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Robocasting and Laser Micromachining of Sol-Gel Derived 3D Silica/Gelatin/β-TCP Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100634. [PMID: 36286135 PMCID: PMC9602064 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of sol-gel silica-based hybrid materials and composites offer significant benefits to obtain innovative biomaterials with controlled porosity at the nanostructure level for applications in bone tissue engineering. In this work, the combination of robocasting with sol-gel ink of suitable viscosity prepared by mixing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), gelatin and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) allowed for the manufacture of 3D scaffolds consisting of a 3D square mesh of interpenetrating rods, with macropore size of 354.0 ± 17.0 μm, without the use of chemical additives at room temperature. The silica/gelatin/β-TCP system underwent irreversible gelation, and the resulting gels were also used to fabricate different 3D structures by means of an alternative scaffolding method, involving high-resolution laser micromachining by laser ablation. By this way, 3D scaffolds made of 2 mm thick rectangular prisms presenting a parallel macropore system drilled through the whole thickness and consisting of laser micromachined holes of 350.8 ± 16.6-micrometer diameter, whose centers were spaced 1312.0 ± 23.0 μm, were created. Both sol-gel based 3D scaffold configurations combined compressive strength in the range of 2–3 MPa and the biocompatibility of the hybrid material. In addition, the observed Si, Ca and P biodegradation provided a suitable microenvironment with significant focal adhesion development, maturation and also enhanced in vitro cell growth. In conclusion, this work successfully confirmed the feasibility of both strategies for the fabrication of new sol-gel-based hybrid scaffolds with osteoconductive properties.
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Niu YQ, Liu JH, Aymonier C, Fermani S, Kralj D, Falini G, Zhou CH. Calcium carbonate: controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7883-7943. [PMID: 35993776 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials, textiles, cosmetics, and food. Over the last decade, there has been rapid development in the controlled synthesis and surface modification of CaCO3, the stabilization of amorphous CaCO3 (ACC), and CaCO3-based nanostructured materials. In this review, the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 is first examined, including Ca2+-CO32- systems, solid-liquid-gas carbonation, water-in-oil reverse emulsions, and biomineralization. Advancing insights into the nucleation and crystallization of CaCO3 have led to the development of efficient routes towards the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 with specific sizes, morphologies, and polymorphs. Recently-developed surface modification methods of CaCO3 include organic and inorganic modifications, as well as intensified surface reactions. The resultant CaCO3 can then be further engineered via template-induced biomineralization and layer-by-layer assembly into porous, hollow, or core-shell organic-inorganic nanocomposites. The introduction of CaCO3 into nanostructured materials has led to a significant improvement in the mechanical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of such materials, with the resultant CaCO3-based nanostructured materials showing great potential for use in biomaterials and biomedicine, environmental remediation, and energy production and storage. The influences that the preparation conditions and additives have on ACC preparation and stabilization are also discussed. Studies indicate that ACC can be used to construct environmentally-friendly hybrid films, supramolecular hydrogels, and drug vehicles. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions of the controlled synthesis and functionalization of CaCO3 and its expanding applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Niu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ Bordeaux, ICMCB, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5026, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Damir Kralj
- Laboratory for Precipitation Processes, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P. O. Box 1016, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chun-Hui Zhou
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
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3
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Aprillia I, Alinda SD, Suprastiwi E. Efficacy of Rice Husk Nanosilica as A Caries Treatment (Dentin Hydroxyapatite and Antimicrobial Analysis). Eur J Dent 2022; 16:875-879. [PMID: 35728609 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rice husk nanosilica has a porous, amorphous structure with a silica (SiO2) surface. Silica interacts with calcium ions to form hydroxyapatite and can induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which harm microorganisms. This research determines the effect of rice husk nanosilica on the increase in dentin hydroxyapatite and its antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We divided 27 dental cavity samples into three groups (n = 9). Group 1: normal dentin, Group 2: demineralized dentin, Group 3: demineralized dentin treated with rice husk nanosilica. The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite. To analyze the viability of S. mutans after exposure to 2% nanosilica rice husk, we conducted an antimicrobial MTT assay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The Kruskal-Wallis test evaluates the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite, and the t-test evaluates the viability of S. mutans. RESULTS There was an increase in the amount of dentin hydroxyapatite after the application of rice husk nanosilica compared with the control group (normal dentin), and 2% rice husk nanosilica had an antimicrobial effect (p < 0.005) in the group exposed to it. CONCLUSION Rice husk nanosilica can induce the formation of dentin hydroxyapatite and has antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffi Aprillia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sylva Dinie Alinda
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Alvarez Echazú MI, Perna O, Olivetti CE, Antezana PE, Municoy S, Tuttolomondo MV, Galdopórpora JM, Alvarez GS, Olmedo DG, Desimone MF. Recent Advances in Synthetic and Natural Biomaterials-Based Therapy for Bone Defects. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100383. [PMID: 34984818 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic and natural biomaterials are a promising alternative for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects. Several parameters such as their porosity, surface, and mechanical properties are extensively pointed out as key points to recapitulate the bone microenvironment. Many biomaterials with this pursuit are employed to provide a matrix, which can supply the specific environment and architecture for an adequate bone growth. Nevertheless, some queries remain unanswered. This review discusses the recent advances achieved by some synthetic and natural biomaterials to mimic the native structure of bone and the manufacturing technology applied to obtain biomaterial candidates. The focus of this review is placed in the recent advances in the development of biomaterial-based therapy for bone defects in different types of bone. In this context, this review gives an overview of the potentialities of synthetic and natural biomaterials: polyurethanes, polyesters, hyaluronic acid, collagen, titanium, and silica as successful candidates for the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María I Alvarez Echazú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142 (1122), CABA, Argentina
| | - Oriana Perna
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Christian E Olivetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Antezana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Sofia Municoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - María V Tuttolomondo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Juan M Galdopórpora
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Gisela S Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
| | - Daniel G Olmedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142 (1122), CABA, Argentina.,CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
| | - Martín F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, Piso 3°, (1113) Buenos Aires, Argentina., Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 3°, Buenos Aires, 1113, Argentina
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Tomazela L, Cruz MAE, Nascimento LA, Fagundes CC, da Veiga MAMS, Zamarioli A, Bottini M, Ciancaglini P, Brassesco MS, Engel EE, Ramos AP. Fabrication and characterization of a bioactive polymethylmethacrylate-based porous cement loaded with strontium/calcium apatite nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:812-826. [PMID: 34783455 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based cements are used for bone reparation due to their biocompatibility, suitable mechanical properties, and mouldability. However, these materials suffer from high exothermic polymerization and poor bioactivity, which can cause the formation of fibrous tissue around the implant and aseptic loosening. Herein, we tackled these problems by adding Sr2+ -substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPs) and a porogenic compound to the formulations, thus creating a microenvironment suitable for the proliferation of osteoblasts. The NPs resembled the structure of the bone's apatite and enabled the controlled release of Sr2+ . Trends in the X-ray patterns and infrared spectra confirmed that Sr2+ replaced Ca2+ in the whole composition range of the NPs. The inclusion of an effervescent additive reduced the polymerization temperature and lead to the formation of highly porous cement exhibiting mechanical properties comparable to the trabecular bone. The formation of an opened and interconnected matrix allowed osteoblasts to penetrate the cement structure. Most importantly, the gas formation confined the NPs at the surface of the pores, guaranteeing the controlled delivery of Sr2+ within a concentration sufficient to maintain osteoblast viability. Additionally, the cement was able to form apatite when immersed into simulated body fluids, further increasing its bioactivity. Therefore, we offer a formulation of PMMA cement with improved in vitro performance supported by enhanced bioactivity, increased osteoblast viability and deposition of mineralized matrix assigned to the loading with Sr2+ -substituted hydroxyapatite NPs and the creation of an interconnected porous structure. Altogether, our results hold promise for enhanced bone reparation guided by PMMA cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Tomazela
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Eufrásio Cruz
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Aine Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia C Fagundes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ariane Zamarioli
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pietro Ciancaglini
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Sol Brassesco
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard E Engel
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Anestesiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cal F, Sezgin Arslan T, Derkus B, Kiran F, Cengiz U, Arslan YE. Synthesis of Silica-Based Boron-Incorporated Collagen/Human Hair Keratin Hybrid Cryogels with the Potential Bone Formation Capability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7266-7279. [PMID: 35006956 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have evolved into a different concept, the so-called clinical tissue engineering. Within this context, the synthesis of next-generation inorganic-organic hybrid constructs without the use of chemical crosslinkers emerges with a great potential for treating bone defects. Here, we propose a sophisticated approach for synthesizing cost-effective boron (B)- and silicon (Si)-incorporated collagen/hair keratin (B-Si-Col-HK) cryogels with the help of sol-gel reactions. In this approach, collagen and hair keratin were engaged with a B-Si network using tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica precursor, and the obtained cryogels were characterized in depth with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, porosity and swelling tests, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analyses, frequency sweep and temperature-dependent rheology, contact angle analysis, micromechanical tests, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In addition, the cell survival and osteogenic features of the cryogels were evaluated by the MTS test, live/dead assay, immuno/histochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. We conclude that the B-Si-networked Col-HK cryogels having good mechanical durability and osteoinductive features would have the potential bone formation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Cal
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sezgin Arslan
- Personalized Medicine and Biosensing Research (PMBR) Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey.,Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM), Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Ugur Cengiz
- Surface Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
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Forero-Sossa PA, Salazar-Martínez JD, Giraldo-Betancur AL, Segura-Giraldo B, Restrepo-Parra E. Temperature effect in physicochemical and bioactive behavior of biogenic hydroxyapatite obtained from porcine bones. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11069. [PMID: 34040024 PMCID: PMC8154992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic hydroxyapatite (BHAp) is a widely used material in the biomedical area due to its similarities with the bone tissue mineral phase. Several works have been spotlighted on the thermal behavior of bone. However, little research has focused on determining the influence of calcination temperature in the physicochemical and bioactive properties of BHAp. In this work, a study of the physicochemical properties’ changes and bioactive response of BHAp produced from porcine femur bones using calcination temperatures between 900 to 1200 °C was conducted. The samples’ structural, morphological, and compositional changes were determined using XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques. XRD results identified three temperature ranges, in which there are structural changes in BHAp samples and the presence of additional phases. Moreover, FTIR results corroborated that B-type substitution is promoted by increasing the heat treatment temperature. Likewise, samples were immersed in a simulated biological fluid (SBF), following the methodology described by Kokubo and using ISO 23317:2014 standard, for 3 and 7 days. FTIR and SEM results determined that the highest reaction velocity was reached for samples above 1000 °C, due to intensity increasing of phosphate and carbonate bands and bone-like apatite morphologies, compared to other temperatures evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Forero-Sossa
- Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia- Manizales, Km 9 vía al aeropuerto, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Lib. Norponiente 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro, México
| | - J D Salazar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia- Manizales, Km 9 vía al aeropuerto, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - A L Giraldo-Betancur
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Lib. Norponiente 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Qro, México
| | - B Segura-Giraldo
- Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia- Manizales, Km 9 vía al aeropuerto, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - E Restrepo-Parra
- Laboratorio de Física del Plasma, Universidad Nacional de Colombia- Manizales, Km 9 vía al aeropuerto, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia. .,PCM Computational Applications, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales, km. 9 vía al aeropuerto, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia.
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Rößler S, Brückner A, Kruppke I, Wiesmann HP, Hanke T, Kruppke B. 3D Plotting of Silica/Collagen Xerogel Granules in an Alginate Matrix for Tissue-Engineered Bone Implants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040830. [PMID: 33572321 PMCID: PMC7916147 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Today, materials designed for bone regeneration are requested to be degradable and resorbable, bioactive, porous, and osteoconductive, as well as to be an active player in the bone-remodeling process. Multiphasic silica/collagen Xerogels were shown, earlier, to meet these requirements. The aim of the present study was to use these excellent material properties of silica/collagen Xerogels and to process them by additive manufacturing, in this case 3D plotting, to generate implants matching patient specific shapes of fractures or lesions. The concept is to have Xerogel granules as active major components embedded, to a large proportion, in a matrix that binds the granules in the scaffold. By using viscoelastic alginate as matrix, pastes of Xerogel granules were processed via 3D plotting. Moreover, alginate concentration was shown to be the key to a high content of irregularly shaped Xerogel granules embedded in a minimum of matrix phase. Both the alginate matrix and Xerogel granules were also shown to influence viscoelastic behavior of the paste, as well as the dimensionally stability of the scaffolds. In conclusion, 3D plotting of Xerogel granules was successfully established by using viscoelastic properties of alginate as matrix phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rößler
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.B.); (H.-P.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Andreas Brückner
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.B.); (H.-P.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Iris Kruppke
- Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Materials Technology, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Hans-Peter Wiesmann
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.B.); (H.-P.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.B.); (H.-P.W.); (T.H.)
| | - Benjamin Kruppke
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.R.); (A.B.); (H.-P.W.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-463-42762
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