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Habib AF, Manahan GG, Scherkl P, Heinemann T, Sutherland A, Altuiri R, Alotaibi BM, Litos M, Cary J, Raubenheimer T, Hemsing E, Hogan MJ, Rosenzweig JB, Williams PH, McNeil BWJ, Hidding B. Attosecond-Angstrom free-electron-laser towards the cold beam limit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1054. [PMID: 36828817 PMCID: PMC9958197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron beam quality is paramount for X-ray pulse production in free-electron-lasers (FELs). State-of-the-art linear accelerators (linacs) can deliver multi-GeV electron beams with sufficient quality for hard X-ray-FELs, albeit requiring km-scale setups, whereas plasma-based accelerators can produce multi-GeV electron beams on metre-scale distances, and begin to reach beam qualities sufficient for EUV FELs. Here we show, that electron beams from plasma photocathodes many orders of magnitude brighter than state-of-the-art can be generated in plasma wakefield accelerators (PWFAs), and then extracted, captured, transported and injected into undulators without significant quality loss. These ultrabright, sub-femtosecond electron beams can drive hard X-FELs near the cold beam limit to generate coherent X-ray pulses of attosecond-Angstrom class, reaching saturation after only 10 metres of undulator. This plasma-X-FEL opens pathways for advanced photon science capabilities, such as unperturbed observation of electronic motion inside atoms at their natural time and length scale, and towards higher photon energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Habib
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - G. G. Manahan
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - P. Scherkl
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - A. Sutherland
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - R. Altuiri
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Physics Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - B. M. Alotaibi
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.449346.80000 0004 0501 7602Physics Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Litos
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. Cary
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Physics, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.448325.c0000 0004 0556 1325Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, USA
| | - T. Raubenheimer
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - E. Hemsing
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - M. J. Hogan
- grid.445003.60000 0001 0725 7771SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - J. B. Rosenzweig
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - P. H. Williams
- grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.482271.a0000 0001 0727 2226ASTeC, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, UK
| | - B. W. J. McNeil
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK ,grid.450757.40000 0004 6085 4374The Cockcroft Institute, Daresbury, UK ,grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute for Laser and Plasma Physics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Generation of Highly Charged Au Ion in Laser-Produced Plasma for Water Window X-ray Radiation Sources. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly charged ions in the plasma produced by high-power laser can radiate bright and short-pulse X-rays. Owing to the unresolved transition array (UTA) from the high-Z elements, laser produced plasma has been applied for developing X-ray sources. In particular, X-rays in the water-window (WW) region (2.3–4.4 nm) is utilized as the light source of the X-ray microscopy to observe living organisms under high contrast and resolution. In this work, WW X-rays radiated from a laser (1064 nm, 6.2 ns) produced Au-plasma has been studied. UTA spectrum in the WW range has been observed through a grazing incident spectrometer (GIS). Dependence of Au-ion charge state distribution on laser intensity has been experimentally investigated and evaluated by a transition probability data calculated by the flexible atomic code. The integrated soft X-ray emission has been observed through a pinhole camera with a 1.0-μm Ti-filter, combined with a 2-D plasma radiation scanning achieved by the GIS. An intense WW emission region 200-μm away from the target surface has been observed, which indicates a more effective area is possible to be utilized for a practical use.
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