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Fan X, Moreno-Garcia D, Ding J, Gylfason KB, Villanueva LG, Niklaus F. Resonant Transducers Consisting of Graphene Ribbons with Attached Proof Masses for NEMS Sensors. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:102-109. [PMID: 38229663 PMCID: PMC10788872 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The unique mechanical and electrical properties of graphene make it an exciting material for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). NEMS resonators with graphene springs facilitate studies of graphene's fundamental material characteristics and thus enable innovative device concepts for applications such as sensors. Here, we demonstrate resonant transducers with ribbon-springs made of double-layer graphene and proof masses made of silicon and study their nonlinear mechanics at resonance both in air and in vacuum by laser Doppler vibrometry. Surprisingly, we observe spring-stiffening and spring-softening at resonance, depending on the graphene spring designs. The measured quality factors of the resonators in a vacuum are between 150 and 350. These results pave the way for a class of ultraminiaturized nanomechanical sensors such as accelerometers by contributing to the understanding of the dynamics of transducers based on graphene ribbons with an attached proof mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuge Fan
- Advanced
Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Moreno-Garcia
- Advanced
NEMS Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jie Ding
- School
of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kristinn B. Gylfason
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Frank Niklaus
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Dorey F, Furer LA, Zehnder S, Furrer R, Brönnimann R, Shorubalko I, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Ultralarge suspended and perforated graphene membranes for cell culture applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10097-10107. [PMID: 37842821 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01784b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
With its high mechanical strength and its remarkable thermal and electrical properties, suspended graphene has long been expected to find revolutionary applications in optoelectronics or as a membrane in nano-devices. However, the lack of efficient transfer and patterning processes still limits its potential. In this work, we report an optimized anthracene-based transfer process to suspend few layers of graphene (1-, 2- and 4-layers) in the millimeter range (up to 3 mm) with high reproducibility. We have explored the advantages and limitations for patterning of these membranes with micrometer-resolution by focused ion beam (FIB) and picosecond pulsed laser ablation techniques. The FIB approach offers higher patterning resolution but suffers from the low throughput. We demonstrate that cold laser ablation is a fast and flexible method for micro-structuring of suspended graphene. One promising field of application of ultimately thin, microporous graphene membranes is their use as next-generation cell culture supports as alternative to track-etched polymer membranes, which often exhibit poor permeability and limited cell-to-cell communication across the membranes. To this end, we confirmed good adhesion and high viability of placental trophoblast cells cultivated on suspended porous graphene membranes without rupturing of the membranes. Overall, there is high potential for the further development of ultrathin suspended graphene membranes for many future applications, including their use for biobarrier cell culture models to enable predictive transport and toxicity assessment of drugs, environmental pollutants, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Dorey
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Lea A Furer
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Zehnder
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Furrer
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Rolf Brönnimann
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Ivan Shorubalko
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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3
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Xiao B, Yin M, Li W, Liang L, Dai S, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu Z. Significant Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Suspended Graphene Film by Stacking Multilayer CVD Graphene Films. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:745. [PMID: 37420978 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Suspended graphene film is of great significance for building high-performance electrical devices. However, fabricating large-area suspended graphene film with good mechanical properties is still a challenge, especially for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene films. In this work, the mechanical properties of suspended CVD-grown graphene film are investigated systematically for the first time. It is found that monolayer graphene film is hard to maintain on circular holes with a diameter of tens of micrometers, which can be improved greatly by increasing the layer of graphene films. The mechanical properties of CVD-grown multilayer graphene films suspended on a circular hole with a diameter of 70 µm can be increased by 20%, and multilayer graphene films prepared by layer-layer stacking process can be increased by up to 400% for the same size. The corresponding mechanism was also discussed in detail, which might pave the way for building high-performance electrical devices based on high-strength suspended graphene film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xiao
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Mengqing Yin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wanfa Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Lingyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shixun Dai
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- CRRC Industrial Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Graphene, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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4
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Acharjee S, Dutta N, Devi R, Boruah A. Nonlinear oscillations, chaotic dynamics, and stability analysis of bilayer graphene-like structures. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:013136. [PMID: 36725664 DOI: 10.1063/5.0125665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics of perturbed bilayer graphene-like structures. The potential energy surface (PES) of bilayer graphene-like geometries is obtained by considering interactions of a co-aligned and counter-aligned arrangement of atoms. We studied the dynamics using the Poincaré surface of section for co-aligned hydrofluorinated graphene (HFG) and counter-aligned hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and generalized it for other systems using various choices of interaction parameters. The nature of the oscillations is understood via power spectra and the Lyapunov exponents. We found that the PES is very sensitive to the perturbation for all bilayer graphene-like systems. It is seen that the bilayer HFG system displays chaotic oscillations for strong perturbation, while for the h-BN system, the signature of chaos is found for weak perturbation. We have also generalized the work for perturbed bilayer graphene-like geometries, considering different interlayer interactions and the strength of perturbation. We found a signature of transition from regular to quasiperiodic and finally chaotic oscillations tuned via the strength of the perturbation for these geometries. The nature of the equilibrium points for bilayer graphene-like systems is analyzed via Jacobian stability conditions. We found three stable nodes for co-aligned HFG and counter-aligned h-BN systems for all interaction strengths. Though all other nodes are unstable saddle nodes, the signature of a local bifurcation is also found for weak perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Acharjee
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Nimisha Dutta
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Reeta Devi
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
| | - Arindam Boruah
- Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786 004, Assam, India
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5
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Nam KB, Hu Q, Yeo JH, Kim MJ, Yoo JB. Fabrication of a 100 × 100 mm 2 nanometer-thick graphite pellicle for extreme ultraviolet lithography by a peel-off and camphor-supported transfer approach. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3824-3831. [PMID: 36133349 PMCID: PMC9470056 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography pellicle is used to physically protect a mask from contaminants during the EUV exposure process and needs to have a high EUV transmittance. The EUV pellicle should be fabricated using a freestanding thin film with several tens of nanometer thickness in an area of 110 × 142 mm2, which is a challenging task. Here, we propose a peel-off approach to directly detach the nanometer-thick graphite film (NGF)/Ni film from SiO2/Si wafer and significantly shorten the etching time of the Ni film. Combined with the residue-damage-free transfer method that used camphor as a supporting layer, we successfully fabricated a large-area (100 × 100 mm2) NGF pellicle with a thickness of ∼20 nm, and an EUV transmittance of ∼87.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bong Nam
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Qicheng Hu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 China
| | - Jin-Ho Yeo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ja Kim
- Mask Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Hwaseong 18448 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Beom Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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6
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Abdullah MF, Bulya Nazim NJN, Mat Hussin MR, Ismail MA, Mohd Zaini KM. Modulated Ar/CH 4 Plasma by Metal Shield for Enhancing the PECVD Growth of Vertical Graphene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x22500235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Moreno-Garcia D, Fan X, Smith AD, Lemme MC, Messina V, Martin-Olmos C, Niklaus F, Villanueva LG. A Resonant Graphene NEMS Vibrometer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201816. [PMID: 35638191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring vibrations is essential to ensuring building structural safety and machine stability. Predictive maintenance is a central internet of things (IoT) application within the new industrial revolution, where sustainability and performance increase over time are going to be paramount. To reduce the footprint and cost of vibration sensors while improving their performance, new sensor concepts are needed. Here, double-layer graphene membranes are utilized with a suspended silicon proof demonstrating their operation as resonant vibration sensors that show outstanding performance for a given footprint and proof mass. The unveiled sensing effect is based on resonant transduction and has important implications for experimental studies involving thin nano and micro mechanical resonators that are excited by an external shaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moreno-Garcia
- Advanced NEMS Group, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Xuge Fan
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
- Adv. Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Anderson D Smith
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Max C Lemme
- Chair of Electronic Devices, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Tech, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Messina
- Advanced NEMS Group, École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Frank Niklaus
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden
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8
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Pezone R, Baglioni G, Sarro PM, Steeneken PG, Vollebregt S. Sensitive Transfer-Free Wafer-Scale Graphene Microphones. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:21705-21712. [PMID: 35475352 PMCID: PMC9100512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades micro-electromechanical microphones have largely taken over the market for portable devices, being produced in volumes of billions yearly. Because performance of current devices is near the physical limits, further miniaturization and improvement of microphones for mobile devices poses a major challenge that requires breakthrough device concepts, geometries, and materials. Graphene is an attractive material for enabling these breakthroughs due to its flexibility, strength, nanometer thinness, and high electrical conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that transfer-free 7 nm thick multilayer graphene (MLGr) membranes with diameters ranging from 85-155 to 300 μm can be used to detect sound and show a mechanical compliance up to 92 nm Pa-1, thus outperforming commercially available MEMS microphones of 950 μm with compliances around 3 nm Pa-1. The feasibility of realizing larger membranes with diameters of 300 μm and even higher compliances is shown, although these have lower yields. We present a process for locally growing graphene on a silicon wafer and realizing suspended membranes of patterned graphene across through-silicon holes by bulk micromachining and sacrificial layer etching, such that no transfer is required. This transfer-free method results in a 100% yield for membranes with diameters up to 155 μm on 132 fabricated drums. The device-to-device variations in the mechanical compliance in the audible range (20-20000 Hz) are significantly smaller than those in transferred membranes. With this work, we demonstrate a transfer-free method for realizing wafer-scale multilayer graphene membranes that is compatible with high-volume manufacturing. Thus, limitations of transfer-based methods for graphene microphone fabrication such as polymer contamination, crack formation, wrinkling, folding, delamination, and low-tension reproducibility are largely circumvented, setting a significant step on the route toward high-volume production of graphene microphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pezone
- Laboratory
of Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Department
of Microelectronics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Baglioni
- Kavli
Institue of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pasqualina M. Sarro
- Laboratory
of Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Department
of Microelectronics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G. Steeneken
- Kavli
Institue of Nanoscience, Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Department
of Precision and Microsystems Engineering (PME), Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Vollebregt
- Laboratory
of Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Department
of Microelectronics, Delft University of
Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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9
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Baraillon J, Taurel B, Labeye P, Duraffourg L. A lensed fiber Bragg grating-based membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical cavity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4937. [PMID: 35322110 PMCID: PMC8943148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optomechanical systems benefit from the coupling between an optical field and mechanical vibrations. Fiber-based devices are well suited to easily exploit this interaction. We report an alternative approach of a silicon nitride membrane-in-the-middle of a high quality factor ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) Fabry-Perot, formed by a grating inscribed within a fiber core as an input mirror in front of a dielectric back mirror. The Pound-Drever-Hall technique used to stabilize the laser frequency on the optical resonance frequency allows us to reduce the low frequency noise down to [Formula: see text]. We present a detailed methodology for the characterization of the optical and optomechanical properties of this stabilized system, using various membrane geometries, with corresponding resonance frequencies in the range of several hundred of [Formula: see text]. The excellent long-term stability is illustrated by continuous measurements of the thermomechanical noise spectrum over several days, with the laser source maintained at optical resonance. This major result makes this system an ideal candidate for optomechanical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Baraillon
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, LETI, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Boris Taurel
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, LETI, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Labeye
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, LETI, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Duraffourg
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, LETI, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054, Grenoble, France.
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10
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Nam KB, Yeo JH, Hu Q, Kim MJ, Oh B, Yoo JB. Fabrication of extreme ultraviolet lithography pellicle with nanometer-thick graphite film by sublimation of camphor supporting layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:465301. [PMID: 34340219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac19d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicle consists of freestanding thin films on a frame; these films are tens of nanometers in thickness and can include Si, SiNX, or graphite. Nanometer-thick graphite films (NGFs), synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on a metal catalyst, are used as a pellicle material. The most common method to transfer NGFs onto a substrate or a frame is to use polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a supporting layer. However, this PMMA-mediated technique involves several disadvantages in term of manufacturing NGF EUV pellicles. When removing the PMMA using acetone or O2plasma, defects or deflections can occur in the NGFs. Furthermore, PMMA residues are generally present on large-area NGFs. In this study, a transfer method using camphor instead of PMMA as the supporting layer was developed to overcome these problems. After the camphor/NGF was formed on the frame, camphor was removed via sublimation in an atmosphere of ethanol vapor. This study investigated the deposition and sublimation of camphor, and confirmed that no residue was present and no deflection or defects were observed in the NGFs. Thus, a large-area NGF pellicle was successfully fabricated using the camphor transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bong Nam
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yeo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Qicheng Hu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ja Kim
- Mask Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 445-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungdu Oh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Beom Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering (BK21), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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11
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Xu F, Zheng X, Wang G, Zhang Y, Qiu J, Liu G. Large-Size Suspended Mono-Layer Graphene Film Transfer Based on the Inverted Floating Method. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050525. [PMID: 34066617 PMCID: PMC8148557 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suspended graphene can perfectly present the excellent material properties of graphene, which has a good application prospect in graphene sensors. The existing suspended graphene pressure sensor has several problems that need to be solved, one of which is the fabrication of a suspended sample. It is still very difficult to obtain large-size suspended graphene films with a high integrity that are defect-free. Based on the simulation and analysis of the kinetic process of the traditional suspended graphene release process, a novel setup for large-size suspended graphene release was designed based on the inverted floating method (IFM). The success rate of the single-layer suspended graphene with a diameter of 200 μm transferred on a stainless-steel substrate was close to 50%, which is greatly improved compared with the traditional impregnation method. The effects of the defects and burrs around the substrate cavity on the stress concentration of graphene transfer explain why the transfer success rate of large-size suspended graphene is not high. This research lays the foundation for providing large-size suspended graphene films in the area of graphene high-precision sensors.
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12
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Gotzias A. Binding Free Energy Calculations of Bilayer Graphenes Using Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:1164-1171. [PMID: 33663215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphenes are dimeric assemblies of single graphene layers bound together by π-complexation interactions. Controlling these assemblies can be complicated, as the layered compounds disperse in solvents or aggregate into higher columnar configurations and clusters. One way to assess the interactions that contribute to the stability of the layered compounds is to use molecular simulation. We perform pulling molecular dynamics on bilayer graphenes with different sizes and obtain the normal and shear force profiles of dissociation. We generate pathways of dissociation along the two directions and calculate the binding free energies of the structures with umbrella sampling simulations. We show that the dissociation process is direction-dependent. Along the shear direction, we compute the same free energy for the different samples, which validates the consistency of our simulations. We notice that the dissociation is less adiabatic on the normal than the shear direction, having an entropic contribution to the Gibbs energy. This contribution is more enhanced for the larger bilayer graphenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Gotzias
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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13
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Wei J, Huang JK, Du J, Bian B, Li S, Wang D. Effect of the geometry of precursor crucibles on the growth of MoS 2 flakes by chemical vapor deposition. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) employing a furnace with multiple temperature zones is still the best and most widely used method for preparing high-quality MoS2 flakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Wei
- School of Science, Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
| | - Jing-Kai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Jianhao Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Baoan Bian
- School of Science, Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Danyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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