associated with phenotypic traits, which serves to increase selection efficiencies to develop varieties. Herein, we review the latest methods in FM development and how FMs are being used in precision breeding for agronomic and quality traits as well as in breeding for biotic and abiotic stress resistance using marker assisted selection (MAS) methods. In summary, this article describes the use of FMs in breeding for development of elite crop cultivars to enhance global food security goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romesh K. Salgotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu 190008, India
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Ohanenye IC, Tsopmo A, Ejike CE, Udenigwe CC. Germination as a bioprocess for enhancing the quality and nutritional prospects of legume proteins. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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