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Smith R, Morgan K, McCarron A, Cmielewski P, Reyne N, Parsons D, Donnelley M. Ultra-fast in vivodirectional dark-field x-ray imaging for visualising magnetic control of particles for airway gene delivery. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:105025. [PMID: 38640914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad40f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Magnetic nanoparticles can be used as a targeted delivery vehicle for genetic therapies. Understanding how they can be manipulated within the complex environment of live airways is key to their application to cystic fibrosis and other respiratory diseases.Approach.Dark-field x-ray imaging provides sensitivity to scattering information, and allows the presence of structures smaller than the detector pixel size to be detected. In this study, ultra-fast directional dark-field synchrotron x-ray imaging was utlilised to understand how magnetic nanoparticles move within a live, anaesthetised, rat airway under the influence of static and moving magnetic fields.Main results.Magnetic nanoparticles emerging from an indwelling tracheal cannula were detectable during delivery, with dark-field imaging increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of this event by 3.5 times compared to the x-ray transmission signal. Particle movement as well as particle retention was evident. Dynamic magnetic fields could manipulate the magnetic particlesin situ. Significance.This is the first evidence of the effectiveness ofin vivodark-field imaging operating at these spatial and temporal resolutions, used to detect magnetic nanoparticles. These findings provide the basis for further development toward the effective use of magnetic nanoparticles, and advance their potential as an effective delivery vehicle for genetic agents in the airways of live organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Smith
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kaye Morgan
- Department of Physics, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra McCarron
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Patricia Cmielewski
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicole Reyne
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Parsons
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martin Donnelley
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
- Women's and Children's Hospital, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, King William Road, Adelaide, Australia
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Zhang Y, Lu P, Qi H, Mao R, Bao Y. Safety of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy on the Sheep with Pulmonary Cystic Echinococcosis: A Preliminary Study. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:559-566. [PMID: 38233676 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy showed the potential to effectively kill the cysts of pulmonary cystic echinococcosis (CE). However, little is known about its safety. This study was designed to investigate the safety of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) on the normal lung tissue adjacent to the cyst and blood of sheep naturally infected with pulmonary CE. METHODS Twenty pulmonary CE sheep were randomly divided into control group (n = 5) and radiation groups with a dose of 30 Gray (Gy) (n = 5), 45 Gy (n = 5), and 60 Gy (n = 5), respectively. Animals in control group received no radiation. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the lung tissues adjacent to the cysts, which were considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of CE, were evaluated after 3D-CRT. A routine blood test was conducted. RESULTS The results showed that there were multiple cysts of various sizes with protoscoleces in the lung tissues of sheep, and necrotic cysts were found after 3D-CRT. 3D-CRT significantly increased the mRNA level of Hsp70, enhanced the protein level of TGF-β and slightly increased the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lung tissues adjacent to the cysts. 3D-CRT did not significantly alter the amount of WBC, HB and PLT in sheep blood. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that 3D-CRT may suppress the inflammation and induce less damage of the normal lung tissues and blood. We preliminarily showed that 3D-CRT under a safe dose may be used to treat pulmonary CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Hongzhi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Rui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Yongxing Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137 South Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Yasuda H, Morioka S. Comparative study on measurements of radiochromic films using portable colorimeters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3384. [PMID: 38336983 PMCID: PMC10858274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The recently proposed method for on-site radiation dosimetry by a combination of radiochromic film and portable colorimeter was tested for six combinations of two popular Gafchromic films (EBT3 and EBT-XD) and three commercially available portable colorimeters (nix pro2, nix spectro2 and Spectro1 Pro; abbreviated to "NixP", "NixS" and "SpoP", respectively). EBT3 and EBT-XD were irradiated with X-rays (160 kV, 6.3 mA) up to 40 Gy and 80 Gy, respectively, and the radiation-induced color levels of RGB and CMYK components were measured with the three colorimeters. Angle dependence was examined by reading at 15° intervals. As a result, it was judged that all combinations would work effectively under certain irradiation conditions. NixP and NixS were applicable to a wider dose range for both films, while SpoP fit a lower dose range. On the other hand, SpoP showed an advantageous feature of no angular dependence in reading films, while NixP and NixS showed significant angle-dependent changes. These differences are considered to be attributable to the different geometries of LED light emission, which came from all directions (360°) in SpoP, 4 directions in NixP, and 8 directions in NixS. These findings are expected to expand the applicability of the novel method to various occasions of on-site dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yasuda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Shido Morioka
- School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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Barnes MJ, Afshar N, Cameron M, Hausermann D, Hardcastle N, Lerch M. The design and characterization of a novel dynamic collimator system for synchrotron radiotherapy applications. Med Phys 2023; 50:5806-5816. [PMID: 37531199 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel synchrotron radiotherapy techniques are currently limited to using prefabricated beam-limiting blocks for field definition. For large experiments, a single square tungsten block is often used for every treatment since conformal blocks are both patient and field specific, and require long lead times for fabrication. Future synchrotron radiotherapy treatments would benefit from a dynamic collimator system. PURPOSE We developed and tested a novel collimator design for use on the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the ANSTO Australian Synchrotron. METHODS The maximum usable beam size on IMBL is 50-mm wide by 3-mm tall. Given the beam shape, targets must be vertically scanned through the synchrotron beam to cover the target volume. To shape the beam, a novel collimator design was developed, consisting of two semi-circular leaves made from 4-mm thick tungsten sheets, with each leaf capable of both vertical and horizontal movement. A software model was created to optimize motor trajectories and generate deliverable treatment fields. A series of geometric field shapes and clinical target volumes were delivered using the collimator and imaged with a digital imaging detector. Four similarity metrics (volumetric similarity, DICE, and the average and maximum Hausdorff distances) were used to measure differences between the input and planned fields, and the planned and delivered fields. RESULTS Differences between input and planned fields increased with delivery speed, and were worse for rectangular and square fields compared to circular fields. However, the differences between planned and delivered fields were small, where the maximum average deviation between the fields was 0.25 mm (one pixel). Field repeatability was consistent with no difference (σ = 0 for all metrics) observed in consecutively delivered fields. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully built and demonstrated a novel collimator for synchrotron radiotherapy applications on IMBL. Several design improvements have been highlighted and will be addressed in future revisions the collimator. However, in its current state, the collimator enables dynamically delivered conformal treatment fields to be utilized on IMBL, and is ready to support the forthcoming canine treatments on IMBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J Barnes
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nader Afshar
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicholas Hardcastle
- Physical Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Jaekel F, Paino J, Engels E, Klein M, Barnes M, Häusermann D, Hall C, Zheng G, Wang H, Hildebrandt G, Lerch M, Schültke E. The Spinal Cord as Organ of Risk: Assessment for Acute and Subacute Neurological Adverse Effects after Microbeam Radiotherapy in a Rodent Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092470. [PMID: 37173938 PMCID: PMC10177263 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), a high dose rate radiotherapy technique using spatial dose fractionation at the micrometre range, has shown a high therapeutic efficacy in vivo in different tumour entities, including lung cancer. We have conducted a toxicity study for the spinal cord as organ of risk during irradiation of a target in the thoracic cavity. In young adult rats, the lower thoracic spinal cord was irradiated over a length of 2 cm with an array of quasi-parallel microbeams of 50 µm width, spaced at a centre-to-centre distance of 400 µm, with MRT peak doses up to 800 Gy. No acute or subacute adverse effects were observed within the first week after irradiation up to MRT peak doses of 400 Gy. No significant differences were seen between irradiated animals and non-irradiated controls in motor function and sensitivity, open field test and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP). After irradiation with MRT peak doses of 450-800 Gy, dose-dependent neurologic signs occurred. Provided that long-term studies do not reveal significant morbidity due to late toxicity, an MRT dose of 400 Gy can be considered safe for the spinal cord in the tested beam geometry and field size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jaekel
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre of Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Elette Engels
- Centre of Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Mitzi Klein
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Micah Barnes
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - Gang Zheng
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre of Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Schültke
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Mentzel F, Paino J, Barnes M, Cameron M, Corde S, Engels E, Kröninger K, Lerch M, Nackenhorst O, Rosenfeld A, Tehei M, Tsoi AC, Vogel S, Weingarten J, Hagenbuchner M, Guatelli S. Accurate and Fast Deep Learning Dose Prediction for a Preclinical Microbeam Radiation Therapy Study Using Low-Statistics Monte Carlo Simulations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072137. [PMID: 37046798 PMCID: PMC10093595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) utilizes coplanar synchrotron radiation beamlets and is a proposed treatment approach for several tumor diagnoses that currently have poor clinical treatment outcomes, such as gliosarcomas. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are one of the most used methods at the Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron to calculate the dose in MRT preclinical studies. The steep dose gradients associated with the 50μm-wide coplanar beamlets present a significant challenge for precise MC simulation of the dose deposition of an MRT irradiation treatment field in a short time frame. The long computation times inhibit the ability to perform dose optimization in treatment planning or apply online image-adaptive radiotherapy techniques to MRT. Much research has been conducted on fast dose estimation methods for clinically available treatments. However, such methods, including GPU Monte Carlo implementations and machine learning (ML) models, are unavailable for novel and emerging cancer radiotherapy options such as MRT. In this work, the successful application of a fast and accurate ML dose prediction model for a preclinical MRT rodent study is presented for the first time. The ML model predicts the peak doses in the path of the microbeams and the valley doses between them, delivered to the tumor target in rat patients. A CT imaging dataset is used to generate digital phantoms for each patient. Augmented variations of the digital phantoms are used to simulate with Geant4 the energy depositions of an MRT beam inside the phantoms with 15% (high-noise) and 2% (low-noise) statistical uncertainty. The high-noise MC simulation data are used to train the ML model to predict the energy depositions in the digital phantoms. The low-noise MC simulations data are used to test the predictive power of the ML model. The predictions of the ML model show an agreement within 3% with low-noise MC simulations for at least 77.6% of all predicted voxels (at least 95.9% of voxels containing tumor) in the case of the valley dose prediction and for at least 93.9% of all predicted voxels (100.0% of voxels containing tumor) in the case of the peak dose prediction. The successful use of high-noise MC simulations for the training, which are much faster to produce, accelerates the production of the training data of the ML model and encourages transfer of the ML model to different treatment modalities for other future applications in novel radiation cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mentzel
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Micah Barnes
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Physical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Matthew Cameron
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Corde
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Elette Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Physical Sciences, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Kevin Kröninger
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Olaf Nackenhorst
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Moeava Tehei
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ah Chung Tsoi
- School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Sarah Vogel
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jens Weingarten
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Hagenbuchner
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
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Shahhoseini E, Nakayama M, Panettieri V, Hall C, Feltis B, Geso M. Effects of synchrotron-based X-rays and gold nanoparticles on normal and cancer cell morphology and migration. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:359-367. [PMID: 36891849 PMCID: PMC10000794 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522012024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown lately that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and ionizing radiation (IR) have inhibitory effects on cancer cell migration while having promoting effects on normal cells' motility. Also, IR increases cancer cell adhesion with no significant effects on normal cells. In this study, synchrotron-based microbeam radiation therapy, as a novel pre-clinical radiotherapy protocol, is employed to investigate the effects of AuNPs on cell migration. Experiments were conducted utilizing synchrotron X-rays to investigate cancer and normal cell morphology and migration behaviour when they are exposed to synchrotron broad beams (SBB) and synchrotron microbeams (SMB). This in vitro study was conducted in two phases. In phase I two cancer cell lines - human prostate (DU145) and human lung (A549) - were exposed to various doses of SBB and SMB. Based on the phase I results, in phase II two normal cell lines were studied: human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and human primary colon epithelial (CCD841), along with their respective cancerous counterparts, human primary melanoma (MM418-C1) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW48). The results show that radiation-induced damage in cells' morphology becomes visible with SBB at doses greater than 50 Gy, and incorporating AuNPs increases this effect. Interestly, under the same conditions, no visible morphological changes were observed in the normal cell lines post-irradiation (HEM and CCD841). This can be attributed to the differences in cell metabolic and reactive oxygen species levels between normal and cancer cells. The outcome of this study highlights future applications of synchrotron-based radiotherapy, where it is possible to deliver extremely high doses to cancer tissues whilst preserving surrounding normal tissues from radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shahhoseini
- Medical Radiation, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Masao Nakayama
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Vanessa Panettieri
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Chris Hall
- ANSTO, Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bryce Feltis
- Human Bioscience, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Moshi Geso
- Medical Radiation, RMIT University, 289 McKimmies Road, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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The Microbeam Insert at the White Beam Beamline P61A at the Synchrotron PETRA III/DESY: A New Tool for High Dose Rate Irradiation Research. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205137. [PMID: 36291920 PMCID: PMC9600877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The excellent preservation of normal tissue function after high dose rate radiotherapy has been shown in pre-clinical studies. Normal tissue in the tumor environment is well preserved even after target doses of several hundred Gy while reliably destroying the tumor cells. These results have triggered the establishment of appropriate research structures at the synchrotron PETRA III on the DESY campus in Hamburg, Germany. Dose rates of hundreds of Gy/s can be achieved, compared to 6–20 Gy/min in clinical radiotherapy. We describe the design, development, key parameters, and first use of a mobile insert for high dose rate radiotherapy research, a new research instrument at P61A, the first polychromatic beamline of PETRA III. The data obtained at the end station P61A will support the international interdisciplinary effort to improve radiotherapy concepts for patients with malignant tumors that are considered radioresistant with the currently established clinical radiotherapy techniques. Abstract High dose rate radiotherapies such as FLASH and microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) both have developed to the stage of first veterinary studies within the last decade. With the development of a new research tool for high dose rate radiotherapy at the end station P61A of the synchrotron beamline P61 on the DESY campus in Hamburg, we increased the research capacity in this field to speed up the translation of the radiotherapy techniques which are still experimental, from bench to bedside. At P61, dose rates of several hundred Gy/s can be delivered. Compared to dedicated biomedical beamlines, the beam width available for MRT experiments is a very restrictive factor. We developed two model systems specifically to suit these specific technical parameters and tested them in a first set of experiments.
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Schültke E, Lerch M, Kirschstein T, Lange F, Porath K, Fiedler S, Davis J, Paino J, Engels E, Barnes M, Klein M, Hall C, Häusermann D, Hildebrandt G. Modification of the Langendorff system of the isolated beating heart for experimental radiotherapy at a synchrotron: 4000 Gy in a heart beat. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1027-1032. [PMID: 35787570 PMCID: PMC9255585 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbeam radiotherapy could help to cure malignant tumours which are currently still considered therapy-resistant. With an irradiation target in the thoracic cavity, the heart would be one of the most important organs at risk. To assess the acute adverse effects of microbeam irradiation in the heart, a powerful ex vivo tool was created by combining the Langendorff model of the isolated beating mammalian heart with X-Tream dosimetry. In a first pilot experiment conducted at the Biomedical and Imaging Beamline of the Australian Synchrotron, the system was tested at a microbeam peak dose approximately ten times higher than the anticipated future microbeam irradiation treatment doses. The entire heart was irradiated with a dose of 4000 Gy at a dose rate of >6000 Gy s-1, using an array of 50 µm-wide microbeams spaced at a centre-to-centre distance of 400 µm. Although temporary arrhythmias were seen, they reverted spontaneously to a stable rhythm and no cardiac arrest occurred. This amazing preservation of cardiac function is promising for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schültke
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Falko Lange
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Elette Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Micah Barnes
- Australian Synchrotron/ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mitzi Klein
- Australian Synchrotron/ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Barnes MJ, Paino J, Day LR, Butler D, Häusermann D, Pelliccia D, Crosbie JC. SyncMRT: a solution to image-guided synchrotron radiotherapy for quality assurance and pre-clinical trials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1074-1084. [PMID: 35787575 PMCID: PMC9255576 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522004829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new image guidance system and protocols for delivering image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) on the Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL) at the ANSTO Australian Synchrotron are introduced. The image guidance methods used and the resulting accuracy of tumour alignment in in vivo experiments are often under-reported. Image guidance tasks are often complex, time-consuming and prone to errors. If unchecked, they may result in potential mis-treatments. We introduce SyncMRT, a software package that provides a simple, image guidance tool-kit for aligning samples to the synchrotron beam. We have demonstrated sub-millimetre alignment using SyncMRT and the small-animal irradiation platform (the DynamicMRT system) on the IMBL. SyncMRT has become the standard for carrying out IGRT treatments on the IMBL and has been used in all pre-clinical radiotherapy experiments since 2017. Further, we introduce two quality assurance (QA) protocols to synchrotron radiotherapy on the IMBL: the Winston-Lutz test and hidden target test. It is shown that the presented QA tests are appropriate for picking up geometrical setup errors and assessing the end-to-end accuracy of the image guidance process. Together, these tools make image guidance easier and provide a mechanism for reporting the geometric accuracy of synchrotron-based IGRT treatments. Importantly, this work is scalable to other delivery systems, and is in continual development to support the upcoming veterinary radiotherapy trials on the IMBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Barnes
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Kulin Nation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Kulin Nation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Dharawal Nation, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J. Paino
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Dharawal Nation, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Dharawal Nation, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L. R. Day
- School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Kulin Nation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Butler
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Kulin Nation, Yallambie, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Häusermann
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, Kulin Nation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Pelliccia
- Instruments and Data Tools, Kulin Nation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. C. Crosbie
- School of Science, RMIT Univeristy, Kulin Nation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Mentzel F, Kroninger K, Lerch M, Nackenhorst O, Paino J, Rosenfeld A, Saraswati A, Tsoi AC, Weingarten J, Hagenbuchner M, Guatelli S. Fast and accurate dose predictions for novel radiotherapy treatments in heterogeneous phantoms using conditional 3D‐UNet generative adversarial networks. Med Phys 2022; 49:3389-3404. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mentzel
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund 44225 Germany
| | - Kevin Kroninger
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund 44225 Germany
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Olaf Nackenhorst
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund 44225 Germany
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Ayu Saraswati
- School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Ah Chung Tsoi
- School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Jens Weingarten
- Department of Physics TU Dortmund University Dortmund 44225 Germany
| | - Markus Hagenbuchner
- School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
- School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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12
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Schültke E. Flying rats and microbeam paths crossing: the beauty of international interdisciplinary science. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:466-473. [PMID: 34995153 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2024293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) is a still experimental radiotherapy approach. Two combined parameters contribute to an excellent normal tissue protection and an improved control of malignant tumors in small animal models, compared to conventional radiotherapy: dose deposition at a high dose rate and spatial fractionation at the micrometre level. The international microbeam research community expects to see clinical MRT trials within the next ten years.Physics-associated research is still widely regarded as a male domain. Thus, the question was asked whether this is reflected in the scientific contributions to the field of microbeam radiotherapy. METHOD A literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Semantic Scholar and other sources to look specifically for female contributors to the field of microbeam radiotherapy development. CONCLUSION The original idea for MRT was patented in 1994 by an all-male research team. In approximately 50% of all publications related to microbeam radiotherapy, however, either the first or the senior author is a woman. The contribution of those women who have been driving the development of both technical and biomedical aspects of MRT in the last two decades is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schültke
- Department of Radooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Davis J, Dipuglia A, Cameron M, Paino J, Cullen A, Guatelli S, Petasecca M, Rosenfeld A, Lerch M. Evaluation of silicon strip detectors in transmission mode for online beam monitoring in microbeam radiation therapy at the Australian Synchrotron. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:125-137. [PMID: 34985430 PMCID: PMC8733993 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Successful transition of synchrotron-based microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) from pre-clinical animal studies to human trials is dependent upon ensuring that there are sufficient and adequate measures in place for quality assurance purposes. Transmission detectors provide researchers and clinicians with a real-time quality assurance and beam-monitoring instrument to ensure safe and accurate dose delivery. In this work, the effect of transmission detectors of different thicknesses (10 and 375 µm) upon the photon energy spectra and dose deposition of spatially fractionated synchrotron radiation is quantified experimentally and by means of a dedicated Geant4 simulation study. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the presence of the 375 µm thick transmission detector results in an approximately 1-6% decrease in broad-beam and microbeam peak dose. The capability to account for the reduction in dose and change to the peak-to-valley dose ratio justifies the use of transmission detectors as thick as 375 µm in MRT provided that treatment planning systems are able to account for their presence. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the presence of the 10 µm thick transmission detector shows a negligible impact (<0.5%) on the photon energy spectra, dose delivery and microbeam structure for both broad-beam and microbeam cases. Whilst the use of 375 µm thick detectors would certainly be appropriate, based upon the idea of best practice the authors recommend that 10 µm thick transmission detectors of this sort be utilized as a real-time quality assurance and beam-monitoring tool during MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Davis
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Dipuglia
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Cameron
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashley Cullen
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marco Petasecca
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Beam port filters in a TRIGA MARK III nuclear reactor to produce epithermal neutrons for BNCT. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 179:110018. [PMID: 34749092 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive brain tumor and it is difficult to treat with conventional surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. An alternative treatment is boron neutron capture therapy which requires an energy modulated beam of neutrons and a10B drug capable of adhering to the tumor. In this work, MCNP6 Monte Carlo code was used to evaluate the effect on the neutron spectrum by placing two filters along the radial beam tube of the TRIGA Mark III nuclear reactor of ININ in Mexico. Every filter was made with the same amount and type of materials: Steel and Graphite for filter 1 and Cadmium, Aluminum, and Cadmium (Cd + Al + Cd) for filter 2. Two cases were analyzed for each filter as follows: Case A for filter 1 was considering 30 cm of steel and 30 cm of graphite, while for case B, the dimensions of filter 1 were 15 cm of steel, 15 cm of graphite, 15 cm of steel and 15 cm of graphite. Cases A and B for filter 2 were analyzed considering the same dimensions and amount of materials. The work was in the aim to produce epithermal neutrons for boron neutron capture therapy. Neutron spectra were calculated at three sites along the beam tube and two sites outside the beam tube; here, the ambient dose equivalent, the personal dose equivalent, and the effective doses were also estimated. At a distance of 517 cm of core, in case B, results in an epithermal-to-thermal neutron fluence ratio of 30.39 was obtained being larger than the one recommended by the IAEA of 20.
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15
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Laissue JA, Barré S, Bartzsch S, Blattmann H, Bouchet AM, Djonov VG, Haberthür D, Hlushchuk R, Kaser-Hotz B, Laissue PP, LeDuc G, Reding SO, Serduc R. Tolerance of Normal Rabbit Facial Bones and Teeth to Synchrotron X-Ray Microbeam Irradiation. Radiat Res 2021; 197:233-241. [PMID: 34755190 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microbeam radiation therapy, an alternative radiosurgical treatment under preclinical investigation, aims to safely treat muzzle tumors in pet animals. This will require data on the largely unknown radiation toxicity of microbeam arrays for bones and teeth. To this end, the muzzle of six young adult New Zealand rabbits was irradiated by a lateral array of microplanar beamlets with peak entrance doses of 200, 330 or 500 Gy. The muzzles were examined 431 days postirradiation by computed microtomographic imaging (micro-CT) ex vivo, and extensive histopathology. The boundaries of the radiation field were identified histologically by microbeam tracks in cartilage and other tissues. There was no radionecrosis of facial bones in any rabbit. Conversely, normal incisor teeth exposed to peak entrance doses of 330 Gy or 500 Gy developed marked caries-like damage, whereas the incisors of the two rabbits exposed to 200 Gy remained unscathed. A single, unidirectional array of microbeams with a peak entrance dose ≤200 Gy (valley dose14 Gy) did not damage normal bone, teeth and soft tissues of the muzzle of normal rabbits longer than one year after irradiation. Because of that, Microbeam radiation therapy of muzzle tumors in pet animals is unlikely to cause sizeable damage to normal teeth, bone and soft tissues, if a single array as used here delivers a limited entrance dose of 200 Gy and a valley dose of ≤14 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Albert Laissue
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH -3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Barré
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH -3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar - TU Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Blattmann
- Niederwiesstrasse 13C, CH-5417 Untersiggenthal, Switzerland
| | - Audrey M Bouchet
- INSERM UA8, "Radiations : Défense, Santé, Environnement," 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - David Haberthür
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH -3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, CH -3012 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Montay-Gruel P, Corde S, Laissue JA, Bazalova-Carter M. FLASH radiotherapy with photon beams. Med Phys 2021; 49:2055-2067. [PMID: 34519042 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high-dose rate "FLASH" radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) has been shown to drastically reduce normal tissue toxicities while being as efficacious as conventional dose rate radiotherapy to treat tumors. A large number of preclinical studies describing this so-called FLASH effect have led to the clinical translation of FLASH-RT using ultra-high-dose rate electron and proton beams. Although the vast majority of radiation therapy treatments are delivered using X-rays, few preclinical data using ultra-high-dose rate X-ray irradiation have been published. This review focuses on different methods that can be used to generate ultra-high-dose rate X-rays and their beam characteristics along with their effect on the biological tissues and the perspectives for the development of FLASH-RT with X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Radiotherapy, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Corde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean A Laissue
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Posar JA, Large M, Alnaghy S, Paino JR, Butler DJ, Griffith MJ, Hood S, Lerch MLF, Rosenfeld A, Sellin PJ, Guatelli S, Petasecca M. Towards high spatial resolution tissue-equivalent dosimetry for microbeam radiation therapy using organic semiconductors. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1444-1454. [PMID: 34475292 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521006044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spatially fractionated ultra-high-dose-rate beams used during microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) have been shown to increase the differential response between normal and tumour tissue. Quality assurance of MRT requires a dosimeter that possesses tissue equivalence, high radiation tolerance and spatial resolution. This is currently an unsolved challenge. This work explored the use of a 500 nm thick organic semiconductor for MRT dosimetry on the Imaging and Medical Beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Three beam filters were used to irradiate the device with peak energies of 48, 76 and 88 keV with respective dose rates of 3668, 500 and 209 Gy s-1. The response of the device stabilized to 30% efficiency after an irradiation dose of 30 kGy, with a 0.5% variation at doses of 35 kGy and higher. The calibration factor after pre-irradiation was determined to be 1.02 ± 0.005 µGy per count across all three X-ray energy spectra, demonstrating the unique advantage of using tissue-equivalent materials for dosimetry. The percentage depth dose curve was within ±5% of the PTW microDiamond detector. The broad beam was fractionated into 50 microbeams (50 µm FHWM and 400 µm centre-to-centre distance). For each beam filter, the FWHMs of all 50 microbeams were measured to be 51 ± 1.4, 53 ± 1.4 and 69 ± 1.9 µm, for the highest to lowest dose rate, respectively. The variation in response suggested the photodetector possessed dose-rate dependence. However, its ability to reconstruct the microbeam profile was affected by the presence of additional dose peaks adjacent to the one generated by the X-ray microbeam. Geant4 simulations proved that the additional peaks were due to optical photons generated in the barrier film coupled to the sensitive volume. The simulations also confirmed that the amplitude of the additional peak in comparison with the microbeam decreased for spectra with lower peak energies, as observed in the experimental data. The material packaging can be optimized during fabrication by solution processing onto a flexible substrate with a non-fluorescent barrier film. With these improvements, organic photodetectors show promising prospects as a cost-effective high spatial resolution tissue-equivalent flexible dosimeter for synchrotron radiation fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie A Posar
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Matthew Large
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Saree Alnaghy
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jason R Paino
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Duncan J Butler
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), Yallambie, Victoria 3085, Australia
| | - Matthew J Griffith
- School of Aeronautical, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sean Hood
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Michael L F Lerch
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Anatoly Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Paul J Sellin
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Marco Petasecca
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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18
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A Brief Overview of the Preclinical and Clinical Radiobiology of Microbeam Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:705-712. [PMID: 34454806 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) is the delivery of spatially fractionated beams that have the potential to offer significant improvements in the therapeutic ratio due to the delivery of micron-sized high dose and dose rate beams. They build on longstanding clinical experience of GRID radiotherapy and more recently lattice-based approaches. Here we briefly overview the preclinical evidence for MRT efficacy and highlight the challenges for bringing this to clinical utility. The biological mechanisms underpinning MRT efficacy are still unclear, but involve vascular, bystander, stem cell and potentially immune responses. There is probably significant overlap in the mechanisms underpinning MRT responses and FLASH radiotherapy that needs to be further defined.
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19
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Steel H, Brüningk SC, Box C, Oelfke U, Bartzsch SH. Quantification of Differential Response of Tumour and Normal Cells to Microbeam Radiation in the Absence of FLASH Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3238. [PMID: 34209502 PMCID: PMC8268803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) is a preclinical method of delivering spatially-fractionated radiotherapy aiming to improve the therapeutic window between normal tissue complication and tumour control. Previously, MRT was limited to ultra-high dose rate synchrotron facilities. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro effects of MRT on tumour and normal cells at conventional dose rates produced by a bench-top X-ray source. Two normal and two tumour cell lines were exposed to homogeneous broad beam (BB) radiation, MRT, or were separately irradiated with peak or valley doses before being mixed. Clonogenic survival was assessed and compared to BB-estimated surviving fractions calculated by the linear-quadratic (LQ)-model. All cell lines showed similar BB sensitivity. BB LQ-model predictions exceeded the survival of cell lines following MRT or mixed beam irradiation. This effect was stronger in tumour compared to normal cell lines. Dose mixing experiments could reproduce MRT survival. We observed a differential response of tumour and normal cells to spatially fractionated irradiations in vitro, indicating increased tumour cell sensitivity. Importantly, this was observed at dose rates precluding the presence of FLASH effects. The LQ-model did not predict cell survival when the cell population received split irradiation doses, indicating that factors other than local dose influenced survival after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Steel
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK; (C.B.); (U.O.)
| | - Sarah C. Brüningk
- Machine Learning & Computational Biology, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carol Box
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK; (C.B.); (U.O.)
| | - Uwe Oelfke
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, UK; (C.B.); (U.O.)
| | - Stefan H. Bartzsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Helmholtz Centre Munich, Institute for Radiation Medicine, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Munich, Germany
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20
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Schültke E, Fiedler S, Menk RH, Jaekel F, Dreossi D, Casarin K, Tromba G, Bartzsch S, Kriesen S, Hildebrandt G, Arfelli F. Perspectives for microbeam irradiation at the SYRMEP beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:410-418. [PMID: 33650552 PMCID: PMC7941286 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown previously both in vitro and in vivo that microbeam irradiation (MBI) can control malignant tumour cells more effectively than the clinically established concepts of broad beam irradiation. With the aim to extend the international capacity for microbeam research, the first MBI experiment at the biomedical beamline SYRMEP of the Italian synchrotron facility ELETTRA has been conducted. Using a multislit collimator produced by the company TECOMET, arrays of quasi-parallel microbeams were successfully generated with a beam width of 50 µm and a centre-to-centre distance of 400 µm. Murine melanoma cell cultures were irradiated with a target dose of approximately 65 Gy at a mean photon energy of ∼30 keV with a dose rate of 70 Gy s-1 and a peak-to-valley dose of ∼123. This work demonstrated a melanoma cell reduction of approximately 80% after MBI. It is suggested that, while a high energy is essential to achieve high dose rates in order to deposit high treatment doses in a short time in a deep-seated target, for in vitro studies and for the treatment of superficial tumours a spectrum in the lower energy range might be equally suitable or even advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Schültke
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Fiedler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Hendrik Menk
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, Trieste 34149, Italy
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Trieste Section, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Trieste, Italy
| | - Felix Jaekel
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Diego Dreossi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Katia Casarin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Department of Radiooncology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Innovative Radiotherapy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kriesen
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiooncology, Rostock University Medical Center, Südring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fulvia Arfelli
- Trieste Section, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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21
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Engels E, Bakr S, Bolst D, Sakata D, Li N, Lazarakis P, McMahon SJ, Ivanchenko V, Rosenfeld AB, Incerti S, Kyriakou I, Emfietzoglou D, Lerch MLF, Tehei M, Corde S, Guatelli S. Advances in modelling gold nanoparticle radiosensitization using new Geant4-DNA physics models. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:225017. [PMID: 32916674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abb7c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have demonstrated significant radiosensitization of cancer treatment with x-ray radiotherapy. To understand the mechanisms at the basis of nanoparticle radiosensitization, Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the dose enhancement, given a certain nanoparticle concentration and distribution in the biological medium. Earlier studies have ordinarily used condensed history physics models to predict nanoscale dose enhancement with nanoparticles. This study uses Geant4-DNA complemented with novel track structure physics models to accurately describe electron interactions in gold and to calculate the dose surrounding gold nanoparticle structures at nanoscale level. The computed dose in silico due to a clinical kilovoltage beam and the presence of gold nanoparticles was related to in vitro brain cancer cell survival using the local effect model. The comparison of the simulation results with radiobiological experimental measurements shows that Geant4-DNA and local effect model can be used to predict cell survival in silico in the case of x-ray kilovoltage beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elette Engels
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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22
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Hainfeld JF, Ridwan SM, Stanishevskiy FY, Smilowitz HM. Iodine nanoparticle radiotherapy of human breast cancer growing in the brains of athymic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15627. [PMID: 32973267 PMCID: PMC7515899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
About 30% of breast cancers metastasize to the brain; those widely disseminated are fatal typically in 3-4 months, even with the best available treatments, including surgery, drugs, and radiotherapy. To address this dire situation, we have developed iodine nanoparticles (INPs) that target brain tumors after intravenous (IV) injection. The iodine then absorbs X-rays during radiotherapy (RT), creating free radicals and local tumor damage, effectively boosting the local RT dose at the tumor. Efficacy was tested using the very aggressive human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC, MDA-MB-231 cells) growing in the brains of athymic nude mice. With a well-tolerated non-toxic IV dose of the INPs (7 g iodine/kg body weight), tumors showed a heavily iodinated rim surrounding the tumor having an average uptake of 2.9% iodine by weight, with uptake peaks at 4.5%. This is calculated to provide a dose enhancement factor of approximately 5.5 (peaks at 8.0), the highest ever reported for any radiation-enhancing agents. With RT alone (15 Gy, single dose), all animals died by 72 days; INP pretreatment resulted in longer-term remissions with 40% of mice surviving 150 days and 30% surviving > 280 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Hainfeld
- Nanoprobes, Inc., 95 Horseblock Rd., Unit 1, Yaphank, NY, 11980, USA.
| | - Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | | | - Henry M Smilowitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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